+A number of software packages have been developed to support stellar population synthesis and modeling of galaxy spectral energy distributions. Tools such as [binary_c-python](https://gitlab.surrey.ac.uk/ri0005/binary_c-python) and [SPISEA](https://github.com/astropy/SPISEA) [@hosek+20] are primarily designed for generating and analyzing simple stellar populations, often with a focus on individual stars, binaries, or star clusters. Meanwhile, libraries such as [python-FSPS](https://github.com/dfm/python-fsps), a Python interface to the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis (FSPS) code [@conroy+09], and the more recent [DSPS](https://github.com/ArgonneCPAC/dsps) [@hearin+23], implemented using JAX for efficient gradient computation and forward modeling, provide extensive modeling capabilities, although they are sometimes limited to a specific set of SSP models or isochrones.
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