Code in the controller:

        /**
         * @var Transfer|null $transfer
         */
        $transfer = Transfer::find()->one();
        if (!$transfer) {
            return;
        }
        $paymentsTransfers = $transfer->getPaymentTransfer()->all();

Model:

class Transfer extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord
{
    /**
     * @return \yii\db\ActiveQuery
     */
    public function getPaymentTransfer()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(PaymentTransfer::class, ['transfer_id' => 'id']);
    }
}

getPaymentTransfer() method return type provided in PhpDoc or using native return type set to ActiveQuery leads to extension exception: Internal error: Unexpected type PHPStan\Type\ObjectType during method call all at line 142 (line 142 is $transfer->getPaymentTransfer()->all() call). That error comes from \Proget\PHPStan\Yii2\Type\ActiveQueryDynamicMethodReturnTypeExtension::getTypeFromMethodCall. Here is what's in the $calledOnType:

object(PHPStan\Type\ObjectType)#9382 (3) {
  ["className":"PHPStan\Type\ObjectType":private]=>
  string(18) "yii\db\ActiveQuery"
  ["subtractedType":"PHPStan\Type\ObjectType":private]=>
  NULL
  ["genericObjectType":"PHPStan\Type\ObjectType":private]=>
  NULL
}

If I remove return type from getPaymentTransfer() everything works fine. But that looks odd and that's easy to break if someone adds return type.