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&
~
'OAK RIDGE
NATIONAL
LABORATORY
MARTIN MARIETTA
- OPERATED BY
- MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
- FOR THE UNITED STATES
~ DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Z) IS7T -3 2SS0 0£ 20”-
5
. ORNL/TM-9780/V4
a
S . Y Te £t AP
"“f ;.f A P “\fiw—*
et g
Coveg OFiLM
Nuclear Power Options
Viability Study.
Volume IV,
Bibliography
D. B. Trauger
J. D. White
J. W. Sims
DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT i3 UNLIMITED
FAl
Printed in the United States of America. Available from
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS price codes—Printed Copy: Age Microfiche AQ1
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the
United States Government. Neither the U nited States Government nor any agency
thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or
assumes any iegal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
represents thatits use would notinfringe privately owned rights. Reference herein
to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its
endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the UInited States Government or
any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein dc not
necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency
thereof.
ORNL/TM-9780/V4
MASTER
~-9780/V4
NUCLEAR POWER OPTIONS VIABILITY STUDY ~ ORNL/TH-"9780/
VOLUMEYV, DE87 001614
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Editors:
D. B. Trauger
J. D. White
J. W. Sims
Date Published - September 1986
Prepared for the
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy
U.S. Department of Energy
Prepared by the
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
operated by
MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
for the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
under Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400
(P
DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT 1S UNLIMITED
CONTENTS
Page
1N 2 R U 2V O N TP v
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ..ottt 1
1.2 SELECTION AND UTILIZATION OF
APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTS. ..ot 3
1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION....cccoiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiie o 3
2. ORGANIZATION AND RETRIEVAL ..ot 4
2.1 PHYSICAL COLLECTION. . ... i et 4
2.2 KEY WORDD S .. ittt ittt ittt e it e e e e e 4
2.3 COMPUTER SEARCHES. ...ttt ittt e e aaaaaes J
2.4 ASSISTANCE OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION..........coiiiiiiiniinns 5
3. KEYWORD LIS i it ittt ettt e e s e 5
4., KEYWORD INDEX .. i e i it 8
5. NUCLEAR OPTIONS CITATIONS .. i e 45
6. LIGHT WATER REACTORS CITATIONS ...t 81
7. LIQUID METAL REACTORS CITATIONS .....ovvviiviiiiiiiiinnnn 91
8. HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTORS CITATIONS .....ccooiiiiiiiiiiiiiinii 101
0. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...ttt ia st teieresranassaaaaaanns 109
10. REFERENCES ..ottt ittt ti ettt 109
i1
ABSTRACT
Documents in the Nuclear Power Options Viability Study (NPOVS) bibliography
are classified under one of four headings or categories as follows:
+ Nuclear Options,
e Light Water Reactors,
« Liquid Metal Reactors, and
e High Temperature Reactors.
The collection and selection of these documents, beginning early in 1984 and continuing
through March of 1986, was carried out in support of the study's objective: to explore the
viabilities of several nuclear electric power generation options for commercial deployment
in the United States between 2000 and 2010. There are approximately 550 articles, papers,
reports, and books in the bibliography that have been selected from some 2000 surveyed.
The citations have been made computer accessible to facilitate rapid on-line retrieval by
keyword, author, corporate author, title, journal name, or document number.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Nuclear Power Options Viability Study (NPOVS) was initiated at the beginning
of calendar year 1984 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The objective of
NPOVS was to explore the viabilities of several nuclear electric power generation options
for commercial deployment within the United States beginning in the 2000-2010 time
frame. Important efforts included the identification and development of criteria and
characteristics for evaluating new reactor concepts. Innovative concepts were identified
that may be marketable at the time when the demand for new electrical energy capacity is
expected to increase significantly. These concepts were considered and evaluated, with
respect to the criteria and with emphasis on cost, safety features, operability,
constructibility, regulation, research needs, and market acceptance. Nuclear reactors are
recognized as a vital resource to meet future energy demands.
The NPOVS proceeded in steps: (1) a literature search and development of a
bibliography; (2) development of criteria for evaluation of nuclear plant designs and plans;
(3) evaluation of selected design concepts using these criteria as a guide; and (4)
recommendations for areas of research and development (R&D) needed to reduce
uncertainties in the viabilities of options. The approach used in evaluation was to compile
detailed information on the various reactor concepts of interest, synthesize that information
in accordance with specific technical areas, develop an understanding of how design
features influence the overall cost of generating power, and consider how changes in the
design might accomplish improved economic performance and acceptance by regulators
and the public. In addition to technical evaluations, assessments were made of the various
nontechnical factors that influence commercial use such as regulatory requirements,
industry perspectives on future technologies, market acceptance, electric power growth
needs, and economic conditions.
The report of the NPOVS is organized into four volumes, as follows:
« Volume I, Executive Summary!
* Volume 1I, Reactor Concepts, Descriptions, and Assessments?
» Volume III, Nuclear Discipline Topics3
» Volume IV, Bibliography.
The evaluative criteria established in this study are as follows:
1. The calculated risk to the public due to accidents is less than or equal to the
calculated risk associated with the best modern LWRs.
2. The probability of events leading to loss of investment is less than or equal to 104
per year (based on plant costs).
3. The economic performance of the nuclear plant is at least equivalent to that for coal-
fired plants. (Financial goals for the utility are met, and busbar costs are acceptable
to the public utility commissions.)
4. The design of each plant is complete enough for analysis to show that the
probability of significant cost/schedule overruns is acceptably low.
5. Official approval of a plant design must be given by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) to assure the investor and the public of a high probability that
the plant will be licensed on a timely basis if constructed in accordance with the
approved design.
6. For a new concept to become attractive in the marketplace, demonstration of its
readiness to be designed, built, and licensed and to begin operations on time and at
projected cost 1s necessary.
7. The design should include only those nuclear technologies for which the
prospective owner/operator has demonstrated competence or can acquire competent
managers and operators.
These criteria obviously are not independent since items 1 and 2 deal with the
probabilities for successful operation or failure, items 3 to 6 are primarily economic, and
item 7 relates to demonstrated operational experience. However, we deem each criterion to
have sufficient stand-alone merits to justify separate consideration.
The criteria are augmented by a list of characteristics that provide further guidance
for properties judged to be of importance to nuclear power viability. The characteristics
chosen are not as quantifiable or demonstrable as are the criteria and have been chosen to
include features that complement and amplify the criteria.
In selecting the concepts to be studied, three ground rules were used:
1. The nuclear plant design option should be developed sufficiently that an order could
be placed in the 2000-2010 time period.
2. The design option should be economically competitive with environmentally
acceptable coal-fired plants.
3. The design option should possess a high degree of passive safety to protect the
public health and property and the owner's investment. ("Passive safety" refers to
the reliance on natural physical laws and properties of materials to effect shutdown
and radioactive decay heat removal.)
The concepts selected are considered advanced and have various degrees of
innovation as compared to current concepts. For convenience, the selected concepts were
classified in the traditional way by their coolants and respective generic names. The
concepts selected are
1. Light-Water Reactors (LWRSs)
» PIUS (Process Inherent Ultimate Safety) - promoted by ASEA-ATOM of Sweden
« Small BWR (Boiling Water Reactor) - promoted by General Electric (GE)
2. Liquid Metal Reactors (LMRs)
e PRISM (Power Reactor Intrinsically Safe Module) - The GE advanced concept
supported by DOE
» SAFR (Sodium Advanced Fast Reactor) - The Rockwell International (RI)
advanced concept supported by DOE
« LSPB (Large-Scale Prototype Breeder) - The Electric Power Research Institute-
Consolidated Management Office (EPRI-CoMO) concept supported by EPRI and
DOE
3. High-Temperature Reactors (HTR)
» Side-by-Side Modular - The core and steam generator in separate steel vessels in a
side-by-side configuration. The concept is supported by DOE and promoted by
Gas-Cooled Reactor Associates (GCRA) and industrial firms.
1.2 SELECTION AND UTILIZATION OF APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTS
Information pertinent to the study was gathered by participants through discussions
with organizations in the nuclear field and by collecting appropriate documents from the
open literature. Discussions were held with 31 companies including reactor vendors,
architect-engineers, utility companies and utility associations, laboratories, institutions, and
universities. From the approximately 2,000 documents collected, some 550 were selected
for inclusion in the bibliography. The collection consists of journal articles, reports,
papers, presentations, and books covering Nuclear Options, Light Water Reactors, Liquid
Metal Reactors, and High Temperature Reactors.
The selected documents were assigned keywords, categorized, and cataloged
utilizing a computer. Current listings were distributed periodically to the NPOVS staff with
additions to the collection flagged for their attention. New documents with particular
relevance to the study or providing timely input were also routed to the concept leaders and
other appropriate members of the staff. In addition, staff members visited the physical
collection to access material pertinent to their area of the study. In these ways, the
document collection has been utilized extensively in the course of the study.
1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION
The types of documents in the collection range from newspaper clippings to books,
and their length varies from one to several hundred pages. Approximately 30% of the
documents are reprints of articles from journals such as Nuclear Engineering International,
Power Engineering, Electrical World, Energy Policy, Science and Public Policy, and
Technology Review. Reports and presentations produced by the 31 companies and
laboratories in the nuclear field and which were contacted by NPOVS staff comprise
another 20% of the collection. A wide spectrum of topics from broad overviews to
specific assessments are covered in the collection.
2. ORGANIZATION AND RETRIEVAL
2.1 PHYSICAL COLLECTION
The physical collection is arranged by NPOVS access number and is housed in the
NPOVS office at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. There are four major divisions:
» Nuclear Options,
* Light Water Reactors,
e Liquid Metal Reactors, and
¢ High Temperature Reactors.
Within these divisions, entries are listed by first author or corporate author. Each entry
includes in order: name(s) of author or corporate author; title; publication description;
corporate author(s); address of corporate author(s); publication date; NPOVS access code
(in parentheses); and keywords assigned (in parentheses at the end of the entry).
The documents are filed in a series of notebooks and file boxes numbered sequentially
under each major heading. The notebooks are divided into sections, and sections are
divided with a tab for each document.
Subjects of interest may be found by using the keyword index (Chapter 4) or referring
to the alphabetical listings by author presented in the four major classifications: Nuclear
Options (Chapter 5); Light Water Reactors (Chapter 6); Liquid Metal Reactors (Chapter 7);
and High Temperature Reactors (Chapter 8).
The NPOVS access code is an alphanumeric key to the physical location of the
document. The code consists of two or three letters followed by three sets of two-digit
numbers such as NO-03-02-05. The letters refer to the heading (NO = Nuclear
Options, LWR = Light Water Reactors, LMR = Liquid Metal Reactors, and HTR = High
Temperature Reactors). The first set of digits refers to the notebook number within the
heading, the second set of digits to the section within the notebook (when these digits are
preceded by the letter "B," the document is found in the appropriate file box rather than in a
notebook), and the third set of digits to the item number within the section. The
coding is illustrated below for NO-03-02-05.
NO = Nuclear Options
03 = Notebook No. 3 (or File Box No. 3 if coded "B03")
02 = Section No. 2 of the notebook
05 = Item No. 5 in the section.
2.2 KEYWORDS
The keywords selected and used in this collection are shown in Chapter 3,
Table 3.1.
To facilitate locating citations or documents by subject, a keyword index 1is
provided as Chapter 4. Please refer to Chapter 4 for details and instructions for utilizing
the keyword index.
2.3 COMPUTER SEARCHES
The bibliographic data base resides in the ORNL IBM 3033 mainframe computer
(System 2 on ORNL'S System Select Network) and is accessible to ORNL staff via a
search program called ORLLOOK. After log on and initialization of ORLOOK, the user
makes the following selections: “private” data base, named "NPOVS,"” and file
number "1."
Searches may be made of the fields <AUTHOR>, <TITLE>, <PUB DES>
(publication description), <CORPAUTH> (corporate author), and <KEYWORDS> or a
blanket search (covering all fields) might be made. A blanket search for, as an example,
"ASEA-ATOM" would produce citations where ASEA-ATOM is the author or corporate
author as well as citations where ASEA-ATOM is a part of the title.
Combination searches for a maximum of 4 words are also possible, thereby tailoring
the search to fit the needs of the user. For example, a search might be made for ‘costs’,
'international’, 'construction’. Combination searches limit the area searched and produce a
shorter list of citations.
For information on other search combinations and detailed information about
ORLOOK searches, please refer to ORNL-4951 (Rev. 1) by V. A. Singletary 4
Results of computer searches may be transmitted rapidly via the ITT DIALCOM
electronic mail network to ITT DIALCOM subscribers at DOE Headquarters.
2.4 ASSISTANCE OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
For assistance in using the collection or with computer searches contact
Jackie W. Sims, and for further information regarding the bibliography contact
Donald B. Trauger. Both may be reached at the following address and phone:
Nuclear Power Options Viability Study
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P. O. Box X, Building 4500-N, Room [-208
Oak Ridge, TN 37831
PHONE: (615) 576-6730 or FTS 626-6730.
3. KEYWORD LIST
An alphabetical listing of the keywords used in this bibliography is given in Table 3.1.
Acronyms used as keywords are defined in Table 3.2.
Table 3.1 Keywords used in NPOVS bibliography?
accidents
advanced reactors
air ingress
analysis
ANL
ASEA-ATOM
attitudes
availability factor
breeders
BWRs
CANDU
capacity
capacity factor
capital
CNSS
coal
codes
cogeneration
commercialization
construction
controls
Costs
decisions
demand
deployment
design
development
district heating
e£conomics
electrici
engineering
environment
EPRI
ERAB
fast reactors
financing
fission
fossil
France
fuel
fuel cycle
future
GAT
GCRA
GCRs
GE
Germany
graphite
Erowth
eat exchangers
HTRsb
human resources
IAEA
IFRs
innovation
INPO
instruments
international programs
Japan
labor
large reactors
licensing
LMRsb
loop
LWRs?
maintenance
management
markets
materials
metal fuel
Mitsubishi
modular reactors
MSRs
NASAP
NRC
nuclear options®
NUPAC Ig
OECD
operations
pebble bed
erformance
IUS
pool
prefabrication
priorities
project management
project organization
projections
proliferation
public acceptance
PWRs
pyrochemical
rates
recycling
regulation
reprocessing
requirements
research
resources
risk
Rockwell
safety
SECURE
shop fabrication
small reactors
standardization
steam generators
steam-cooled reactors
strategy
supply
Three Mile Island
utilities
waste
Westinghouse
dAcronyms are defined in Table 3.2.
bThe bibliographic citations are already sorted by heading as either Nuclear Options,
Liquid Metal Reactors, High Tempe
rature Reactors, or Light Water Reactors. Searches for these
keywords will generate those citations plus any under other headings utilizing the keyword. For
Example, a search for the keyword "HTRs
will generate all
e citations under the High
Temperature Reactors heading plus documents from other headings with HTRs as an assigned
keyword.
Table 3.2 Acronyms and definitions used in NPOVS bibliography
Acronym Definition
ANL Argonne National Laboratory
ASEA-ATOM Atomic division of ASEA, Vasteras, Sweden
BWRs Boiling Water Reactors
CANDU Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor
CNSS Consolidated Nuclear Steam Supply
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
ERAB Energy Research Advisory Board
GAT GA Technologies, Inc.
GCRA Gas-Cooled Reactor Associates
GCRs Gas-Cooled Reactors
GE General Electric Company
HTRs High Temperature Reactors
TAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IFRs Integral Fast Reactors
INPO Institute of Nuclear Power Operations
LMRs Liquid Metal Reactors
LWRs Light Water Reactors
MSRs Molten Salt Reactors
NASAP Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Programs
NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NUPACK Nuclear Package
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
PIUS Process Inherent Ultimate Safety
PWRs Pressurized Water Reactors
SECURE Selfprotecting, Eversubmerged Core, Utility Reactor
4. KEYWORD INDEX
In the index beginning on the following page, each keyword is listed alphabetically,
followed by an alphabetical list of the first author of document(s) assigned that keyword.
The NPOVS access code, an alphanumeric code for the physical location of the document
(see Section 2.1), follows the author’'s name. Multiple NPOVS access codes will appear
when there is more than one document with the same first author.
Once the NPOVS access code and the first author are determined, the complete
citation can be located by referring to the appropriate chapter indicated by the code, locating
the author, and then locating the specific code:
NO (Nuclear Options) = Chapter 5
LWR (Light Water Reactors) = Chapter 6
LMR (Liquid Metal Reactors) = Chapter 7
HTR (High Temperature Reactors) = Chapter 8
For retrieval of the document itself from the physical collection, the NPOVS access
code (as explained in Section 2.1) serves as an alphanumeric location guide.
. 9
Keyword Index
Vaughan, J. W. Jr. (NO-11-01-02)
Young, J. C. (LWR-01-01-09)
accidents
American Physical Society Study Group
(NO-17-03-01) . .
air ingress
Brandstetter, A. (HTR-03-03-12)
Burke, R. P. (LWR-B01-01-07)
Cherry, B. H. (NO-02-01-11)
Chexal, B. (LWR-05-01-09)
Combustion Engineering, Inc. (NO-08-
01-08)
Fassbender, J. A. et al. (HTR-03-03-13)
Fussell, J. B. (NO-B02-01-08)
Fussell, J. B. (NO-17-03-07)
Gray, O. E. III (LMR-03-01-05)
Haque, H. et al. (HTR-04-01-02)
Kasten, P. R. (HTR-03-03-15)
Lam, P. (LWR-06-02-06)
Lanning, D. D. (HTR-04-01-05)
Mattson, R. J. (NO-15-01-01)
Medwid, W. (HTR-04-01-08)
Moormann, R. (HTR-03-01-01)
Peters, K. (HTR-04-01-09)
Phung, D. L. (LWR-B01-01-05)
Rayner, S. (NO-17-02-03)
Rayner, S. (NO-17-02-04)
Savage, M. G. (HTR-B01-01-03)
Stevenson, J. D. (NO-13-01-02)
Sweeney, T. M. (HTR-04-01-13)
Tadmor, J. (NO-17-03-12)
Technology for Energy Corp. (NO-B05-
01-02)
Wald, M. J. (NO-17-02-08)
Young, J. C. (LWR-01-01-03)
advanced reactors
Babala, D. (LWR-06-02-01)
Braun, C. (NO-17-03-02)
Cole, T. E. (LWR-06-02-03)
Dircks, W. J. (NO-14-01-12)
Federal Register (NO-17-03-05)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(HTR-05-01-10)
Meyers, G. W. (LMR-03-01-07)
Olds, F. C. (NO-17-03-11)
Rytkonan, B. B. (LWR-02-01-08)
Speis, T. P. (NO-14-01-04)
Spiewak, I. (LWR-03-01-05)
Stahlkopf, K. E. (LWR-01-01-05)
Till, C. E. (LMR-03-01-13)
Trauger, D. B. (NO-17-03-15)
Trauger, D. B. (NO-17-03-18)
Ushio, S. (LWR-01-01-07)
Brandstetter, A. (HTR-03-03-12)
Moormann, R. (HTR-03-01-01)
analysis
ANL
Brandstetter, A. (HTR-03-03-12)
Braun, C. (NO-17-03-02)
Desert Research Institute (NO-06-01-09)
Fussell, J. B. (NO-17-03-07)
Keeney, R. L. (NO-07-01-09)
Medwid, W. (HTR-04-01-08)
Peters, K. (HTR-04-01-09)
Savage, M. G. (HTR-B01-01-03)
Sweeney, T. M. (HTR-04-01-13)
Anderson, C. A., Jr. (LMR-02-03-10)
Argonne National Laboratory (LMR-BO1-
01-04)
Argonne National Laboratory (LMR-01-
04-01)
Argonne National Laboratory (LMR-01-
04-02)
Argonne National Laboratory (LMR-02-
01-04)
Argonne National Laboratory (NO-06-
01-10)
Chicago, University of (LMR-03-01-02)
Kasten, P. R. (LMR-02-03-04)
Pelton, A. D. (LMR-03-02-06)
Till, C. (LMR-03-02-11)
Till, C. E. (LMR-03-01-13)
Walters, L. C. (LMR-03-01-14)
ASEA-ATOM
ASEA-ATOM (LWR-04-03-05)
Babala, D. (LWR-06-02-01)
Cole, T. E. (LWR-06-02-03)
Golay, M. W. (LWR-01-01-11)
Kasten, P. R. (LWR-02-01-01)
King, T. L. (LWR-06-01-04)
Pedersen, T. (LWR-06-01-05)
Pind, C. (LWR-06-01-06)
Pind, C. (LWR-06-01-07)
Skygge, C. (LWR-06-01-09)
Tiren, 1. (LWR-B01-01-01)
Ushio, S. (LWR-01-01-07)
Wilkins, D. R. (LWR-01-01-12)
Young, J. C. (LWR-01-01-03)
Young, J. C. (LWR-01-01-09)
10 »
Keyword Index
attitudes Southern States Energy Board, Oak Ridge
Anonymous (NO-13-01-03)
Arnold, W. H. (NO-03-01-10)
Arnott, D. (NO-09-02-04)
Atomic Industrial Forum (NO-13-01-13)
Barkenbus, J. N. (NO-B01-01-07)
Berton, L. (NO-14-01-01)
Brightsen, R. A. (NO-05-01-11)
Carnes, S. A. et al. (NO-B03-01-02)
Cherry, B. H. (NO-02-01-11)
Cook, d. (NO-03-01-12)
Doub, W. 0. (NO-04-01-01)
DuPont, R. L. (NO-02-02-21)
Edison Electric Institute (NO-15-02-11)
Ellwood, W. (NO-06-01-02)
Fells, I. (NO-05-01-12)
Firebaugh, M. W. (NO-02-01-09)
Fussell, J. B. (NO-B02-01-08)
Golay, M. W. (NO-03-01-07)
Greenberger, M. (NO-16-01-04)
Greenhalgh, G. (NO-16-01-06)
Grey, J. (ed.) (NO-B03-01-04)
Haefele, W. (NO-05-01-08)
Haefele, W. (NO-07-01-04)
Haefele, W. (NO-07-01-11)
Jackson, S. V. (NO-03-01-13)
Jones, E. G. (NO-17-01-01)
King, T. (NO-02-01-05)
Laue, H. J. (NO-09-03-02)
Lewins, et al. (NO-02-02-16)
Marshall, W. (NO-17-01-05)
Mayo, L. H., et al. (NO-10-01-02)
Mitchell, R. C. (NO-17-01-09)
Myers, R. (NO-01-01-15)
Netter, T. W. (NO-11-02-10)
Nucleonics Week (NO-13-01-06)
Office of Technology Assessment (NO-05-
01-03)
Ohanian, M. J. (NO-05-01-13)
Ohanian, M. J. (NO-08-01-06)
Phung, D. L. (NO-01-01-11)
Rayner, S. (NO-17-02-03)
Rayner, S. (NO-17-02-04)
Reekie, W. (NO-17-02-05)
Reynolds, M. (NO-13-01-08)
Rose, D. J. (NO-02-01-12)
Salisbury, D. F. (NO-05-01-05)
Salisbury, D. F. (NO-05-01-06)
Shapiro, 1. S. (NO-09-03-01)
Smart, I. (NO-07-01-06)
Sommers, P. (NO-01-01-06)
National Laboratory, and Energy Impact
Assoc., Inc. (NO-B01-01-03)
Starr, C. (NO-02-02-18)
Stoler, P. (NO-01-01-08)
Subrahmanyam, K. V. (NO-04-01-02)
The Energy Daily (NO-01-01-12)
Tschaeche, A. N. (NO-02-01-10)
Turnbull, P. W. (NO-17-02-07)
Turner, P. (NO-14-01-20)
U.S. Department of Commerce (NO-06-
01-04)
Weinberg, A. M., et al. (NO-B02-01-03)
Wilbanks, T. J. (NO-03-01-03)
Wolfe, B. (NO-01-01-13)
Zinberg, D. S. (NO-06-01-06)
availability factor
Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (NO-05-
01-02)
Hannerz, K. (LWR-05-01-01)
International Energy Associates Ltd.
(NO-16-02-02)
Miller, D. J. (HTR-05-01-08)
MPR Associates, Inc. (LWR-04-03-02)
breeders
Argonne National Laboratory (LMR-B01-
01-04)
Berke, C. et al. (LMR-03-01-01)
Chicago, University of (LMR-03-01-02)
Difransico, T. W. (LMR-03-02-02)
Driscoll, M. J. (LMR-03-01-04)
Electric Power Research Institute (LMR-
03-02-03)
Electric Power Research Institute (LMR-
03-02-10)
Garwin, R. L. (LMR-02-03-13)
Gray, O. E. III (LMR-03-01-05)
Hunt, S. E. (LMR-02-01-01)
Kasten, P. R. (NO-03-01-01)
Magnus, J. D. (LMR-03-02-05)
Myers, R. (LMR-02-03-02)
Ohanian, M. J., ed. (NO-B01-01-02)
Reynolds, M. (NO-13-01-08)
Shivley, J. M. (LMR-03-01-10)
Twichell, P. W. (LMR-03-02-09)
United Engineers and Constructors Inc.
(LMR-03-02-01}
Vaughan, J. W. Jr. (NO-11-01-02)
Wilcox, L. C. (LMR-03-01-15)
! 11
Keyword Index
BWRs Cozxe, R. L. Jr. (HTR-B01-01-02)
Bray, P. (NO-14-01-22)
Budwani, R. N. (NO-07-01-12)
Chexal, B. (LWR-05-01-09)
Drake, R. (NO-17-03-04)
Duncan, J. D. (LWR-02-01-07)
Forsberg, C. W. (LWR-02-01-05)
Forsberg, C. W. (LWR-06-02-04)
General Electric Company (LWR-05-
01-10)
Lam, P. (LWR-06-02-06)
Sawyer, C. D. (LWR-04-02-04)
Spiewak, I. (LWR-B01-01-07)
Spiewak, I. (LWR-03-01-05)
Technology for Energy Corp. (NO-B05-
01-02)
Trauger, D. B. (NO-17-03-15)
Ushio, S. (LWR-01-01-07)
Wilkins, D. R., et al. (LWR-05-01-05)
Young, J. C. (LWR-01-01-09)
CANDU
International Atomic Energy Agency
(NO-16-02-01)
Rippon, S. (NO-10-02-09)
capacity
Anonymous (NO-11-01-08f)
Argonne National Laboratory (NO-06-
01-10)
Brigham, E. F. (NO-11-01-08d)
Cavanaugh, H. A. (NO-03-01-09)
Chapel, S. W. (NO-B02-01-10)
Congressional Research Service (NO-13-
01-05)
Electrical World (NO-01-01-17)
Jackson, S. V. (NO-03-01-13)
Kaufman, A. (NO-08-01-04)
Lester, R. K. (NO-09-01-03)
Sutherland, R. J. et al. (NO-B02-01-07)
Trauger, D. B. (NO-17-03-17)
capacity factor
Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (NO-05-
01-02)
Lester, R. K. (NO-17-03-08)
capital
Bechtel National Inc. (HTR-05-01-01)
Bradshaw, D. T. (NO-18-01-02)
Braun, C. (NO-18-01-01)
coal
Energy Impact Associates Inc. for the
Southern States Energy Board (NO-B03-
01-03)
Energy Impact Associates Inc. for the
Southern States Energy Board (NO-B03-
01-11)
The Energy Daily (NO-01-01-09)