[0.83] Add experimental RedBox 2.0 implementation for iOS

[motiz88]

Target Branch

0.83-stable

Link to commit or PR to be picked

facebook/react-native#56574

Description

Backport the experimental RedBox 2.0 feature from main into React Native 0.83, gated behind the redBoxV2IOS feature flag (default false).

[github-actions]

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1. ✅ Fixes for regressions to core APIs. Examples:
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2. ✅ Fixes to bugs in core React Native. Examples:
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6. ✅ Fixes and reverts of accidental breaking changes. Example:
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8. ✅ Any Pick Request if the release is still in RC0 (after RC1, the previously listed criteria apply)

❌ Which Pick Requests we don't accept

9. ❌ Any Pick Request that introduces a breaking change after RC1. Example:
   • A bugfix that contains a refactoring, resulting in changes to the public API of a class
10. ❌ Any Pick Request that introduces a new feature after RC1. Example:
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14. ❌ Pick Request composed of multiple commits that have several merge conflicts.
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15. ❌ Any non-critical improvement that landed on main.
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• ℹ️ Limit your Pick Request to one commit from main, or one PR against the release branch.
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