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"The WORM is an ERC-20 token which is minted via the process of burning Ethereum (ETH) by sending it to unclaimable addresses. Users generate a proof-of-burn receipt which enables the minting of WORM. ETH transfers sent to an unclaimable address are indistinguishable from a regular ETH transfer to a fresh address. There is no way for an outside observer to detect whether a user is interacting with the WORM protocol. The protocol is based on EIP-7503, which standardizes Private Proof-of-Burn. The protocol introduces per-block emission limits to cap WORM token inflation.",
"0xfC9d98CdB3529F32cD7fb02d175547641e145B29). The proof-of-burn uses Circom circuits with "+
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"Poseidon2 hashing (not SHA256), Keccak256 for PoW, and Merkle-Patricia-Trie state proofs. "+
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"Do NOT describe EIP-7503 mechanisms (new tx types, SSTORE at WORMHOLE_NULLIFIER_ADDRESS, "+
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"consensus-level minting of native ETH) as if they apply to WORM. Use the EIP only for "+
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"additional reading and background context on the proof-of-burn concept. Always prefer the "+
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"WORM whitepaper and GitHub repos as primary sources.",
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},
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zerc20: {
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id: "zerc20",
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title: "zERC20",
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description:
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'zERC20 is a fully ERC-20 compliant crosschain private transfer token. Users can perform private transfers directly from standard wallets like MetaMask—no special software required. From an external observer\'s perspective, private transfers are indistinguishable from regular transfers.ERC-20 Compatible: Works with any wallet, DEX, or DeFi protocol that supports standard ERC-20 tokens. Private Transfers: Send tokens without revealing the link between sender and recipient addresses Crosschain Support: Transfer privately across multiple blockchains via LayerZero. No Special Wallet Required: Use MetaMask or any standard Ethereum wallet. It works by A temporary "burn address" is cryptographically generated. The sender transfers zERC20 to this burn address (the tokens are effectively burned). The recipient withdraws the same amount to any address using a zero-knowledge proof. The link between the burn address and the withdrawal address is never revealed on-chain.',
"Nullmask is a privacy layer that sits between an ordinary wallet (e.g. MetaMask) and a chain via a custom RPC proxy. Users sign a single authorization message to derive viewing, nullifying and encryption keys; the proxy converts a user's normal transactions into shielded UTXO-style 'Notes' and produces UltraHonk zk-SNARK proofs (~2s) for deposits, transfers and withdrawals. Shielded state is represented as encrypted notes on-chain alongside a key registry; users trial-decrypt notes to find their own. Retroactive compliance allows flagged deposits to be revoked.",
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documentation: "https://nmskdiagram.vercel.app/",
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categories: ["VPN (Private Intents)"],
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sourceUrls: [
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"https://nullmask.io/",
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"https://nmskdiagram.vercel.app/",
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"https://hackmd.io/@krnak/Sy5zROAFWx",
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"https://hackmd.io/@krnak/r1W6uGUsZe",
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],
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},
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houdiniswap: {
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id: "houdiniswap",
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title: "Houdini Swap",
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description:
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"Houdini Swap is a non-custodial cross-chain liquidity aggregator that obtains privacy by routing each swap through two independent off-chain CEX partners and three separate blockchains, so no single counterparty sees the full path from source to destination. It is not a mixer: liquidity is not pooled and no zero-knowledge proofs are used; privacy comes from partitioning knowledge across routing hops. The service aggregates DEXes and bridges across 100+ chains and curates CEX partners that run industry-standard AML programmes.",
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documentation: "https://docs.houdiniswap.com/",
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categories: ["Cross-L1 CEX aggregator and mixer"],
"Houdini Swap is explicitly NOT a mixer and NOT a zero-knowledge privacy protocol. Its privacy model is 'knowledge partitioning across off-chain CEX hops and multiple blockchains': two non-custodial CEX partners and three blockchains are used so no single party sees the full source-to-destination path. Do not describe Houdini as a shielded pool, ZK rollup, or anonymity-set protocol. There are no on-chain privacy contracts, no notes, and no nullifiers — routing and compliance happen off-chain via CEX partners and a proprietary routing engine.",
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},
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mirage: {
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id: "mirage",
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title: "Mirage",
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description:
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"Mirage is a privacy layer for stablecoin transfers on Ethereum L1 that makes private transactions indistinguishable from ordinary onchain activity. It avoids shared pools by using per-transaction escrow contracts whose EVM bytecode is obfuscated by Azoth, an open-source Rust obfuscator that produces many deterministic variants of the same contract logic. Execution is carried out by a decentralised set of Nomad operator nodes that post bonds into the escrow and earn rewards for settling transfers. The protocol is currently in closed alpha with a public test environment in preparation.",
"Mirage's privacy model is NOT a shielded pool, mixer, or ZK rollup. It avoids pooled funds entirely. Each private transfer deploys a transaction-specific escrow contract; Azoth obfuscates the bytecode so the contract is indistinguishable from any other unverified deployment. A decentralised Nomad network settles transfers against the escrow using time-bonded execution. As of April 2026 the protocol is in closed alpha, with a public test environment in preparation — do not report it as mainnet-live. SGX is used by Nomad operators for node-side key handling.",
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