Release pgrx 0.12.0-alpha.1 (#1598)

Welcome to pgrx 0.12.0-alpha.1!

Say the magic words with me!

```shell
cargo install cargo-pgrx --locked --version 0.12.0-alpha.1
```

# Breaking Changes

## No more dlopen!

Perhaps the most exciting change this round is @usamoi's contribution in
#1468 which means that
we no longer perform a `dlopen` in order to generate the schema. The
cost, such as it is, is that your pgrx extensions now require a
`src/bin/pgrx_embed.rs`, which will be used to generate the schema. This
has much less cross-platform issues and will enable supporting things
like `cargo binstall` down the line.

It may be a bit touchy on first-time setup for transitioning older
repos. If necessary, you may have to directly add a
`src/bin/pgrx_embed.rs` and add the following code (which should be the
only code in the file, though you can add comments if you like?):

```rust
::pgrx::pgrx_embed!();
```

Your Cargo.toml will also want to update its crate-type key for the
library:
```toml
[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]
```

## Library Code

- pgrx-pg-sys will now use `ManuallyDropUnion` thanks to @NotGyro in
#1547
- VARHDRSZ `const`s are no longer `fn`, thanks to @workingjubilee in
#1584
- We no longer have `Interval::is_finite` since
#1594
- We translate more `*_tree_walker` functions to the same signature
their `*_impl` version in Postgres 16 has:
#1596
- Thanks to @eeeebbbbrrrr in
#1591 we no longer have
the `pg_sql_graph_magic!()` macro, which should help with more things in
the future!

# What's New

We have quite a lot of useful additions to our API:

- `SpiClient::prepare_mut` was added thanks to @XeniaLu in
#1275
- @usamoi also contributed bindings subscripting code in
#1562
- For `#[pg_test]`, you have been able to use `#[should_panic(expected =
"string")]` to anticipate a panic that contains that string in that
test. For various reasons, `#[pg_test(error = "string")]` is much the
same. Now, you can also use `#[pg_test(expected = "string")]`, in the
hopes that is easier to stumble across, as of
#1570

## `Result<composite_type!("..."), E>` support

- In #1560 @NotGyro
contributed support for using `Result<composite_type!("Name"), E>`, as a
case that had not been handled before.

## Significantly expanded docs
Thanks to @rjuju, @NotGyro, and @workingjubilee, we now have
significantly expanded docs for cargo-pgrx and pgrx in general. Some of
these are in the API docs on https://docs.rs or the READMEs, but there's
also a guide, now! It's not currently published, but is available as an
[mdbook](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook) in the repo.

Some diagnostic information that is also arguably documentation, like
comments and the suggestion to `cargo install`, have also been improved,
thanks to @workingjubilee in
- #1579
- #1573

## `#[pg_cast]`

An experimental macro for a `CREATE CAST` was contributed by @xwkuang5
in #1445!

## Legal Stuff

Thanks to @the-kenny in
#1490 and
@workingjubilee in
#1504, it was brought to
our attention that some dependencies had unusual legal requirements. So
we fixed this with CI! We now check our code included into pgrx-using
binaries is MIT/Apache 2.0 licensed, as is common across crates.io,
using `cargo deny`!. The build tools will have more flexible legal
requirements (partly due to the use of Mozilla Public License code in
rustls).

# Internal Changes
Many internal cleanups were done thanks to
- @workingjubilee in too many PRs to count!
- @thomcc found a needless condition in
#1501
- @nyurik in too many PRs to count!

In particular:
- we now actually `pfree` our `Array`s we detoasted as-of
#1571
- creating a `RawArray` is now low-overhead due to
#1587

## Soundness Fixes
We had a number of soundness issues uncovered or have added more tests
to catch them.
- Bounds-checking debug assertions for array access by @NotGyro in
#1514
- Fix unsound `&` and `&mut` in `fcinfo.rs` by @workingjubilee in
#1595

## Less Deps
Part of the cleanup by @workingjubilee was reducing the number of deps
we compile:
* cargo-pgrx: reduce trivial dep usages in
#1499
* Update 2 syn in #1557

Hopefully it will reduce compile time and disk usage!

## New Contributors
* @the-kenny made their first contribution in
#1490
* @xwkuang5 made their first contribution in
#1445
* @rjuju made their first contribution in
#1516
* @nyurik made their first contribution in
#1533
* @NotGyro made their first contribution in
#1514
* @XeniaLu made their first contribution in
#1275

**Full Changelog**:
v0.12.0-alpha.0...v0.12.0-alpha.1

Author: workingjubilee

Cargo.lock

@@ -51,19 +51,22 @@ members = [
 cargo-pgrx = { path = "cargo-pgrx" }
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-pgrx-macros = { path = "./pgrx-macros", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.0" }
-pgrx-pg-sys = { path = "./pgrx-pg-sys", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.0" }
-pgrx-sql-entity-graph = { path = "./pgrx-sql-entity-graph", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.0" }
-pgrx-pg-config = { path = "./pgrx-pg-config", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.0" }
+pgrx-macros = { path = "./pgrx-macros", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.1" }
+pgrx-pg-sys = { path = "./pgrx-pg-sys", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.1" }
+pgrx-sql-entity-graph = { path = "./pgrx-sql-entity-graph", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.1" }
+pgrx-pg-config = { path = "./pgrx-pg-config", version = "=0.12.0-alpha.1" }
 
-cargo_toml = "0.16" # used for building projects
+cargo_metadata = "0.18.0"
+cargo_toml = "0.19" # used for building projects
+clap-cargo = { version = "0.14.0", features = [ "cargo_metadata" ] }
 eyre = "0.6.9" # simplifies error-handling
 libc = "0.2" # FFI compat
 owo-colors = "3.5" # for output highlighting
 proc-macro2 = { version = "1.0.78", features = [ "span-locations" ] }
 quote = "1.0.33"
 regex = "1.1" # used for build/test
 syn = { version = "2", features = [ "extra-traits", "full", "parsing" ] }
+toml = "0.8" # our config files
 thiserror = "1"
 unescape = "0.1.0" # for escaped-character-handling
 url = "2.4.1" # the non-existent std::web

Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 [package]
 name = "cargo-pgrx"
-version = "0.12.0-alpha.0"
+version = "0.12.0-alpha.1"
 authors = ["PgCentral Foundation, Inc. <[email protected]>"]
 license = "MIT"
 description = "Cargo subcommand for 'pgrx' to make Postgres extension development easy"
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@ edition = "2021"
 pgrx-pg-config.workspace = true
 pgrx-sql-entity-graph.workspace = true
 
+cargo_metadata.workspace = true
 cargo_toml.workspace = true
+clap-cargo.workspace = true
 libc.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
+toml.workspace = true
 
-cargo_metadata = "0.17.0"
 clap = { version = "4.4.2", features = [ "env", "suggestions", "cargo", "derive", "wrap_help" ] }
-clap-cargo = { version = "0.11.0", features = [ "cargo_metadata" ] }
 jobslot = "0.2.12" # as seen in gmake -j{N}
 semver = "1.0.20" # checking pgrx versions match
 tempfile = "3.8.0"
-toml = "0.8.2" # our config files
 
 # SQL schema generation
 object = { version = "0.32.1", default-features = false, features = [ "std" ] }

cargo-pgrx/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ pg16 = ["pgrx/pg16", "pgrx-tests/pg16" ]
 pg_test = []
 
 [dependencies]
-pgrx = "=0.12.0-alpha.0"
+pgrx = "=0.12.0-alpha.1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-pgrx-tests = "=0.12.0-alpha.0"
+pgrx-tests = "=0.12.0-alpha.1"
 
 [profile.dev]
 panic = "unwind"

cargo-pgrx/src/templates/cargo_toml

@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ pg16 = ["pgrx/pg16", "pgrx-tests/pg16" ]
 pg_test = []
 
 [dependencies]
-pgrx = "=0.12.0-alpha.0"
+pgrx = "=0.12.0-alpha.1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-pgrx-tests = "=0.12.0-alpha.0"
+pgrx-tests = "=0.12.0-alpha.1"
 tempfile = "3.2.0"
 once_cell = "1.7.2"
 

nix/templates/default/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 [package]
 name = "pgrx-macros"
-version = "0.12.0-alpha.0"
+version = "0.12.0-alpha.1"
 authors = ["PgCentral Foundation, Inc. <[email protected]>"]
 license = "MIT"
 description = "Proc Macros for 'pgrx'"

pgrx-macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 [package]
 name = "pgrx-pg-config"
-version = "0.12.0-alpha.0"
+version = "0.12.0-alpha.1"
 authors = ["PgCentral Foundation, Inc. <[email protected]>"]
 license = "MIT"
 description = "A Postgres pg_config wrapper for 'pgrx'"
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ cargo_toml.workspace = true
 eyre.workspace = true
 owo-colors.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
+toml.workspace = true
 url.workspace = true
 
 home = "0.5.9"
 pathsearch = "0.2.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = [ "derive" ] }
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
-toml = "0.8.2"

pgrx-pg-config/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 [package]
 name = "pgrx-pg-sys"
-version = "0.12.0-alpha.0"
+version = "0.12.0-alpha.1"
 authors = ["PgCentral Foundation, Inc. <[email protected]>"]
 license = "MIT"
 description = "Generated Rust bindings for Postgres internals, for use with 'pgrx'"