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Address security feedback: improve fromPubkey comments, enhance private key warnings, add concurrency safety warnings
Co-authored-by: 0xrinegade <[email protected]>
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‎SECURITY.md‎

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# Security Best Practices for SVM-Pay
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This document outlines security best practices for using SVM-Pay in development and production environments.
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## 🔐 Private Key Security
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### Critical Issues Addressed
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The SVM-Pay codebase has been enhanced to address security concerns around private key handling:
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1. **fromPubkey Placeholder Usage**: Clear documentation prevents wallet confusion
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2. **Private Key Storage**: Enhanced warnings and environment variable recommendations
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3. **Concurrency Safety**: Warnings about in-memory store limitations for production
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### Recommended Security Practices
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#### 1. Environment Variables (Recommended)
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```bash
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# Set environment variables for secure key storage
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export SVM_PAY_PRIVATE_KEY="your-private-key-here"
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export SVM_PAY_API_KEY="your-openrouter-api-key"
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export SVM_PAY_ENCRYPTION_KEY="your-custom-encryption-key"
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```
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Environment variables take precedence over config files and are more secure.
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#### 2. Hardware Wallets (Production)
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For production use, integrate with hardware wallets:
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- Ledger
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- Trezor
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- Hardware Security Modules (HSMs)
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#### 3. Key Management Services
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For enterprise deployments:
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- AWS Key Management Service (KMS)
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- HashiCorp Vault
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- Azure Key Vault
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- Google Cloud KMS
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#### 4. Encrypted Storage
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The payment history supports encryption:
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```typescript
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import { setEncryptionEnabled } from './src/cli/utils/history';
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// Enable encryption for payment history
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setEncryptionEnabled(true);
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```
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## ⚠️ Placeholder Usage Warning
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### fromPubkey Placeholders
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In the network adapters, you'll see placeholder public keys like `'11111111111111111111111111111111'`. These are intentional and serve important purposes:
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```typescript
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// This is CORRECT - placeholder will be replaced by wallet
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const transferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
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fromPubkey: new PublicKey('11111111111111111111111111111111'), // PLACEHOLDER
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toPubkey: recipientPubkey,
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lamports: amount,
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});
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```
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**Why placeholders are used:**
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- Prevents wallet confusion during transaction construction
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- Allows transaction structure validation without requiring the actual sender
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- Will be replaced with real wallet public key during signing process
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**When NOT to use placeholders:**
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- CLI direct transactions (where you have the private key)
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- Server-side transactions with known keypairs
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## 🏗️ Production Scaling Considerations
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### In-Memory Store Limitations
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The current `MemoryPaymentStore` has limitations:
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```typescript
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⚠️ CONCURRENCY & SCALING LIMITATIONS:
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- NO CONCURRENCY SAFETY: Multiple operations can cause data corruption
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- NO PERSISTENCE: Data lost on restart
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- NO SCALING: Single-process memory constraints
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- NO DISTRIBUTION: Cannot share across instances
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```
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### Recommended Production Alternatives
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1. **Database-Backed Store**
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```typescript
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class PostgreSQLPaymentStore implements PaymentStore {
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// Implement with proper transactions and concurrency control
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}
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```
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2. **Redis with Persistence**
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```typescript
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class RedisPaymentStore implements PaymentStore {
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// Implement with Redis transactions and AOF/RDB persistence
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}
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```
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3. **Microservice Architecture**
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- Dedicated payment storage service
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- Event sourcing for payment state changes
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- CQRS for read/write separation
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## 🚨 Security Warnings in Code
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The codebase now includes prominent security warnings:
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### Config File Warnings
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```
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🔐 CRITICAL SECURITY WARNING:
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═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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Private keys are being stored in PLAIN TEXT at: ~/.svm-pay/config.json
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This is EXTREMELY DANGEROUS in production environments!
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```
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### CLI Command Warnings
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- Setup command warns before storing private keys
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- Pay command shows security notices for config file usage
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- Force mode displays prominent danger warnings
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### Store Concurrency Warnings
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```
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⚠️ CONCURRENCY WARNING: Multiple concurrent operations detected
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This can lead to data corruption. Consider upgrading to a database-backed store.
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```
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## 🛡️ Implementation Checklist
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For production deployment, ensure:
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- [ ] Private keys stored in secure key management system
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- [ ] Environment variables used instead of config files
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- [ ] Database-backed payment store implemented
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- [ ] Proper transaction handling with ACID properties
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- [ ] Audit logging for all payment operations
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- [ ] Rate limiting and request validation
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- [ ] Network security (TLS, VPNs, firewalls)
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- [ ] Regular security audits and penetration testing
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## 📞 Security Support
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For security-related questions or to report vulnerabilities:
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- Create a security-focused GitHub issue
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- Follow responsible disclosure practices
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- Consider the impact before public disclosure
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Remember: **Security is not optional for financial applications!**

‎src/cli/commands/pay.ts‎

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@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ export const payCommand = new Command('pay')
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const config = loadConfig();
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// Security warning for private key usage
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if (config.privateKey && !process.env.SVM_PAY_PRIVATE_KEY) {
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console.warn('🔐 SECURITY NOTICE: Using private key from config file');
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console.warn('Consider using SVM_PAY_PRIVATE_KEY environment variable instead\n');
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}
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// Validate required configuration
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if (!validateConfig(config, ['privateKey'])) {
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process.exit(1);

‎src/cli/commands/setup.ts‎

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// Update private key if provided
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if (options.privateKey) {
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console.warn('\n🔐 SECURITY ALERT: You are about to store a private key!');
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console.warn('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════');
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console.warn('This key will be stored in plain text on your file system.');
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console.warn('Consider using environment variables instead for better security.');
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console.warn('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════\n');
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console.log('Validating private key...');
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try {
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const keypair = createKeypairFromPrivateKey(options.privateKey);

‎src/cli/utils/config.ts‎

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@@ -68,12 +68,23 @@ export function saveConfig(config: SVMPayConfig): void {
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// Show security warning when saving private keys to file
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if (config.privateKey) {
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console.warn('\n🔐 SECURITY WARNING:');
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console.warn('Private keys are being stored in plain text at:', CONFIG_FILE);
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console.warn('For better security, consider using environment variables:');
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console.warn(' export SVM_PAY_PRIVATE_KEY="your-private-key"');
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console.warn(' export SVM_PAY_API_KEY="your-api-key"');
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console.warn('Environment variables take precedence over config file.\n');
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console.warn('\n🔐 CRITICAL SECURITY WARNING:');
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console.warn('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════');
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console.warn('Private keys are being stored in PLAIN TEXT at:', CONFIG_FILE);
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console.warn('This is EXTREMELY DANGEROUS in production environments!');
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console.warn('');
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console.warn('RECOMMENDED SECURE ALTERNATIVES:');
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console.warn('1. Environment variables (recommended for development):');
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console.warn(' export SVM_PAY_PRIVATE_KEY="your-private-key"');
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console.warn(' export SVM_PAY_API_KEY="your-api-key"');
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console.warn('');
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console.warn('2. Hardware wallets (recommended for production)');
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console.warn('3. Key management services (AWS KMS, HashiCorp Vault, etc.)');
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console.warn('4. Encrypted key stores with proper access controls');
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console.warn('');
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console.warn('Environment variables ALWAYS take precedence over config files.');
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console.warn('Consider moving to secure key storage ASAP for any real usage!');
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console.warn('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════\n');
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}
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fs.writeFileSync(CONFIG_FILE, JSON.stringify(config, null, 2));

‎src/cli/utils/solana.ts‎

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const toPublicKey = new PublicKey(recipientAddress);
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// Create transfer instruction
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// NOTE: Using actual keypair public key (not placeholder) since this is a direct CLI transaction
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// where we have the private key and can determine the actual sender address
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const transferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
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fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
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fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey, // ACTUAL wallet pubkey from provided private key
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toPubkey: toPublicKey,
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lamports: Math.floor(amount * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL)
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});

‎src/core/transaction-handler.ts‎

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*/
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import { NetworkAdapter, PaymentRecord, PaymentStatus, SVMNetwork, TransactionRequest, RequestType, TransferRequest } from './types';
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import { generateReference } from './reference';
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/**
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* Payment store interface for persisting payment records
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/**
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* In-memory payment store implementation
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*
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* ⚠️ CONCURRENCY & SCALING LIMITATIONS:
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* This in-memory store is NOT suitable for production use beyond demos due to:
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*
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* 1. NO CONCURRENCY SAFETY: Multiple concurrent operations can cause data corruption
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* 2. NO PERSISTENCE: Data is lost when the process restarts
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* 3. NO SCALING: Limited by single-process memory constraints
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* 4. NO DISTRIBUTION: Cannot share data across multiple instances
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*
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* FOR PRODUCTION USE, REPLACE WITH:
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* - Database-backed store (PostgreSQL, MongoDB, etc.)
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* - Distributed cache with persistence (Redis with AOF/RDB)
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* - Transaction-safe storage with proper locking mechanisms
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* - Microservice architecture with dedicated payment storage service
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*/
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class MemoryPaymentStore implements PaymentStore {
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private payments = new Map<string, PaymentRecord>();
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// Track concurrent operations to warn about potential issues
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private activeOperations = 0;
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async save(record: PaymentRecord): Promise<void> {
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this.payments.set(record.id, { ...record });
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this.activeOperations++;
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if (this.activeOperations > 1) {
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console.warn('⚠️ CONCURRENCY WARNING: Multiple concurrent operations detected in MemoryPaymentStore');
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console.warn(' This can lead to data corruption. Consider upgrading to a database-backed store.');
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}
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try {
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this.payments.set(record.id, { ...record });
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} finally {
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this.activeOperations--;
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}
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}
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async load(id: string): Promise<PaymentRecord | null> {
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}
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async update(id: string, updates: Partial<PaymentRecord>): Promise<PaymentRecord> {
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const existing = this.payments.get(id);
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if (!existing) {
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throw new Error(`Payment record not found: ${id}`);
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this.activeOperations++;
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if (this.activeOperations > 1) {
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console.warn('⚠️ CONCURRENCY WARNING: Multiple concurrent operations detected in MemoryPaymentStore');
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console.warn(' This can lead to race conditions. Consider upgrading to a database with transactions.');
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}
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const updated = {
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...existing,
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...updates,
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updatedAt: Date.now()
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};
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this.payments.set(id, updated);
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return { ...updated };
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try {
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const existing = this.payments.get(id);
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if (!existing) {
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throw new Error(`Payment record not found: ${id}`);
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}
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const updated = {
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...existing,
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...updates,
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updatedAt: Date.now()
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};
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this.payments.set(id, updated);
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return { ...updated };
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} finally {
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this.activeOperations--;
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}
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}
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async delete(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
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) {
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this.networkAdapters = networkAdapters;
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this.paymentStore = paymentStore || new MemoryPaymentStore();
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// Warn about using in-memory store for anything beyond demos
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if (!paymentStore) {
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console.warn('\n⚠️ SCALING WARNING: Using in-memory payment store (demo only)');
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console.warn(' For production use, provide a persistent PaymentStore implementation');
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console.warn(' that supports concurrency, persistence, and proper scaling.\n');
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}
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}
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/**

‎src/network/solana.ts‎

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transaction.recentBlockhash = blockhash;
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// Create transfer instruction
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// NOTE: fromPubkey is intentionally set to a placeholder (11111111111111111111111111111111)
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// This MUST be replaced with the actual user's wallet public key when the transaction
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// is signed by the wallet. The placeholder ensures the transaction structure is correct
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// while allowing the wallet to inject the real sender address during signing.
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const transferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
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fromPubkey: new PublicKey('11111111111111111111111111111111'), // Placeholder - will be set by wallet
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fromPubkey: new PublicKey('11111111111111111111111111111111'), // PLACEHOLDER: Replace with actual wallet pubkey
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toPubkey: recipientPubkey,
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lamports: amount,
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});
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transaction.recentBlockhash = blockhash;
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// Add a placeholder instruction (in real implementation, parse from link)
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// NOTE: fromPubkey is intentionally set to a placeholder (11111111111111111111111111111111)
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// This MUST be replaced with the actual user's wallet public key when the transaction
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// is signed by the wallet. The placeholder prevents wallet confusion by clearly indicating
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// this field will be populated by the user's wallet during the signing process.
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const transferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
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fromPubkey: new PublicKey('11111111111111111111111111111111'), // Placeholder
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fromPubkey: new PublicKey('11111111111111111111111111111111'), // PLACEHOLDER: Replace with actual wallet pubkey
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toPubkey: new PublicKey(request.recipient),
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lamports: LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, // Default 1 SOL
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});

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