Docker 29.0 enforces a minimum Engine API version of 1.44. Any client that still uses version 1.24 (like Traefik, apparently) receives this unexpected error.
Downgrading to version 28.x restores the previous behavior. To downgrade on Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS, you can e.g. run the following command:
apt-get install --yes --allow-downgrades \ docker-ce="5:28.5.2-1~ubuntu.24.04~noble" \ docker-ce-cli="5:28.5.2-1~ubuntu.24.04~noble" \ docker-ce-rootless-extras="5:28.5.2-1~ubuntu.24.04~noble" \ containerd.io \ docker-buildx-plugin \ docker-compose-plugin
lead to no cert being issue and 404 errors.
Hope this helps.