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📊 Pico

How to read this report:

  • Table rows correspond to security regimes
  • Table columns correspond to proof system components
  • Cells show bits of security per component
  • Proof size estimates are indicative (1 KiB = 1024 bytes)

zkVM Overview

Metric Value Relevant circuit Notes
Final proof size (worst case) 281 KiB embed
Final bits of security 53 bits riscv Regime: JBR

Circuits

riscv

Parameters:

  • Polynomial commitment scheme: FRI
  • Hash size (bits): 248
  • Number of queries: 84
  • Grinding query phase (bits): 16
  • Field: KoalaBear⁴
  • Rate (ρ): 0.5
  • Trace length (H): $2^{22}$
  • FRI rounds: 22
  • FRI folding factors: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
  • FRI early stop degree: 2
  • Number of constraints: 4729
  • Batch size: 1435
  • Batching: Powers
  • Lookup (logup): alu
  • Lookup (logup): byte
  • Lookup (logup): global_type
  • Lookup (logup): memory
  • Lookup (logup): poseidon2
  • Lookup (logup): program
  • Lookup (logup): syscall

Proof Size: 2225 KiB (expected) / 2583 KiB (worst case)

regime total alu byte global_type memory poseidon2 program syscall ALI DEEP batching commit round 1 commit round 10 commit round 11 commit round 12 commit round 13 commit round 14 commit round 15 commit round 16 commit round 17 commit round 18 commit round 19 commit round 2 commit round 20 commit round 21 commit round 22 commit round 3 commit round 4 commit round 5 commit round 6 commit round 7 commit round 8 commit round 9 query phase
UDR 50 93 92 96 93 94 95 99 111 99 92 103 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 104 122 122 123 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 50
JBR 53 93 92 96 93 94 95 99 106 95 65 76 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 77 95 96 97 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 53

convert

Parameters:

  • Polynomial commitment scheme: FRI
  • Hash size (bits): 248
  • Number of queries: 84
  • Grinding query phase (bits): 16
  • Field: KoalaBear⁴
  • Rate (ρ): 0.5
  • Trace length (H): $2^{20}$
  • FRI rounds: 20
  • FRI folding factors: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
  • FRI early stop degree: 2
  • Number of constraints: 323
  • Batch size: 485
  • Batching: Powers
  • Lookup (logup): memory

Proof Size: 934 KiB (expected) / 1255 KiB (worst case)

regime total memory ALI DEEP batching commit round 1 commit round 10 commit round 11 commit round 12 commit round 13 commit round 14 commit round 15 commit round 16 commit round 17 commit round 18 commit round 19 commit round 2 commit round 20 commit round 3 commit round 4 commit round 5 commit round 6 commit round 7 commit round 8 commit round 9 query phase
UDR 50 96 115 101 96 105 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 122 106 123 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 50
JBR 53 96 110 97 68 78 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 79 97 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 53

combine

Parameters:

  • Polynomial commitment scheme: FRI
  • Hash size (bits): 248
  • Number of queries: 84
  • Grinding query phase (bits): 16
  • Field: KoalaBear⁴
  • Rate (ρ): 0.5
  • Trace length (H): $2^{18}$
  • FRI rounds: 18
  • FRI folding factors: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
  • FRI early stop degree: 2
  • Number of constraints: 323
  • Batch size: 485
  • Batching: Powers
  • Lookup (logup): memory

Proof Size: 861 KiB (expected) / 1146 KiB (worst case)

regime total memory ALI DEEP batching commit round 1 commit round 10 commit round 11 commit round 12 commit round 13 commit round 14 commit round 15 commit round 16 commit round 17 commit round 18 commit round 2 commit round 3 commit round 4 commit round 5 commit round 6 commit round 7 commit round 8 commit round 9 query phase
UDR 50 97 115 103 98 107 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 122 123 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 50
JBR 53 97 110 99 70 80 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 53

compress

Parameters:

  • Polynomial commitment scheme: FRI
  • Hash size (bits): 248
  • Number of queries: 21
  • Grinding query phase (bits): 16
  • Field: KoalaBear⁴
  • Rate (ρ): 0.0625
  • Trace length (H): $2^{17}$
  • FRI rounds: 17
  • FRI folding factors: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
  • FRI early stop degree: 16
  • Number of constraints: 323
  • Batch size: 485
  • Batching: Powers
  • Lookup (logup): memory

Proof Size: 253 KiB (expected) / 308 KiB (worst case)

regime total memory ALI DEEP batching commit round 1 commit round 10 commit round 11 commit round 12 commit round 13 commit round 14 commit round 15 commit round 16 commit round 17 commit round 2 commit round 3 commit round 4 commit round 5 commit round 6 commit round 7 commit round 8 commit round 9 query phase
UDR 35 98 115 104 95 105 114 115 116 117 118 119 119 120 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 35
JBR 56 98 106 95 56 66 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 57

embed

Parameters:

  • Polynomial commitment scheme: FRI
  • Hash size (bits): 248
  • Number of queries: 21
  • Grinding query phase (bits): 16
  • Field: KoalaBear⁴
  • Rate (ρ): 0.0625
  • Trace length (H): $2^{15}$
  • FRI rounds: 15
  • FRI folding factors: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
  • FRI early stop degree: 16
  • Number of constraints: 323
  • Batch size: 485
  • Batching: Powers
  • Lookup (logup): memory

Proof Size: 232 KiB (expected) / 281 KiB (worst case)

regime total memory ALI DEEP batching commit round 1 commit round 10 commit round 11 commit round 12 commit round 13 commit round 14 commit round 15 commit round 2 commit round 3 commit round 4 commit round 5 commit round 6 commit round 7 commit round 8 commit round 9 query phase
UDR 35 100 115 106 97 107 116 117 118 119 119 120 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 35
JBR 57 100 106 97 58 68 77 78 79 80 81 82 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 57