@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ slug: /oracle-basics
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# Oracle basics
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- ## What is an oracle?
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+ ## What is a blockchain oracle?
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- Oracles like [ Orcfax] ( https://orcfax.io/ ) , [ Chainlink] ( https://chain.link ) ,
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- [ Charli3] ( https://charli3.io ) , etc. are the technical component in blockchain
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- architectures that deliver data about the real- world to on-chain smart
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- contracts.
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+ Blockchain oracles such as [ Orcfax] [ oracle-1 ] , [ Chainlink] [ oracle-2 ] ,
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+ [ Charli3] [ oracle-3 ] , etc. are the technical component in blockchain
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+ architectures which bring data about the real world on-chain for consumption by
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+ smart contracts.
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The name is derived from people in the ancient world who delivered messages and
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knowledge from the gods to the mortals.
@@ -20,26 +20,30 @@ knowledge from the gods to the mortals.
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Software oracles process information from online sources such as website
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content and open datasets but mostly from server-based application programming
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- interfaces (API). These are the most common types of oracles and are used, for
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- example, by algorithmic stablecoins or automated market maker (AMM) exchanges
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- to monitor for changes in currency exchange rates.
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+ interfaces (API). These are the most common types of oracles and are used by
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+ algorithmic stablecoins or automated market maker (AMM) exchanges to monitor for
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+ changes in currency exchange rates.
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See [ this article] ( https://cointelegraph.com/learn/what-is-a-blockchain-oracle-and-how-does-it-work )
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for some further information about oracles and their role in blockchain networks
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.
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+ [ oracle-1 ] : https://orcfax.io/
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+ [ oracle-2 ] : https://chain.link
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+ [ oracle-3 ] : https://charli3.io
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+
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## What is a smart contract?
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Smart contracts are software programs that execute conditional logic on
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- next-generation blockchains like Cardano (e.g. when event X happens, trigger
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- action Y). Because their source code is immutably stored and run on
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+ next-generation blockchains like Cardano (e.g. when event X happens, trigger
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+ action Y). Because their source code is immutably stored and run on
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decentralized blockchain networks, they constrain the range of permissible user
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actions and their effects.
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This means that they can reasonably be expected to have the same outcome each
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- time they are triggered. Therefore smart contracts are often referred to as
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- having "trustless" qualities. The term "trustless" is a popular word to
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- characterize blockchain technology because its cryptographic proofs and
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+ time they are triggered. It is for this reason that smart contracts are often
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+ referred to as having "trustless" qualities. The term "trustless" is a popular
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+ word to characterize blockchain technology because its cryptographic proofs and
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distributed consensus algorithms ensure that its shared data is authentic,
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accurate, and secure without reliance on a trusted third-party to verify the
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information.
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and social consequences. Especially considering that the consequences of a
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blockchain transaction are irreversible by their very design.
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- For example :
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-
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- * A change in the Bitcoin to ADA price may trigger a limit order in a DeFi
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- smart contract.
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- * The final score in a sports event may trigger a payout in a betting dApp
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- smart contract.
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- * An extreme weather event may trigger a payout for a crop insurance smart
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- contract.
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- * The words spoken in a political speech and authenticated via blockchain
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- notarization may trigger policy changes or protests .
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+ > Example :
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+ >
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+ > * A change in the Bitcoin to ADA price may trigger a limit order in a DeFi
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+ > smart contract.
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+ > * The final score in a sports event may trigger a payout in a betting dApp
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+ > smart contract.
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+ > * An extreme weather event may trigger a payout for a crop insurance smart
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+ > contract.
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+ > * The words spoken in a political speech and authenticated via blockchain
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+ > notarization may trigger policy changes.
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## What is the oracle problem?
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- The blockchain industry refers to the "oracle problem" to refer to the various
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+ The blockchain industry uses the "oracle problem" to refer to the various
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issues related to ensuring that on-chain smart contracts can trust real world
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data inputs to be authentic and accurate.
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- The trillion dollar DeFi industry is critically dependent on real-world data
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+ The DeFi industry is critically dependent on real-world data
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provided by oracles. However, oracle engineering is still in an early stage.
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There are still many opportunities to introduce false data about real-world
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events into oracle data collection, validation and publication pipelines.
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Most oracle providers provide little to no traceability on how their
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published, on-chain data is collected and validated to be authentic and
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- accurate. Their users simply see a single magic data point appear on chain. The
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+ accurate. Their users simply see a data point appear on chain. The
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context of creation and use is provided by the on-chain transaction, not the
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oracle datum itself.
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@@ -100,9 +104,9 @@ often receive data from a single, black box provider. They then might use an
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oracle pool to arrive at a consensus about the * uniformity* of that data and
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not necessarily about its * authenticity* or * accuracy* .
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- Orcfax was intentionally designed as a
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- [ second-generation oracle] ( solution-overview ) service that addresses multiple
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- layers of the oracle problem in a more comprehensive way .
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+ Orcfax has been, and continues to be, intentionally designed to addresses
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+ the multiple layers of the oracle problem and to do so in a more comprehensive
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+ way than eny other oracle service .
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## What is the real world?
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@@ -124,13 +128,13 @@ A fact is something that is known to have happened or to exist, especially
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something for which proof exists, or about which there is information.
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(Cambridge Dictionary, 2021)
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- Truths can be interpretive, opinionated, exclusionary, contextual or personal,
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- e.g. "this cylinder makes pretty shadows that are blue and circular".
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+ Truths can be interpretive, opinionated, exclusionary, contextual or personal
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+ ( e.g. "this cylinder makes pretty shadows that are blue and circular") .
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![ Facts lead to truths] ( /img/2023-09-05--Orcfax--The-Nature-Of-Facts.png )
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- Fact statements are more definitive, e.g.
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- "the name of this image file is what-is-true.png". Orcfax publishes fact
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- statements about the real world to the Cardano blockchain.
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+ Fact statements are more definitive
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+ (e.g. "the name of this image file is what-is-true.png") . Orcfax publishes Fact
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+ Statements about the real world to the Cardano blockchain.
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![ The nature of facts] ( /img/2023-09-06--Orcfax--Nature-of-Facts.png )
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