refactor(rust): Remove recursion from `upsample_impl` #24383

Job	Run time
integration-test (ubuntu-latest)	2m 34s
check-wasm	8m 3s
integration-test (windows-latest)	5m 26s
test (windows-latest)	14m 4s
test (ubuntu-latest)	4m 22s
check-features	12m 21s
check-dsl-schema	3m 27s
	50m 17s

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