[FEA] Update to Thrust 1.16

[robertmaynard]

We want to update the version of Thrust from 1.15 to 1.16 (changelog). This update is needed to fix compilation with GCC 11, because of some warnings-as-errors present in Thrust 1.15 with GCC 11 (such as this one from Thrust's copy of cub: NVIDIA/cub#418).

Describe the solution you'd like
As documented in #10586 the steps required are:

1. Try to work out whatever issues with CMake / include paths may exist.
2. Prepare all rapids-cmake repos for Thrust 1.16 compatibility. So far rmm (Clean up Thrust includes. rmm#1011) has been merged, and cuml is in progress ( Clean up Thrust includes. cuml#4675). Outstanding is cuCollections, raft, cuSpatial, and cuGraph.
3. Upgrade libcudf to Thrust 1.16 again (re-apply the updated patch in Update to Thrust 1.16 #10489, revert Update to Thrust 1.16 #10489 )
4. Upgrade rapids-cmake to Thrust 1.16.

[bdice]

Thanks for writing this up @robertmaynard! I can open the PRs for other repos soon - the time consuming part is self-review to make sure that the #includes are reasonably organized while keeping the diffs as minimal as possible.

[robertmaynard]

cugraph is now in progress rapidsai/cugraph#2310

[bdice]

So are cuML (rapidsai/cuml#4675), cuspatial (rapidsai/cuspatial#539), cuco (NVIDIA/cuCollections#161), raft (rapidsai/raft#678). I am planning to commit a custom rapids-cmake versions.json and let CI test these packages with thrust 1.17-rc2, then revert those changes before merging.

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