references.bib

---
---

Kapitel 1 Semantic Web - Konzept & Erläuterung
@article{Hendler2001,
author = {Hendler, James},
year = {2001},
month = {04},
pages = {30 - 37},
title = {Agents and the Semantic Web},
volume = {16},
journal = {Intelligent Systems, IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/5254.920597}
}

@article{Hendler2003ScienceAT,
  title={Science and the Semantic Web},
  author={Hendler, James},
  journal={Science},
  year={2003},
  volume={299},
  pages={520 - 521},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9431301}
}

Kapitel 2 DCAT-AP - Metadatenstandard
@manual{DCAT-AP.de2022,
  title = {{DCAT}-{AP}.de Konventionenhandbuch 2.0: Technische, semantische und organisatorische Konventionen für „{GovData}“},
  author = {
    Zedlitz, Jesper and
    Priefer, Evelyn and
    Hauptvogel, Jörn and
    Panic, Dominik and
    Volkening, Nils and
    Kochmann, Peter and
    Wittig, Christian and
    Göldner, Antje and
    Horn, Christian and
    Rinsche, Ludger and
    Kirschstein, Adam and
    Sklarß, Sebastian
  },
  organization = {GovData},
  year = {2022},
  month = mar,
  note = {Version 2.0, zuletzt geändert am 28. Februar 2022},
  url = {http://dcat-ap.de/def/dcatde/2.0/implRules/}
}

@techreport{Weibel1998RFC2413,
  title = {Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery},
  author = {
    Weibel, Stuart and
    Kunze, John and
    Lagoze, Carl and
    Wolf, Michael
  },
  institution = {RFC Editor},
  number = {RFC 2413},
  year = {1998},
  month = sep,
  url = {https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2413},
}

@article{WeibelKoch2000DublinCore,
  title = {The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative: Mission, Current Activities, and Future Directions},
  author = {
    Weibel, Stuart L. and
    Koch, Traugott
  },
  journal = {D-Lib Magazine},
  volume = {6},
  number = {12},
  year = {2000},
  month = dec,
  url = {https://mirror.dlib.org/dlib/december00/weibel/12weibel.html},
  note = {Director, Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, OCLC Office of Research; Digital Library Scientist, NETLAB, Lund University Library Development Department and IT Department at the Technical Knowledge Center \& Library of Denmark}
}

@misc{DCMI_Metadata_Basics,
  author       = {DCMI},
  title        = {Metadata Basics},
  year         = {2021},
  url          = {https://www.dublincore.org/resources/metadata-basics/},
  note         = {Accessed: 2024-10-31},
  publisher    = {Dublin Core Metadata Initiative}
}

@misc{W3C_DCAT_v3,
  author       = {W3C},
  title        = {Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3},
  year         = {2020},
  url          = {https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/},
  note         = {Accessed: 2024-10-31},
  publisher    = {World Wide Web Consortium}
}

@misc{FITKO_DCAT_AP,
  author       = {FITKO},
  title        = {Überblick DCAT-AP.de},
  year         = {2024},
  url          = {https://docs.fitko.de/fit-standards/dcat_ap_de/},
  note         = {Accessed: 2025-01-22},
  publisher    = {FITKO (Föderale IT-Kooperation)}
}

@manual{CKAN_User_Guide,
  author       = {CKAN Project},
  title        = {CKAN User Guide: What is CKAN?},
  year         = {2023},
  url          = {https://docs.ckan.org/en/2.11/user-guide.html#what-is-ckan},
  note         = {Accessed: 2024-10-31},
  publisher    = {CKAN Documentation}
}

@incollection{Sabucedo2010eService,
  title     = {Semantic-based eService Delivery for eGovernment Domain},
  author    = {Sabucedo, Luis Alvarez and Rifon, Luis Anido and Corradini, Flavio and Polzonetti, Alberto and Re, Barbara},
  booktitle = {Semantic Web},
  editor    = {Wu, Gang},
  year      = {2010},
  publisher = {In-Tech},
  address   = {Rijeka, Croatia},
  chapter   = {13},
  pages     = {241--256},
  isbn      = {978-953-7619-54-1},
  url       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/167},
  note      = {eBook ISBN: 978-953-51-5745-8}
}

@article{gardner_ontologies_2005,
	title = {Ontologies and semantic data integration},
	volume = {10},
	number = {14},
	journal = {Drugs Discovery today},
	author = {Gardner, Stephen P.},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Read\_Status: New Read\_Status\_Date: 2025-01-15T10:45:48.264Z},
	pages = {1001--1007},
}

@article{gibbins_agent-based_2003,
	title = {Agent-based {Semantic} {Web} {Services}},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/775152.775251},
	journal = {WWW '03: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web},
	author = {Gibbins, Nicholas and Harris, Stephen and Shadbolt, Nigel},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Read\_Status: New Read\_Status\_Date: 2025-01-15T12:14:11.418Z},
	pages = {710--717},
}

@article{taye_understanding_2010,
	title = {Understanding {Semantic} {Web} and {Ontologies}: {Theory} and {Applications}},
	volume = {2},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Computing},
	author = {Taye, Mohammad Mustafa},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Read\_Status: New Read\_Status\_Date: 2025-01-15T12:22:00.112Z},
	pages = {182--192},
}

@article{decker_semantic_2000,
	title = {The {Semantic} {Web}: {The} {Roles} of {XML} and {RDF}},
	journal = {IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING},
	author = {Decker, Stefan and Melnik, Sergey and Van Harmelen, Frank and Fensel, Dieter and Klein, Michel and Broekstra, Jeen and Erdmann, Michael and Horrocks, Ian},
	month = sep,
	year = {2000},
	note = {Read\_Status: New Read\_Status\_Date: 2025-01-15T12:45:05.371Z},
}

@Inbook{Cardoso2006,
author="Cardoso, Jorge
and Sheth, Amit",
editor="Cardoso, Jorge
and Sheth, Amit P.",
title="The Semantic Web and Its Applications",
bookTitle="Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications",
year="2006",
publisher="Springer US",
address="Boston, MA",
pages="3--33",
isbn="978-0-387-34685-4",
doi="10.1007/978-0-387-34685-4_1",
url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34685-4_1"
}

@InProceedings{DCATFraunhofer,
author="Kirstein, Fabian
and Dittwald, Benjamin
and Dutkowski, Simon
and Glikman, Yury
and Schimmler, Sonja
and Hauswirth, Manfred",
editor="Lindgren, Ida
and Janssen, Marijn
and Lee, Habin
and Polini, Andrea
and Rodr{\'i}guez Bol{\'i}var, Manuel Pedro
and Scholl, Hans Jochen
and Tambouris, Efthimios",
title="Linked Data in the European Data Portal: A Comprehensive Platform for Applying DCAT-AP",
booktitle="Electronic Government",
year="2019",
publisher="Springer International Publishing",
address="Cham",
pages="192--204",
abstract="The European Data Portal (EDP) is a central access point for metadata of Open Data published by public authorities in Europe and acquires data from more than 70 national data providers. The platform is a starting point in adopting the Linked Data specification DCAT-AP, aiming to increase interoperability and accessibility of Open Data. In this paper, we present the design of the central data management components of the platform, responsible for metadata storage, data harvesting and quality assessment. The core component is based on CKAN, which is extended by the support for native Linked Data replication to a triplestore to ensure legacy compatibility and the support for DCAT-AP. Regular data harvesting and the creation of detailed quality reports are performed by custom components adressing the requirements of DCAT-AP. The EDP is well on track to become the core platform for European Open Data and fostered the acceptance of DCAT-AP. Our platform is available here: https://www.europeandataportal.eu.",
isbn="978-3-030-27325-5"
}

@article{DCATEurope,
author = {Barthelemy, Florian and Cochez, Michael and Dimitriadis, Iraklis and Karim, Naila and Loutas, Nikolaos and Magnisalis, Ioannis and Comet, Lina Molinas and Peristeras, Vassilios and Wyns, Brecht},
title = {Towards a standard-based open data ecosystem: analysis of DCAT-AP use at national and European level},
journal = {Electronic Government, an International Journal},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {137-180},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1504/EG.2022.121856},

URL = { 
    
    
        https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/EG.2022.121856
    

},
eprint = { 
    
    
        https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/EG.2022.121856
    

}
,
    abstract = { In Europe, an open government data ecosystem is being developed. This ecosystem is implemented using various technologies and platforms. In fact, the use of a common metadata standard for describing datasets and open data portals, i.e., the DCAT-AP specification, appears as the lingua franca that connects an, otherwise, fragmented environment. In this context, the standard-based consolidation of open data promotes the subsidiarity principle, allowing open data portal owners to choose platforms and internal representations based on their specific requirements. However, the portal owners must provide an export with DCAT-AP compliant metadata about the dataset they store. In this paper we provide a detailed study of how the DCAT-AP specification is used in practice, both at the national and the European level. Consequently, we also identify issues, challenges, and opportunities for improvements that can be used as input for the next revision cycle of the standard. Essentially, our goal is to contribute towards the enrichment of a growing and promising European open data ecosystem. }
}

@article{DublinCore,
author = {Barthelemy, Florian and Cochez, Michael and Dimitriadis, Iraklis and Karim, Naila and Loutas, Nikolaos and Magnisalis, Ioannis and Comet, Lina Molinas and Peristeras, Vassilios and Wyns, Brecht},
title = {Towards a standard-based open data ecosystem: analysis of DCAT-AP use at national and European level},
journal = {Electronic Government, an International Journal},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {137-180},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1504/EG.2022.121856},

URL = { 
    
    
        https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/EG.2022.121856
    

},
eprint = { 
    
    
        https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/EG.2022.121856
    

},
}

@article{arakaki2018dublin,
  title={Dublin Core: state of art (1995 to 2015)},
  author={Arakaki, Felipe Augusto and Alves, Rachel Cristina Vesu and da Costa, Pl{\'a}cida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim and others},
  journal={Informa{\c{c}}{\~a}o \& Sociedade},
  volume={28},
  number={2},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Universidade Federal da Para{\'\i}ba-Programa de P{\'o}s-Gradua{\c{c}}{\~a}o em Ci{\^e}ncia da~…}
}

@inproceedings{CKANWang,
author = {Wang, Ze and Lin, Guangyan and Tan, Huobin and Chen, Qinghong and Liu, Xiyang},
title = {CKAN: Collaborative Knowledge-aware Attentive Network for Recommender Systems},
year = {2020},
isbn = {9781450380164},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401141},
doi = {10.1145/3397271.3401141},
abstract = {Since it can effectively address the problem of sparsity and cold start of collaborative filtering, knowledge graph (KG) is widely studied and employed as side information in the field of recommender systems. However, most of existing KG-based recommendation methods mainly focus on how to effectively encode the knowledge associations in KG, without highlighting the crucial collaborative signals which are latent in user-item interactions. As such, the learned embeddings underutilize the two kinds of pivotal information and are insufficient to effectively represent the latent semantics of users and items in vector space.In this paper, we propose a novel method named Collaborative Knowledge-aware Attentive Network (CKAN) which explicitly encodes the collaborative signals by collaboration propagation and proposes a natural way of combining collaborative signals with knowledge associations together. Specifically, CKAN employs a heterogeneous propagation strategy to explicitly encode both kinds of information, and applies a knowledge-aware attention mechanism to discriminate the contribution of different knowledge-based neighbors. Compared with other KG-based methods, CKAN provides a brand-new idea of combining collaborative information with knowledge information together. We apply the proposed model on four real-world datasets, and the empirical results demonstrate that CKAN significantly outperforms several compelling state-of-the-art baselines.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
pages = {219–228},
numpages = {10},
keywords = {heterogeneous propagation, knowledge graph, knowledge-aware attention mechanism, recommender systems},
location = {Virtual Event, China},
series = {SIGIR '20}
}

@inproceedings{Winn2013,
title = {Open data and the academy: an evaluation of CKAN for research data management},
author = {Winn, Joss},
year = {2013},
booktitle = {IASSIST 2013},
url = "https://repository.lincoln.ac.uk/articles/conference_contribution/Open_data_and_the_academy_an_evaluation_of_CKAN_for_research_data_management/25187387",
}

@article{riley2017understanding,
  title={Understanding metadata},
  author={Riley, Jenn},
  journal={Washington DC, United States: National Information Standards Organization (http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf)},
  volume={23},
  pages={7--10},
  year={2017}
}

@article{duval2002metadata,
  title={Metadata principles and practicalities},
  author={Duval, Erik and Hodgins, Wayne and Sutton, Stuart and Weibel, Stuart L},
  journal={D-lib Magazine},
  volume={8},
  number={4},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2002}
}

@book{ducharme_learning_2013,
	address = {Beijing Cambridge Farnham Köln Sebastopol Tokyo},
	edition = {Second edition},
	title = {Learning {SPARQL}: querying and updating with {SPARQL} 1.1},
	isbn = {978-1-4493-7143-2 978-1-4493-7148-7},
	shorttitle = {Learning {SPARQL}},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {O'Reilly},
	author = {DuCharme, Bob},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Read\_Status: New
Read\_Status\_Date: 2025-01-17T10:50:37.168Z},
}

@misc{GovData_SPARQL,
  author       = {Föderale IT-Kooperation},
  title        = {Schnittstellen},
  year         = {2024},
  url          = {https://www.govdata.de/sparql-assistent/},
  note         = {Accessed: 2025-04-08},
  publisher    = {Föderale IT-Kooperation}
}

@article{berners-lee2001semantic,
  title        = {The Semantic Web},
  author       = {Berners-Lee, Tim and Hendler, James and Lassila, Ora},
  journal      = {Scientific American},
  volume       = {284},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {34--43},
  year         = {2001},
  month        = {May},
  publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
  doi          = {10.1038/scientificamerican052001-yL7Vw7HIOZ4iSjlnEeVsJ},
  url          = {https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-semantic-web/}
}

@ARTICLE{valiente2012integration,
  author={Valiente, María-Cruz and García-Barriocanal, Elena and Sicilia, Miguel-Ángel},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)}, 
  title={Applying Ontology-Based Models for Supporting Integrated Software Development and IT Service Management Processes}, 
  year={2012},
  volume={42},
  number={1},
  pages={61-74},
  keywords={Unified modeling language;Ontologies;Software;Programming;Organizations;Concrete;Information technology infrastructure library (ITIL);IT service management (ITSM);ontology;Semantic Web rule language (SWRL);software engineering (SE);web ontology language (OWL)},
  doi={10.1109/TSMCC.2011.2132717}}

  @misc{EU_DCAT,
  author       = {Europäische Union},
  title        = {DCAT Application profile for data portals in Europe (DCAT-AP)},
  url          = {https://op.europa.eu/de/web/eu-vocabularies/dcat-ap},
  note         = {Accessed: 2025-10-14},
  publisher    = {Europäische Union}
}

@misc{taye2010understandingsemanticwebontologies,
      title={Understanding Semantic Web and Ontologies: Theory and Applications}, 
      author={Mohammad Mustafa Taye},
      year={2010},
      eprint={1006.4567},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.4567}, 
}

@article{Gruber1993Ontology,
  author    = {Gruber, Thomas R.},
  title     = {A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications},
  journal   = {Knowledge Acquisition},
  volume    = {5},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {199--220},
  year      = {1993},
  doi       = {10.1006/knac.1993.1008}
}

@incollection{milic2017semantic,
  title={Semantic technologies in e-government: Toward openness and transparency},
  author={Mili{\'c}, Petar and Veljkovi{\'c}, Nata{\v{s}}a and Stoimenov, Leonid},
  booktitle={Smart Technologies for Smart Governments: Transparency, Efficiency and Organizational Issues},
  pages={55--66},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@misc{GillisLawton2025SemanticWeb,
  author       = {Gillis, Alexander S.; Lawton, George},
  title        = {What is the Semantic Web? Definition, history and timeline},
  howpublished = {TechTarget / SearchCIO},
  year         = {2025},
  month        = jan # " 28",
  url          = {https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/Semantic-Web},
  note         = {Accessed: YYYY-MM-DD}
}

@article{LippolisEtAl2025OntologyLLM,
  author    = {Lippolis, Anna Sofia and Saeedizade, Mohammad Javad and Keskis\"arkk\"a, Robin and Zuppiroli, Sara and Ceriani, Miguel and Gangemi, Aldo and Blomqvist, Eva and Nuzzolese, Andrea Giovanni},
  title     = {Ontology Generation using Large Language Models},
  journal   = {arXiv preprint},
  eprint    = {arXiv:2503.05388},
  year      = {2025},
  url       = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.05388},
  note      = {Accessed: YYYY-MM-DD}
}

@article{Nwana_1996, 
title={Software agents: an overview}, 
volume={11}, 
DOI={10.1017/S026988890000789X}, 
number={3}, 
journal={The Knowledge Engineering Review}, 
author={Nwana, Hyacinth S.}, 
year={1996}, 
pages={205–244}} 

@inbook{Sowa_2011,
author="Sowa, John F.",
editor="Tolk, Andreas
and Jain, Lakhmi C.",
title="Future Directions for Semantic Systems",
bookTitle="Intelligence-Based Systems Engineering",
year="2011",
publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
address="Berlin, Heidelberg",
pages="23--47",
isbn="978-3-642-17931-0",
doi="10.1007/978-3-642-17931-0_2"
}