Use `AttributePersistenceProvider`/`SafeAttributePersistenceProvider` for the storage context for server cluster interfaces

[andy31415]

This is in reference to #37851 (comment)

from #37851

We passed in PersistentStorageDelegate as a storage context for ServerClusterContext.

instead we should use an attribute persistence provider, since those are the interfaces that are supposed to be available to clusters to read/write their data.