Replace pytz with standard library's zoneinfo

[markcampanelli]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

I find pytz to be somewhat confusing and cumbersome. Since Python 3.9, pytz can be replaced by the standard library's zoneinfo package for full and up-to-date IANA timezone support. Furthermore, it appears that localization of "naive" timedate timestamps is fully supported without using pytz. For example:

import datetime
from pprint import pprint
import zoneinfo


pprint(zoneinfo.available_timezones())
time_naive = datetime.datetime(1974, 6, 22, 18, 30, 15)
print(time_naive)
time_aware = time_naive.replace(tzinfo=zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("Etc/GMT+5"))
print(time_aware)
print(time_aware.astimezone(zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("UTC")))

In particular, the pvlib.location.Location class can be streamlined significantly by using only the zoneinfo.ZoneInfo class as the timezone attribute. Of course, pytz would still be lurking in the background due to its significant usage in pandas.

Describe the solution you'd like
Switch from pytz to zoneinfo. We could optionally deprecate pytz usage initially in the pvlib.location.Location constructor, but my sense is that simply removing it entirely will not break many people who typically instead use timezone strings in the initializer. Also, https://pvlib-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/timetimezones.html would need a significant update.

Describe alternatives you've considered
Keep using pytz.

Additional context
See #2339 #2343 for an example of pytz's full removal.

[kandersolar]

I confess this is the first I've heard of zoneinfo, but it seems like the python community at large is agreed that switching from pytz to zoneinfo is a good idea. Thanks @markcampanelli for bringing it up!

I'm seeing some people saying that Windows doesn't include a tz database by default. Depending on tzdata may be necessary: https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html

Of course, pytz would still be lurking in the background due to its significant usage in pandas.

Good point, although it looks like pandas 3.0 will make pytz an optional dependency (pandas-dev/pandas#59089).

[markcampanelli]

@kandersolar Did you happen to discover if there was a more explicit way to "localize" a datetime using ZoneInfo other than the following?

time_naive = datetime.datetime(1974, 6, 22, 18, 30, 15)
time_aware = time_naive.replace(tzinfo=zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("Etc/GMT+5"))

[markcampanelli]

I'm seeing some people saying that Windows doesn't include a tz database by default. Depending on tzdata may be necessary: https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html

It seems like this is only with significantly out of date Windows installations. All the Windows tests added in #2341 that use zoneinfo.ZoneInfo pass.