Improve performance of `TransitiveTargets`/`CoarsenedTargets`

[stuhood]

When #10409 introduced cycle tolerance, it also removed structure sharing of TransitiveTarget instances. This meant that if you made 100 TransitiveTargets requests, much less of their work could be reused, and in particular, cycle detection could not be reused. Cycle detection is cheap enough to do for one concurrent instance, but not to do hundreds of times redundantly.

[stuhood]

Unfortunately, this is blocked by some rule graph craziness that I'd like to lean in to fix via #11269. In the meantime, I'm going to revert the original fix for #11201, and raise the recursion limit.