diff --git a/multi_listener.go b/multi_listener.go
index ceab170..894adc7 100644
--- a/multi_listener.go
+++ b/multi_listener.go
@@ -22,16 +22,29 @@ import (
 )
 
 type MultiChannelFactory func(underlay Underlay, closeCallback func()) (MultiChannel, error)
+type UngroupedChannelFallback func(underlay Underlay) error
 
 type MultiListener struct {
-	channels       map[string]MultiChannel
-	lock           sync.Mutex
-	channelFactory MultiChannelFactory
+	channels                 map[string]MultiChannel
+	lock                     sync.Mutex
+	multiChannelFactory      MultiChannelFactory
+	ungroupedChannelFallback UngroupedChannelFallback
 }
 
 func (self *MultiListener) AcceptUnderlay(underlay Underlay) {
-	log := pfxlog.Logger().WithField("underlayId", underlay.ConnectionId()).
-		WithField("underlayType", GetUnderlayType(underlay))
+	isGrouped, _ := Headers(underlay.Headers()).GetBoolHeader(IsGroupedHeader)
+
+	log := pfxlog.Logger().
+		WithField("underlayId", underlay.ConnectionId()).
+		WithField("underlayType", GetUnderlayType(underlay)).
+		WithField("isGrouped", isGrouped)
+
+	if !isGrouped {
+		if err := self.ungroupedChannelFallback(underlay); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Errorf("failed to create channel")
+		}
+		return
+	}
 
 	chId := underlay.ConnectionId()
 
@@ -47,13 +60,13 @@ func (self *MultiListener) AcceptUnderlay(underlay Underlay) {
 	} else {
 		log.Info("no existing channel found for underlay")
 		var err error
-		mc, err = self.channelFactory(underlay, func() {
+		mc, err = self.multiChannelFactory(underlay, func() {
 			self.CloseChannel(chId)
 		})
 
 		if mc != nil {
 			if err != nil {
-				pfxlog.Logger().WithError(err).Errorf("failed to create multi-underlay channel")
+				log.WithError(err).Errorf("failed to create multi-underlay channel")
 			} else {
 				self.lock.Lock()
 				self.channels[chId] = mc
@@ -69,10 +82,11 @@ func (self *MultiListener) CloseChannel(chId string) {
 	self.lock.Unlock()
 }
 
-func NewMultiListener(channelF MultiChannelFactory) *MultiListener {
+func NewMultiListener(channelF MultiChannelFactory, fallback UngroupedChannelFallback) *MultiListener {
 	result := &MultiListener{
-		channels:       make(map[string]MultiChannel),
-		channelFactory: channelF,
+		channels:                 make(map[string]MultiChannel),
+		multiChannelFactory:      channelF,
+		ungroupedChannelFallback: fallback,
 	}
 	return result
 }
diff --git a/multi_test.go b/multi_test.go
index 3a2c06a..788fbc2 100644
--- a/multi_test.go
+++ b/multi_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package channel
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/michaelquigley/pfxlog"
 	"github.com/openziti/foundation/v2/goroutines"
@@ -112,6 +113,8 @@ func Test_MultiUnderlayChannels(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		underlayHandler := NewListenerPriorityChannel(wrapper)
 		return newMultiChannel("listener", underlayHandler, wrapper, closeCallback)
+	}, func(underlay Underlay) error {
+		return errors.New("this implementation only accepts grouped channel")
 	})
 
 	listenerConfig := ListenerConfig{