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Building Electricity Networks

The preparation process of the PyPSA-Eur energy system model consists of a group of snakemake rules which are briefly outlined and explained in detail in the sections below.

Not all data dependencies are shipped with the git repository. Instead we provide separate data bundles which can be obtained using the retrieve* rules (Retrieving Data). Having downloaded the necessary data, it can build a base PyPSA network with the following rules

  • [build_shapes][] generates GeoJSON files with shapes of the countries, exclusive economic zones and NUTS3 areas.
  • [base_network][] builds and stores the base network with all buses, HVAC lines and HVDC links, and determines Voronoi cells for all substations.

The network is then simplified by preparing approximations of the network model, for which it is computationally viable to co-optimize generation, storage and transmission capacities.

  • [simplify_network][] transforms the transmission grid to a 380 kV only equivalent network, while
  • [cluster_network][] uses a k-means based clustering technique to partition the network into a given number of zones and then reduce the network to a representation with one bus per zone.

The simplification and clustering steps are described in detail in the paper

Then, the process continues by calculating conventional power plant capacities, potentials, and per-unit availability time series for variable renewable energy carriers and hydro power plants with the following rules:

  • [build_powerplants][] for today's thermal power plant capacities using powerplantmatching allocating these to the matching clustered region for each powerplant,
  • [determine_availability_matrix][] for the land eligibility analysis of each cutout grid cell for PV, onshore and offshore wind,
  • [build_renewable_profiles][] for the hourly capacity factors and installation potentials constrained by land-use in each substation's Voronoi cell for PV, onshore and offshore wind, and
  • [build_hydro_profile][] for the hourly per-unit hydro power availability time series.

The rules [add_electricity][] and [prepare_network][] then tie all the different data inputs together into a detailed PyPSA network stored in networks/base_s_{clusters}_elec.nc.

Rule build_cutout {#cutout}

::: build_cutout

Rule build_osm_boundaries

::: build_osm_boundaries

Rule clean_osm_data

::: clean_osm_data

Rule build_osm_network

::: build_osm_network

Rule build_tyndp_network

::: build_tyndp_network

Rule base_network {#base}

::: base_network

Rule build_natura

::: build_natura

Rule build_transmission_projects

::: build_transmission_projects

Rule build_line_rating

::: build_line_rating

Rule add_transmission_projects_and_dlr

::: add_transmission_projects_and_dlr

Rule build_bidding_zones

::: build_bidding_zones

Rule build_shapes {#shapes}

::: build_shapes

Rule build_electricity_demand_base

::: build_electricity_demand_base

Rule build_electricity_demand {#electricity_demand}

::: build_electricity_demand

Rule build_hac_features

::: build_hac_features

Rule simplify_network {#simplify}

::: simplify_network

Rule cluster_network {#cluster}

::: cluster_network

Rule build_monthly_prices {#monthlyprices}

::: build_monthly_prices

Rule build_ship_raster {#ship}

::: build_ship_raster

Rule determine_availability_matrix_MD_UA {#availabilitymatrixmdua}

::: determine_availability_matrix_MD_UA

Rule determine_availability_matrix {#renewableprofiles}

::: determine_availability_matrix

Rule build_renewable_profiles

::: build_renewable_profiles

Rule build_hydro_profile {#hydroprofiles}

::: build_hydro_profile

Rule build_powerplants {#powerplants}

::: build_powerplants

Rule add_electricity {#electricity}

::: add_electricity

Rule prepare_network {#prepare}

::: prepare_network