From 780c3a8dc2a521c190f0ff843037c48cf424a7b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Franz=20P=C3=B6schel?= <franz.poeschel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 13:25:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Use hidden visibility by default

---
 CMakeLists.txt                                | 41 ++++++++++
 include/openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp                 | 43 +++++-----
 include/openPMD/ChunkInfo_internal.hpp        |  8 +-
 include/openPMD/Dataset.hpp                   |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/Datatype.hpp                  | 19 +++--
 include/openPMD/Error.hpp                     | 15 ++--
 include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp      |  3 +-
 .../openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandlerHelper.hpp    |  7 +-
 include/openPMD/IO/IOTask.hpp                 |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/Iteration.hpp                 |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/IterationEncoding.hpp         |  6 +-
 include/openPMD/Mesh.hpp                      |  9 +-
 include/openPMD/ParticlePatches.hpp           |  4 +-
 include/openPMD/ParticleSpecies.hpp           |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/ReadIterations.hpp            |  5 +-
 include/openPMD/Record.hpp                    |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp           |  5 +-
 include/openPMD/Series.hpp                    |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/Span.hpp                      |  5 +-
 include/openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp             | 14 ++--
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/BlockSlicer.hpp     |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Date.hpp            |  3 +-
 .../openPMD/auxiliary/DerefDynamicCast.hpp    |  2 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Filesystem.hpp      | 17 ++--
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON.hpp            |  5 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON_internal.hpp   | 31 +++----
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Memory.hpp          |  2 +-
 .../auxiliary/OneDimensionalBlockSlicer.hpp   |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/OutOfRangeMsg.hpp   |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/UniquePtr.hpp       |  6 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp         |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp      | 82 +++++++++++++++++++
 include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp      |  6 +-
 include/openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp         |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp        |  7 +-
 .../openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp   |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/backend/Container.hpp         |  3 +-
 .../openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp   |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecord.hpp       |  4 +-
 .../openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp  |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/helper/list_series.hpp        |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/snapshots/ContainerTraits.hpp |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/snapshots/IteratorTraits.hpp  |  6 +-
 include/openPMD/snapshots/Snapshots.hpp       |  3 +-
 include/openPMD/version.hpp                   | 17 ++--
 src/auxiliary/JSON.cpp                        |  4 +-
 src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp                    |  1 +
 47 files changed, 306 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 3811ca7ab3..d01344adbc 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ openpmd_option(MPI            "Parallel, Multi-Node I/O for clusters"     AUTO)
 openpmd_option(HDF5           "HDF5 backend (.h5 files)"                  AUTO)
 openpmd_option(ADIOS2         "ADIOS2 backend (.bp files)"                AUTO)
 openpmd_option(PYTHON         "Enable Python bindings"                    AUTO)
+openpmd_option(SYMBOLHIDING   "Enable symbol hiding in libraries" AUTO)
 
 option(openPMD_INSTALL               "Add installation targets"             ON)
 option(openPMD_INSTALL_RPATH         "Add RPATHs to installed binaries"     ON)
@@ -219,6 +220,34 @@ function(openpmd_cuda_required target)
 endfunction()
 
 
+# Compiler Features ###########################################################
+#
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+
+check_cxx_source_compiles(
+    "
+        #include <cstdlib>
+        __attribute__((visibility(\"default\"))) static void f(void);
+        int main(void){ return 0; }
+    "
+    HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT
+)
+if(HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT OR
+   "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
+    if(openPMD_USE_SYMBOLHIDING STREQUAL "AUTO" OR
+       openPMD_USE_SYMBOLHIDING)
+        set(openPMD_HAVE_SYMBOLHIDING ON)
+    else()
+        set(openPMD_HAVE_SYMBOLHIDING OFF)
+    endif()
+else()
+    set(openPMD_HAVE_SYMBOLHIDING OFF)
+    if(openPMD_USE_SYMBOLHIDING)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Compiler does not support symbol hiding.")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+
 # Dependencies ################################################################
 #
 message(STATUS "openPMD-api superbuild: ${openPMD_SUPERBUILD}")
@@ -509,6 +538,18 @@ list(APPEND _msvc_options
 )
 target_compile_options(openPMD PUBLIC ${_msvc_options})
 
+target_compile_definitions(openPMD PUBLIC
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:OPENPMD_BUILDPHASE=1>)
+
+# symbol hiding
+if(openPMD_HAVE_SYMBOLHIDING)
+    set_target_properties(openPMD PROPERTIES
+        CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden
+        VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN ON
+    )
+    target_compile_definitions(openPMD PUBLIC openPMD_HAVE_SYMBOLHIDING=1)
+endif()
+
 # own headers
 target_include_directories(openPMD PUBLIC
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${openPMD_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
diff --git a/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp b/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp
index 06522fade2..fc6f08acae 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/config.hpp"
 
 #include "openPMD/Dataset.hpp" // Offset, Extent
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  *
  * A chunk consists of its offset and its extent
  */
-struct ChunkInfo
+struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC ChunkInfo
 {
     Offset offset; //!< origin of the chunk
     Extent extent; //!< size of the chunk
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ struct ChunkInfo
  * This information will vary between different backends and should be used
  * for optimization purposes only.
  */
-struct WrittenChunkInfo : ChunkInfo
+struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC WrittenChunkInfo : ChunkInfo
 {
     unsigned int sourceID = 0; //!< ID of the data source containing the chunk
 
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * @param chunks A list of chunks. Merging will occur in-place.
      */
     template <typename Chunk_t>
-    void mergeChunks(std::vector<Chunk_t> &chunks);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC void mergeChunks(std::vector<Chunk_t> &chunks);
 
     /**
      * @brief Pairwise merge all chunks from the same source ID if they can be
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * @param chunks A list of chunks.
      * @return Ordered by source ID, lists of merged chunks for each source ID.
      */
-    auto
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC auto
     mergeChunksFromSameSourceID(std::vector<WrittenChunkInfo> const &chunks)
         -> std::map<unsigned int, std::vector<ChunkInfo>>;
 
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * chunks only within one compute node and will fail if there is no consumer
      * in that same compute node.
      */
-    struct PartialAssignment
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC PartialAssignment
     {
         ChunkTable notAssigned;
         Assignment assigned;
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * ChunkTable that guides data sinks on how to load data into reading
      * processes.
      */
-    struct Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC Strategy
     {
         /**
          * @brief Assign chunks to be loaded to reading processes.
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * chunks only within one compute node and will fail if there is no consumer
      * in that same compute node.
      */
-    struct PartialStrategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC PartialStrategy
     {
         /**
          * @brief Assign chunks to be loaded to reading processes.
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      *    were not applicable e.g. due to a suboptimal setup.
      *
      */
-    struct FromPartialStrategy : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC FromPartialStrategy : Strategy
     {
         FromPartialStrategy(
             std::unique_ptr<PartialStrategy> firstPass,
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      *        in a round-Robin manner.
      *
      */
-    struct RoundRobin : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC RoundRobin : Strategy
     {
         Assignment assign(
             PartialAssignment,
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * Assign all chunks from the first source rank to the first reader rank,
      * all from the second source rank to the second reader, and so on.
      */
-    struct RoundRobinOfSourceRanks : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC RoundRobinOfSourceRanks : Strategy
     {
         Assignment assign(
             PartialAssignment,
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * The first three blocks go to the first process, the last three blocks to
      * the second.
      */
-    struct Blocks : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC Blocks : Strategy
     {
         Assignment assign(
             PartialAssignment,
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * Assign writer processes to reader processes, instead of assigning blocks
      * to processes.
      */
-    struct BlocksOfSourceRanks : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC BlocksOfSourceRanks : Strategy
     {
         Assignment assign(
             PartialAssignment,
@@ -424,7 +426,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * chosen.
      *
      */
-    struct ByHostname : PartialStrategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC ByHostname : PartialStrategy
     {
         ByHostname(std::unique_ptr<Strategy> withinNode);
 
@@ -451,7 +453,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * current parallel process in case this intersection is non-empty.
      *
      */
-    struct ByCuboidSlice : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC ByCuboidSlice : Strategy
     {
         ByCuboidSlice(
             std::unique_ptr<auxiliary::BlockSlicer> blockSlicer,
@@ -483,7 +485,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * will be assigned at worst twice the ideal amount of data.
      *
      */
-    struct BinPacking : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC BinPacking : Strategy
     {
         size_t splitAlongDimension = 0;
 
@@ -512,7 +514,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * can be assigned within the same compute node.
      *
      */
-    struct FailingStrategy : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC FailingStrategy : Strategy
     {
         explicit FailingStrategy();
 
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@ namespace chunk_assignment
      * the same node.
      *
      */
-    struct DiscardingStrategy : Strategy
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC DiscardingStrategy : Strategy
     {
         explicit DiscardingStrategy();
 
@@ -569,7 +571,7 @@ namespace host_info
      * @return true If it is available.
      * @return false Otherwise.
      */
-    bool methodAvailable(Method);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC bool methodAvailable(Method);
 
     /**
      * @brief Wrapper for the native hostname retrieval functions such as
@@ -578,7 +580,7 @@ namespace host_info
      * @return std::string The hostname / processor name returned by the native
      *                     function.
      */
-    std::string byMethod(Method);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string byMethod(Method);
 
 #if openPMD_HAVE_MPI
     /**
@@ -591,7 +593,8 @@ namespace host_info
      *         for all MPI ranks known to the communicator.
      *         The result is returned on all ranks.
      */
-    chunk_assignment::RankMeta byMethodCollective(MPI_Comm, Method);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC chunk_assignment::RankMeta
+        byMethodCollective(MPI_Comm, Method);
 #endif
 } // namespace host_info
 } // namespace openPMD
diff --git a/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo_internal.hpp b/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo_internal.hpp
index b14ff0f7ad..f1331c382e 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo_internal.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/ChunkInfo_internal.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <string>
 
 namespace openPMD::host_info
@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ namespace openPMD::host_info
  *         via methodAvailable().
  * @throws std::out_of_range If an unknown string identifier is passed.
  */
-Method methodFromStringDescription(std::string const &descr, bool consider_mpi);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC Method
+methodFromStringDescription(std::string const &descr, bool consider_mpi);
 
 /*
  * The following block contains one wrapper for each native hostname
@@ -58,10 +60,10 @@ Method methodFromStringDescription(std::string const &descr, bool consider_mpi);
 #endif
 
 #if openPMD_POSIX_AVAILABLE
-std::string posix_hostname();
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string posix_hostname();
 #endif
 
 #if openPMD_HAVE_MPI
-std::string mpi_processor_name();
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string mpi_processor_name();
 #endif
 } // namespace openPMD::host_info
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Dataset.hpp b/include/openPMD/Dataset.hpp
index 80513683f9..525f987171 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Dataset.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Dataset.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/Datatype.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ namespace openPMD
 using Extent = std::vector<std::uint64_t>;
 using Offset = std::vector<std::uint64_t>;
 
-class Dataset
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Dataset
 {
     friend class RecordComponent;
 
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Datatype.hpp b/include/openPMD/Datatype.hpp
index 26b31c8458..602fd46eea 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Datatype.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Datatype.hpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 // comment to prevent clang-format from moving this #include up
 // datatype macros may be included and un-included in other headers
 #include "openPMD/DatatypeMacros.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <climits>
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ namespace openPMD
 
 /** Concrete datatype of an object available at runtime.
  */
-enum class Datatype : int
+enum class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Datatype : int
 {
     CHAR,
     UCHAR,
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ enum class Datatype : int
  *        listed in order in a vector.
  *
  */
-std::vector<Datatype> openPMD_Datatypes();
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<Datatype> openPMD_Datatypes();
 
 /** @brief Fundamental equivalence check for two given types T and U.
  *
@@ -738,17 +739,19 @@ inline bool isSame(openPMD::Datatype const d, openPMD::Datatype const e)
  * @param dt The "full" Datatype.
  * @return The "inner" Datatype.
  */
-Datatype basicDatatype(Datatype dt);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC Datatype basicDatatype(Datatype dt);
 
-Datatype toVectorType(Datatype dt);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC Datatype toVectorType(Datatype dt);
 
-std::string datatypeToString(Datatype dt);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string datatypeToString(Datatype dt);
 
-Datatype stringToDatatype(const std::string &s);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC Datatype stringToDatatype(const std::string &s);
 
-void warnWrongDtype(std::string const &key, Datatype store, Datatype request);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC void
+warnWrongDtype(std::string const &key, Datatype store, Datatype request);
 
-std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::Datatype const &);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::ostream &
+operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::Datatype const &);
 
 template <typename T>
 constexpr auto datatypeIndex() -> size_t
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Error.hpp b/include/openPMD/Error.hpp
index d1762e7e6d..fb3af0964a 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Error.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Error.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/ThrowError.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <exception>
 #include <optional>
@@ -17,13 +18,13 @@ namespace openPMD
  * in the openPMD::error namespace.
  *
  */
-class Error : public std::exception
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Error : public std::exception
 {
 private:
     std::string m_what;
 
 protected:
-    Error(std::string what) : m_what(what)
+    Error(std::string what) : m_what(std::move(what))
     {}
 
 public:
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ namespace error
      *
      * Example: Append mode is not available in JSON.
      */
-    class OperationUnsupportedInBackend : public Error
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC OperationUnsupportedInBackend : public Error
     {
     public:
         std::string backend;
@@ -60,13 +61,13 @@ namespace error
      * Example: File-based iteration encoding is selected without specifying an
      *     expansion pattern.
      */
-    class WrongAPIUsage : public Error
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC WrongAPIUsage : public Error
     {
     public:
         WrongAPIUsage(std::string const &what);
     };
 
-    class BackendConfigSchema : public Error
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC BackendConfigSchema : public Error
     {
     public:
         std::vector<std::string> errorLocation;
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ namespace error
      *
      * Example: A nullpointer is observed somewhere.
      */
-    class Internal : public Error
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Internal : public Error
     {
     public:
         Internal(std::string const &what);
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ namespace error
     /*
      * Read error concerning a specific object.
      */
-    class ReadError : public Error
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC ReadError : public Error
     {
     public:
         AffectedObject affectedObject;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp b/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp
index 29b3de8bff..d4bc9f2f3e 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/IO/Format.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/IO/IOTask.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/IterationEncoding.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/config.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/version.hpp"
 
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ namespace detail
  * scenarios it is therefore necessary to manually execute all operations
  * by calling AbstractIOHandler::flush().
  */
-class AbstractIOHandler
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC AbstractIOHandler
 {
     friend class Series;
     friend class ADIOS2IOHandlerImpl;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandlerHelper.hpp b/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandlerHelper.hpp
index 5b39a288b3..384c8b337a 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandlerHelper.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandlerHelper.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/config.hpp"
 
 namespace openPMD
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  * @return  Smart pointer to created IOHandler.
  */
 template <typename JSON>
-std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
     std::optional<std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler>> initialize_from,
     std::string path,
     Access access,
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
  * @return  Smart pointer to created IOHandler.
  */
 template <typename JSON>
-std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
     std::optional<std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler>> initialize_from,
     std::string path,
     Access access,
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
     std::string const &pathAsItWasSpecifiedInTheConstructor);
 
 // version without configuration to use in AuxiliaryTest
-std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler> createIOHandler(
     std::optional<std::unique_ptr<AbstractIOHandler>> initialize_from,
     std::string path,
     Access access,
diff --git a/include/openPMD/IO/IOTask.hpp b/include/openPMD/IO/IOTask.hpp
index 4c82cee174..0b17845880 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/IO/IOTask.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/IO/IOTask.hpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/Export.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/Memory.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/ParsePreference.hpp"
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ namespace json
     class JsonMatcher;
 }
 
-Writable *getWritable(Attributable *);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC Writable *getWritable(Attributable *);
 
 /** Type of IO operation between logical and persistent data.
  */
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Iteration.hpp b/include/openPMD/Iteration.hpp
index 43ee1084bb..2366fdc660 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Iteration.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Iteration.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/ParticleSpecies.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/Streaming.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Container.hpp"
 
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ namespace internal
  * @see
  * https://github.com/openPMD/openPMD-standard/blob/latest/STANDARD.md#required-attributes-for-the-basepath
  */
-class Iteration : public Attributable
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Iteration : public Attributable
 {
     template <typename T, typename T_key, typename T_container>
     friend class Container;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/IterationEncoding.hpp b/include/openPMD/IterationEncoding.hpp
index 81cc191000..f48c474a60 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/IterationEncoding.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/IterationEncoding.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <ostream>
 
 namespace openPMD
@@ -29,13 +30,14 @@ namespace openPMD
  * @see
  * https://github.com/openPMD/openPMD-standard/blob/latest/STANDARD.md#iterations-and-time-series
  */
-enum class IterationEncoding
+enum class OPENPMD_PUBLIC IterationEncoding
 {
     fileBased,
     groupBased,
     variableBased
 };
 
-std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::IterationEncoding const &);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::ostream &
+operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::IterationEncoding const &);
 
 } // namespace openPMD
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Mesh.hpp b/include/openPMD/Mesh.hpp
index 77ef8b2886..72b75d58e4 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Mesh.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Mesh.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  * @see
  * https://github.com/openPMD/openPMD-standard/blob/latest/STANDARD.md#mesh-based-records
  */
-class Mesh : public BaseRecord<MeshRecordComponent>
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Mesh : public BaseRecord<MeshRecordComponent>
 {
     friend class Container<Mesh>;
     friend class Iteration;
@@ -342,8 +343,10 @@ inline T Mesh::timeOffset() const
     return readFloatingpoint<T>("timeOffset");
 }
 
-std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::Mesh::Geometry const &);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::ostream &
+operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::Mesh::Geometry const &);
 
-std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::Mesh::DataOrder const &);
+OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::ostream &
+operator<<(std::ostream &, openPMD::Mesh::DataOrder const &);
 
 } // namespace openPMD
diff --git a/include/openPMD/ParticlePatches.hpp b/include/openPMD/ParticlePatches.hpp
index f3c4c0b943..0a38ff0d1c 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/ParticlePatches.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/ParticlePatches.hpp
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Container.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/PatchRecord.hpp"
 
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <vector>
 
 namespace openPMD
 {
-class ParticlePatches : public Container<PatchRecord>
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC ParticlePatches : public Container<PatchRecord>
 {
     friend class ParticleSpecies;
     friend class Container<ParticlePatches>;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/ParticleSpecies.hpp b/include/openPMD/ParticleSpecies.hpp
index af7aa50375..37aa88cd1d 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/ParticleSpecies.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/ParticleSpecies.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "openPMD/ParticlePatches.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/Record.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Container.hpp"
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@
 namespace openPMD
 {
 
-class ParticleSpecies : public Container<Record>
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC ParticleSpecies : public Container<Record>
 {
     friend class Container<ParticleSpecies>;
     friend class Container<Record>;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/ReadIterations.hpp b/include/openPMD/ReadIterations.hpp
index 9a4eff9221..51af947b8f 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/ReadIterations.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/ReadIterations.hpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "openPMD/Iteration.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/Series.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/snapshots/Snapshots.hpp"
 
 namespace openPMD
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  * Wraps the Iterator type of `Series::snapshots()`, but has `IndexedIteration`
  * as value_type instead of `std::pair<uint64_t, Iteration>`.
  */
-class LegacyIteratorAdaptor
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC LegacyIteratorAdaptor
 {
     using value_type = IndexedIteration;
     using parent_t = Snapshots::iterator;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ class LegacyIteratorAdaptor
  * the foreach loop.
  *
  */
-class ReadIterations
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC ReadIterations
 {
     friend class Series;
 
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Record.hpp b/include/openPMD/Record.hpp
index 791c4c15f8..e4f91e5883 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Record.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Record.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp"
 
 #include <string>
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
 
 namespace openPMD
 {
-class Record : public BaseRecord<RecordComponent>
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Record : public BaseRecord<RecordComponent>
 {
     friend class Container<Record>;
     friend class Iteration;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp b/include/openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp
index 0c9ead0263..4d1c36e04f 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/ShareRaw.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/TypeTraits.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/UniquePtr.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp"
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class RecordComponent;
 
 namespace internal
 {
-    class RecordComponentData : public BaseRecordComponentData
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC RecordComponentData : public BaseRecordComponentData
     {
     public:
         RecordComponentData();
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ namespace internal
 template <typename>
 class BaseRecord;
 
-class RecordComponent : public BaseRecordComponent
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC RecordComponent : public BaseRecordComponent
 {
     template <typename T, typename T_key, typename T_container>
     friend class Container;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Series.hpp b/include/openPMD/Series.hpp
index 841f238006..3cd4203978 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Series.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Series.hpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/Streaming.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/TypeTraits.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Container.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/ParsePreference.hpp"
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ namespace internal
  * @see
  * https://github.com/openPMD/openPMD-standard/blob/latest/STANDARD.md#iterations-and-time-series
  */
-class Series : public Attributable
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Series : public Attributable
 {
     friend class Attributable;
     friend class Iteration;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/Span.hpp b/include/openPMD/Span.hpp
index 85570fd148..cf740c76c7 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/Span.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/Span.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <iterator>
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  * https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/span
  */
 template <typename T>
-class Span
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Span
 {
     template <typename>
     friend class DynamicMemoryView;
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ class Span
  *      to it. Otherwise, a use after free might occur.
  */
 template <typename T>
-class DynamicMemoryView
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC DynamicMemoryView
 {
     friend class RecordComponent;
 
diff --git a/include/openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp b/include/openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp
index 480901c0ca..7a9fee0127 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <map>
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ using UnitDimensionExponent = double;
  *
  * Dimensional base quantities of the international system of quantities
  */
-enum class UnitDimension : uint8_t
+enum class OPENPMD_PUBLIC UnitDimension : uint8_t
 {
     L = 0, //!< length
     M, //!< mass
@@ -53,15 +54,16 @@ namespace unit_representations
     using AsMaps = std::vector<AsMap>;
     using AsArrays = std::vector<AsArray>;
 
-    auto asArray(AsMap const &) -> AsArray;
-    auto asMap(AsArray const &, bool skip_zeros = true) -> AsMap;
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC auto asArray(AsMap const &) -> AsArray;
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC auto asMap(AsArray const &, bool skip_zeros = true) -> AsMap;
 
-    auto asArrays(AsMaps const &) -> AsArrays;
-    auto asMaps(AsArrays const &, bool skip_zeros = true) -> AsMaps;
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC auto asArrays(AsMaps const &) -> AsArrays;
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC auto asMaps(AsArrays const &, bool skip_zeros = true)
+        -> AsMaps;
 
     namespace auxiliary
     {
-        void fromMapOfUnitDimension(
+        OPENPMD_PUBLIC void fromMapOfUnitDimension(
             double *cursor, std::map<UnitDimension, double> const &udim);
     } // namespace auxiliary
 } // namespace unit_representations
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/BlockSlicer.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/BlockSlicer.hpp
index a2569aa002..20b4c3d065 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/BlockSlicer.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/BlockSlicer.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/Dataset.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ namespace openPMD::auxiliary
  * Abstract class to associate a thread with its local cuboid in the total
  * cuboid.
  */
-class BlockSlicer
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC BlockSlicer
 {
 public:
     /**
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Date.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Date.hpp
index c17a9aca2c..b93c79d5eb 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Date.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Date.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <string>
 
 namespace openPMD
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/ctime/strftime/
      * @return std::string with formatted date
      */
-    std::string
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string
     getDateString(std::string const &format = std::string("%F %T %z"));
 } // namespace auxiliary
 } // namespace openPMD
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/DerefDynamicCast.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/DerefDynamicCast.hpp
index 1620334ea0..67b24c631d 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/DerefDynamicCast.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/DerefDynamicCast.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
-#include <exception>
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 namespace openPMD
 {
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Filesystem.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Filesystem.hpp
index ab728b05d0..1d04d03404 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Filesystem.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Filesystem.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/config.hpp"
 
 #if openPMD_HAVE_MPI
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @return  true if the given path or file status corresponds to an existing
      * directory, false otherwise.
      */
-    bool directory_exists(std::string const &path);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC bool directory_exists(std::string const &path);
 
     /** Check if a file exists at a given absolute or relative path.
      *
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @return  true if the given path or file status corresponds to an existing
      * file, false otherwise.
      */
-    bool file_exists(std::string const &path);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC bool file_exists(std::string const &path);
 
     /** List all contents of a directory at a given absolute or relative path.
      *
@@ -64,7 +65,8 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @param   path    Absolute or relative path of directory to examine.
      * @return  Vector of all contained files and directories.
      */
-    std::vector<std::string> list_directory(std::string const &path);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<std::string>
+    list_directory(std::string const &path);
 
     /** Create all required directories to have a reachable given absolute or
      * relative path.
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @return  true if a directory was created for the directory p resolves to,
      * false otherwise.
      */
-    bool create_directories(std::string const &path);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC bool create_directories(std::string const &path);
 
     /** Remove the directory identified by the given path.
      *
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @return  true if the directory was deleted, false otherwise and if it did
      * not exist.
      */
-    bool remove_directory(std::string const &path);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC bool remove_directory(std::string const &path);
 
     /** Remove the file identified by the given path.
      *
@@ -93,11 +95,12 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @return  true if the file was deleted, false otherwise and if it did not
      * exist.
      */
-    bool remove_file(std::string const &path);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC bool remove_file(std::string const &path);
 
 #if openPMD_HAVE_MPI
 
-    std::string collective_file_read(std::string const &path, MPI_Comm);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string
+    collective_file_read(std::string const &path, MPI_Comm);
 
 #endif
 } // namespace auxiliary
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON.hpp
index 26aa52281c..ad65f9c6a0 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/config.hpp"
 
 #if openPMD_HAVE_MPI
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ namespace json
      *        `overwrite` was a JSON dataset, then as a JSON string, otherwise
      *        as a TOML string.
      */
-    std::string
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string
     merge(std::string const &defaultValue, std::string const &overwrite);
 
 #if openPMD_HAVE_MPI
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ namespace json
      *        `overwrite` was a JSON dataset, then as a JSON string, otherwise
      *        as a TOML string.
      */
-    std::string merge(
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string merge(
         std::string const &defaultValue,
         std::string const &overwrite,
         MPI_Comm);
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON_internal.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON_internal.hpp
index 8096009f9e..39239abf17 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON_internal.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/JSON_internal.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/config.hpp"
 
 #include <deque>
@@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ namespace openPMD
 {
 namespace json
 {
-    enum class SupportedLanguages
+    enum class OPENPMD_PUBLIC SupportedLanguages
     {
         JSON,
         TOML
     };
 
-    struct ParsedConfig
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC ParsedConfig
     {
         nlohmann::json config = nlohmann::json::object();
         SupportedLanguages originallySpecifiedAs{SupportedLanguages::JSON};
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ namespace json
      * declare keys read manually.
      *
      */
-    class TracingJSON
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC TracingJSON
     {
     public:
         TracingJSON();
@@ -208,8 +209,8 @@ namespace json
             traceFurther);
     }
 
-    nlohmann::json tomlToJson(toml::value const &val);
-    toml::value jsonToToml(nlohmann::json const &val);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC nlohmann::json tomlToJson(toml::value const &val);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC toml::value jsonToToml(nlohmann::json const &val);
 
     /**
      * Check if options points to a file (indicated by an '@' for the first
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ namespace json
      *        recursively to keys and values, except for some hardcoded places
      *        that should be left untouched.
      */
-    ParsedConfig parseOptions(
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC ParsedConfig parseOptions(
         std::string const &options,
         bool considerFiles,
         bool convertLowercase = true);
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ namespace json
     /**
      * Parallel version of parseOptions(). MPI-collective.
      */
-    ParsedConfig parseOptions(
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC ParsedConfig parseOptions(
         std::string const &options,
         MPI_Comm comm,
         bool considerFiles,
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ namespace json
      * This helps us forward configurations from these locations to ADIOS2
      * "as-is".
      */
-    nlohmann::json &lowerCase(nlohmann::json &);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC nlohmann::json &lowerCase(nlohmann::json &);
 
     /**
      * Read a JSON literal as a string.
@@ -259,12 +260,14 @@ namespace json
      * If it is a bool, convert it to either "0" or "1".
      * If it is not a literal, return an empty option.
      */
-    std::optional<std::string> asStringDynamic(nlohmann::json const &);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::optional<std::string>
+    asStringDynamic(nlohmann::json const &);
 
     /**
      * Like asStringDynamic(), but convert the string to lowercase afterwards.
      */
-    std::optional<std::string> asLowerCaseStringDynamic(nlohmann::json const &);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::optional<std::string>
+    asLowerCaseStringDynamic(nlohmann::json const &);
 
     /**
      * Vector containing the lower-case keys to the single backends'
@@ -279,21 +282,21 @@ namespace json
      * single backends).
      * If any unread value persists, a warning is printed to stderr.
      */
-    void warnGlobalUnusedOptions(TracingJSON const &config);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC void warnGlobalUnusedOptions(TracingJSON const &config);
 
     /**
      * Like merge() as defined in JSON.hpp, but this overload works directly
      * on nlohmann::json values.
      */
-    nlohmann::json &merge_internal(
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC nlohmann::json &merge_internal(
         nlohmann::json &defaultVal,
         nlohmann::json const &overwrite,
         bool do_prune);
 
-    nlohmann::json &filterByTemplate(
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC nlohmann::json &filterByTemplate(
         nlohmann::json &defaultVal, nlohmann::json const &positiveMask);
 
     template <typename toml_t>
-    std::string format_toml(toml_t &&);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string format_toml(toml_t &&);
 } // namespace json
 } // namespace openPMD
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Memory.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Memory.hpp
index 75199f0985..8202a7eefd 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Memory.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Memory.hpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * A buffer for the WRITE_DATASET task that can either be a std::shared_ptr
      * or a std::unique_ptr.
      */
-    struct WriteBuffer
+    struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC WriteBuffer
     {
         using EligibleTypes = std::
             variant<std::shared_ptr<void const>, UniquePtrWithLambda<void>>;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OneDimensionalBlockSlicer.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OneDimensionalBlockSlicer.hpp
index 79fb68dcdf..6c90fafc69 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OneDimensionalBlockSlicer.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OneDimensionalBlockSlicer.hpp
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
 
 #include "openPMD/Dataset.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/BlockSlicer.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 namespace openPMD::auxiliary
 {
-class OneDimensionalBlockSlicer : public BlockSlicer
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC OneDimensionalBlockSlicer : public BlockSlicer
 {
 public:
     Extent::value_type m_dim;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OutOfRangeMsg.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OutOfRangeMsg.hpp
index 30d6cf0763..62cd74801f 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OutOfRangeMsg.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/OutOfRangeMsg.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * Build an error string for write-access of keys into containers that
      * are read-only.
      */
-    class OutOfRangeMsg
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC OutOfRangeMsg
     {
         std::string m_name;
         std::string m_description;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/UniquePtr.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/UniquePtr.hpp
index 87f3261b45..c9e87a460b 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/UniquePtr.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/UniquePtr.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * @tparam T The to-be-deleted type, possibly an array.
      */
     template <typename T>
-    class CustomDelete : public std::function<void(std::remove_extent_t<T> *)>
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC CustomDelete
+        : public std::function<void(std::remove_extent_t<T> *)>
     {
     private:
         using T_decayed = std::remove_extent_t<T>;
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
  * @tparam T The pointer type, as in std::unique_ptr.
  */
 template <typename T>
-class UniquePtrWithLambda
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC UniquePtrWithLambda
     : public std::unique_ptr<
           T,
           /* Deleter = */ auxiliary::CustomDelete<T>>
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp
index e5d82a20b1..ce16e8f284 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include <any>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ namespace auxiliary
      * stored.
      */
     template <class T_DTYPES, typename... variant_types>
-    class Variant
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Variant
     {
         static_assert(
             std::is_enum<T_DTYPES>::value,
diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc698cb653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 Fabian Koller, Axel Huebl
+ *
+ * This file is part of openPMD-api.
+ *
+ * openPMD-api is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of of either the GNU General Public License or
+ * the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * openPMD-api is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * and the GNU Lesser General Public License along with openPMD-api.
+ * If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+/** @{
+ * Define the compiler-specific attribute for symbol visibility.
+ *
+ * Added to the symbols of the public API.
+ * Needs to be used as qualifier for all publicly exposed, compiled
+ * functionality.
+ */
+#if defined(openPMD_HAVE_SYMBOLHIDING)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if defined(OPENPMD_BUILDPHASE)
+#define OPENPMD_PUBLIC __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define OPENPMD_PUBLIC __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+#else
+#define OPENPMD_PUBLIC __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#endif
+#else
+#define OPENPMD_PUBLIC
+#endif
+//! @}
+
+/** @{
+ * Pre-defines for externally defined declarations that will be visible in our
+ * public API, e.g. from STL containers.
+ */
+#if defined(OPENPMD_BUILDPHASE)
+#define OPENPMD_EXTERN
+#else
+#define OPENPMD_EXTERN extern
+#endif
+//! @}
+
+// C++ std-lib used in public APIs
+//   note: this means one needs to run with the same stdlib
+//         as one compiled with
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+// std::string
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<char>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::char_traits<char>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLICstd::basic_string<char>;
+
+// std::vector< T >
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<std::uint64_t>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<float>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<double>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<long double>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<std::string>;
+
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<std::uint64_t>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<float>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<double>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<long double>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<std::string>;
+#endif
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp
index d34d5bb48f..070025d057 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/IO/AbstractIOHandler.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/ThrowError.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/OutOfRangeMsg.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Writable.hpp"
 
@@ -100,7 +101,8 @@ namespace internal
      * implement them.
      */
 
-    class AttributableData : public std::shared_ptr<SharedAttributableData>
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC AttributableData
+        : public std::shared_ptr<SharedAttributableData>
     {
         friend class openPMD::Attributable;
 
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ namespace debug
  * Mandatory and user-defined Attributes and their data for every object in the
  * openPMD hierarchy are stored and managed through this class.
  */
-class Attributable
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Attributable
 {
     // @todo remove unnecessary friend (wew that sounds bitter)
     using A_MAP = std::map<std::string, Attribute>;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp
index 216528204a..7b8f2c8818 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/Attribute.hpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 // comment to prevent clang-format from moving this #include up
 // datatype macros may be included and un-included in other headers
 #include "openPMD/DatatypeMacros.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ namespace openPMD
 
 #define OPENPMD_ENUMERATE_TYPES(type) , type
 
-class Attribute
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Attribute
     : public auxiliary::Variant<Datatype OPENPMD_FOREACH_DATATYPE(
           OPENPMD_ENUMERATE_TYPES)>
 
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp
index edb8ae5f8a..33705b8e3d 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/UnitDimension.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/Variant.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Container.hpp"
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ namespace internal
          * declarations at this place, so we specify the data class explicitly
          */
         typename T_RecordComponentData = typename T_elem::Data_t>
-    class BaseRecordData final
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC BaseRecordData final
         : public ContainerData<T_elem>
         , public T_RecordComponentData
     {
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ namespace internal
         typename T_BaseRecord_,
         typename T_BaseRecordData_,
         typename T_BaseIterator>
-    class ScalarIterator
+    class OPENPMD_PUBLIC ScalarIterator
     {
         /*
          * Allow other template instantiations of ScalarIterators member access.
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ namespace internal
  * @tparam T_elem
  */
 template <typename T_elem>
-class BaseRecord
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC BaseRecord
     : public Container<T_elem>
     , public T_elem // T_RecordComponent
 {
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp
index a871d67bcf..5ced40f8c2 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/ChunkInfo.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/Dataset.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/Error.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 
 #include <optional>
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ namespace internal
 template <typename>
 class BaseRecord;
 
-class BaseRecordComponent : virtual public Attributable
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC BaseRecordComponent : virtual public Attributable
 {
     template <typename T, typename T_key, typename T_container>
     friend class Container;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/Container.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/Container.hpp
index afe0b25cc6..2ae3f0eef9 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/Container.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/Container.hpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "openPMD/Error.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/IO/Access.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 
 #include <initializer_list>
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ template <
     typename T,
     typename T_key = std::string,
     typename T_container = std::map<T_key, T>>
-class Container : virtual public Attributable
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Container : virtual public Attributable
 {
     static_assert(
         std::is_base_of<Attributable, T>::value,
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp
index d05163d754..1ab7a492ce 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace internal
     class BaseRecordData;
 }
 
-class MeshRecordComponent : public RecordComponent
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC MeshRecordComponent : public RecordComponent
 {
     template <typename T, typename T_key, typename T_container>
     friend class Container;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecord.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecord.hpp
index 7f488ec92f..e37191850c 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecord.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecord.hpp
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp"
 
 #include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
 
 namespace openPMD
 {
-class PatchRecord : public BaseRecord<PatchRecordComponent>
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC PatchRecord : public BaseRecord<PatchRecordComponent>
 {
     friend class Container<PatchRecord>;
     friend class ParticleSpecies;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp
index 5c0cf6bfe7..b3dd414012 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "openPMD/Error.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/RecordComponent.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/auxiliary/ShareRawInternal.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecordComponent.hpp"
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace openPMD
 /**
  * @todo add support for constant patch record components
  */
-class PatchRecordComponent : public RecordComponent
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC PatchRecordComponent : public RecordComponent
 {
     template <typename T, typename T_key, typename T_container>
     friend class Container;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/helper/list_series.hpp b/include/openPMD/helper/list_series.hpp
index de0d5aca40..ea6155ef07 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/helper/list_series.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/helper/list_series.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/Series.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <ostream>
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ namespace helper
      * @return reference to out as output stream, e.g. to pass the stream on via
      * `operator<<`
      */
-    std::ostream &listSeries(
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::ostream &listSeries(
         Series &series,
         bool const longer = false,
         std::ostream &out = std::cout);
diff --git a/include/openPMD/snapshots/ContainerTraits.hpp b/include/openPMD/snapshots/ContainerTraits.hpp
index 25e3afc479..3c174f8aa2 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/snapshots/ContainerTraits.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/snapshots/ContainerTraits.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/Iteration.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/snapshots/IteratorTraits.hpp"
 #include <optional>
 #include <utility>
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  *  Iterator type that can wrap different implementations internally.
  */
 template <typename value_type_in>
-class OpaqueSeriesIterator
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC OpaqueSeriesIterator
     : public AbstractSeriesIterator<
           OpaqueSeriesIterator<value_type_in>,
           value_type_in>
diff --git a/include/openPMD/snapshots/IteratorTraits.hpp b/include/openPMD/snapshots/IteratorTraits.hpp
index f44f3c25b1..d488045bef 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/snapshots/IteratorTraits.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/snapshots/IteratorTraits.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "openPMD/Iteration.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Writable.hpp"
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ namespace openPMD
 template <
     typename value_type =
         Container<Iteration, Iteration::IterationIndex_t>::value_type>
-class DynamicSeriesIterator
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC DynamicSeriesIterator
 {
 public:
     using difference_type = Iteration::IterationIndex_t;
@@ -89,7 +90,8 @@ class DynamicSeriesIterator
 template <
     typename ChildClass,
     typename value_type_in = typename ChildClass::value_type>
-class AbstractSeriesIterator : public DynamicSeriesIterator<value_type_in>
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC AbstractSeriesIterator
+    : public DynamicSeriesIterator<value_type_in>
 {
 public:
     using difference_type = Iteration::IterationIndex_t;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/snapshots/Snapshots.hpp b/include/openPMD/snapshots/Snapshots.hpp
index e1954e7b92..edeb05acaf 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/snapshots/Snapshots.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/snapshots/Snapshots.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/snapshots/ContainerTraits.hpp"
 #include <memory>
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  * an Iteration handle goes invalid after closing it, a new Iteration handle is
  * acquired by Snapshots::operator[]().
  */
-class Snapshots : public Attributable
+class OPENPMD_PUBLIC Snapshots : public Attributable
 {
 private:
     friend class Series;
diff --git a/include/openPMD/version.hpp b/include/openPMD/version.hpp
index 9b27d35caf..0f36ddef70 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/version.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/version.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
+
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ namespace openPMD
  *
  * @return std::string API version (dot separated)
  */
-std::string getVersion();
+std::string OPENPMD_PUBLIC getVersion();
 
 /** Return the maximum supported version of the openPMD standard (read & write,
  * run-time)
@@ -89,40 +91,41 @@ std::string getVersion();
 [[deprecated(
     "Deprecated due to unclear semantics. Use one of getStandardMinimum, "
     "getStandardMaximum() or getStandardDefault instead.")]] std::string
-getStandard();
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC
+    getStandard();
 
 /** Return the default used version of the openPMD standard (read & write,
  * run-time)
  *
  * @return std::string openPMD standard version (dot separated)
  */
-std::string getStandardDefault();
+std::string OPENPMD_PUBLIC getStandardDefault();
 
 /** Return the minimum supported version of the openPMD standard (read,
  * run-time)
  *
  * @return std::string minimum openPMD standard version (dot separated)
  */
-std::string getStandardMinimum();
+std::string OPENPMD_PUBLIC getStandardMinimum();
 
 /** Return the minimum supported version of the openPMD standard (read,
  * run-time)
  *
  * @return std::string minimum openPMD standard version (dot separated)
  */
-std::string getStandardMaximum();
+std::string OPENPMD_PUBLIC getStandardMaximum();
 
 /** Return the feature variants of the openPMD-api library (run-time)
  *
  * @return std::map< std::string, bool > with variants such as backends
  */
-std::map<std::string, bool> getVariants();
+std::map<std::string, bool> OPENPMD_PUBLIC getVariants();
 
 /** Return the file extensions supported in this variant of the openPMD-api
  * library (run-time)
  *
  * @return std::vector< std::string > with file extensions
  */
-std::vector<std::string> getFileExtensions();
+std::vector<std::string> OPENPMD_PUBLIC getFileExtensions();
 
 } // namespace openPMD
diff --git a/src/auxiliary/JSON.cpp b/src/auxiliary/JSON.cpp
index e5c885a9f1..89b6099795 100644
--- a/src/auxiliary/JSON.cpp
+++ b/src/auxiliary/JSON.cpp
@@ -839,6 +839,6 @@ std::string format_toml(toml_t &&val)
 
 #endif
 
-template std::string format_toml(toml::value &&);
-template std::string format_toml(toml::value &);
+template OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string format_toml(toml::value &&);
+template OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::string format_toml(toml::value &);
 } // namespace openPMD::json
diff --git a/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp b/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
index 9467701a2a..d3a717569a 100644
--- a/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
  * If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 #include "openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp"
+#include "openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/MeshRecordComponent.hpp"
 #include "openPMD/backend/PatchRecordComponent.hpp"
 

From 169f20bb6e0aab210b04d6e21a1bf4e45ee813f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Franz=20P=C3=B6schel?= <franz.poeschel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 13:29:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Fixes for Python bindings

---
 include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp | 2 +-
 include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp
index 070025d057..1484883cb4 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/Attributable.hpp
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ namespace internal
      * MeshRecordComponent, Mesh, Record, ParticleSpecies, Iteration.
      */
     template <typename T>
-    T &makeOwning(T &self, Series);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC T &makeOwning(T &self, Series);
 } // namespace internal
 
 namespace debug
diff --git a/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp b/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp
index 33705b8e3d..110cfa7111 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/backend/BaseRecord.hpp
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ namespace detail
         "records. Use the Record directly as a RecordComponent.";
 
     template <typename BaseRecord>
-    void verifyNonscalar(BaseRecord *self);
+    OPENPMD_PUBLIC void verifyNonscalar(BaseRecord *self);
 } // namespace detail
 
 template <typename T_elem>

From 3533764672cae92143e70eaa3bfe6983670d6643 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Franz=20P=C3=B6schel?= <franz.poeschel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 13:41:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Fix clang builds

---
 src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp | 20 +++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp b/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
index d3a717569a..7bf689db2c 100644
--- a/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
@@ -171,20 +171,23 @@ namespace internal
         return !operator==(other);
     }
 
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wattributes"
+
 #define INSTANTIATE_ITERATORS_FOR_BASERECORD(baserecordtype)                   \
-    template class internal::ScalarIterator<                                   \
+    template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC internal::ScalarIterator<                    \
         baserecordtype,                                                        \
         baserecordtype::Data_t,                                                \
         baserecordtype::T_Container::InternalContainer::iterator>;             \
-    template class internal::ScalarIterator<                                   \
+    template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC internal::ScalarIterator<                    \
         baserecordtype const,                                                  \
         baserecordtype::Data_t const,                                          \
         baserecordtype::T_Container::InternalContainer::const_iterator>;       \
-    template class internal::ScalarIterator<                                   \
+    template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC internal::ScalarIterator<                    \
         baserecordtype,                                                        \
         baserecordtype::Data_t,                                                \
         baserecordtype::T_Container::InternalContainer::reverse_iterator>;     \
-    template class internal::ScalarIterator<                                   \
+    template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC internal::ScalarIterator<                    \
         baserecordtype const,                                                  \
         baserecordtype::Data_t const,                                          \
         baserecordtype::T_Container::InternalContainer::                       \
@@ -196,6 +199,8 @@ namespace internal
     OPENPMD_FORALL_RECORDCOMPONENT_TYPES(OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE)
 
 #undef OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
 } // namespace internal
 
 template <typename T_elem>
@@ -869,8 +874,13 @@ void BaseRecord<T_elem>::eraseScalar()
 template <typename T_elem>
 BaseRecord<T_elem>::~BaseRecord() = default;
 
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wattributes"
+
 #define OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE(recordcomponenttype)                               \
-    template class BaseRecord<recordcomponenttype>;
+    template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC BaseRecord<recordcomponenttype>;
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
 
 OPENPMD_FORALL_RECORDCOMPONENT_TYPES(OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE)
 

From 66ee7fdbea4593de73d1f89bbef240e9ae35b533 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Franz=20P=C3=B6schel?= <franz.poeschel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 14:22:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Fix syntax error on Windows

---
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
index bc698cb653..c443f6d0a9 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 // std::string
 OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<char>;
 OPENPMD_EXTERN template struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::char_traits<char>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLICstd::basic_string<char>;
+OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::basic_string<char>;
 
 // std::vector< T >
 OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<std::uint64_t>;

From aa485bb0bd0a44f8b63f7c038063e5a49da2f72c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Franz=20P=C3=B6schel?= <franz.poeschel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 14:23:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Remove Windows reexport block

---
 include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp | 23 -----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
index c443f6d0a9..2ccf8b24ee 100644
--- a/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
+++ b/include/openPMD/auxiliary/Visibility.hpp
@@ -57,26 +57,3 @@
 #define OPENPMD_EXTERN extern
 #endif
 //! @}
-
-// C++ std-lib used in public APIs
-//   note: this means one needs to run with the same stdlib
-//         as one compiled with
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-// std::string
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<char>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template struct OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::char_traits<char>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::basic_string<char>;
-
-// std::vector< T >
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<std::uint64_t>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<float>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<double>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<long double>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::allocator<std::string>;
-
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<std::uint64_t>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<float>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<double>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<long double>;
-OPENPMD_EXTERN template class OPENPMD_PUBLIC std::vector<std::string>;
-#endif

From 6102d1b3aee883988aa08a665ea386626eac3eb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Franz=20P=C3=B6schel?= <franz.poeschel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 14:37:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Fix Python on Clang

---
 src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp b/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
index 7bf689db2c..e8bbed073b 100644
--- a/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/BaseRecord.cpp
@@ -628,13 +628,17 @@ namespace detail
 // Needed for clang-tidy
 #define OPENPMD_APPLY_TEMPLATE(template_, type) template_<type>
 
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wattributes"
+
 #define OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE(recordcomponenttype)                               \
-    template void                                                              \
+    template OPENPMD_PUBLIC void                                               \
     verifyNonscalar<OPENPMD_APPLY_TEMPLATE(BaseRecord, recordcomponenttype)>(  \
         BaseRecord<recordcomponenttype> *);
     OPENPMD_FORALL_RECORDCOMPONENT_TYPES(OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE)
 #undef OPENPMD_INSTANTIATE
 #undef OPENPMD_APPLY_TEMPLATE
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
 } // namespace detail
 
 template <typename T_elem>