Vedic Time Units

[recursivezero]

Vedic Time Units and Their Details

The traditional Hindu timekeeping system is deeply rooted in Vedic texts and astronomical calculations. Below are the details of the time units based on Vedic and Puranic sources:

1. क्षण (Kshana) - A moment, approximately 0.8 seconds (varies slightly in different texts).
2. पल (Pala) - Approximately 24 seconds (60 क्षण).
3. विपल (Vipal) - A sub-unit of पल, approximately 0.4 seconds (1/60th of a पल).
4. घटी (Ghati) - 24 minutes (60 पल or 3,600 क्षण).
5. प्रहर (Prahar) - 3 hours (2.5 घटी or 7.5 घटी in a day).
6. याम (Yaama) - Equivalent to प्रहर, 3 hours.
7. दिन (Dina) - A day, 24 hours.
8. रात्रि (Raatri) - Night, 12 hours (varies based on season).
9. पक्ष (Paksha) - Half a lunar month, 15 days (शुक्ल पक्ष and कृष्ण पक्ष).
10. मास (Maasa) - A month, 30 days (lunar month).
11. ऋतु (Ritu) - A season, 2 months (6 ऋतु in a year).
12. अयन (Ayana) - Half a year, 6 months (उत्तरायण and दक्षिणायन).
13. वर्ष (Varsha) - A year, 12 months.
14. युग (Yuga) - An epoch or era:
    • सतयुग (Satya Yuga) - 1,728,000 years
    • त्रेतायुग (Treta Yuga) - 1,296,000 years
    • द्वापरयुग (Dwapara Yuga) - 864,000 years
    • कलियुग (Kali Yuga) - 432,000 years
15. कल्प (Kalpa) - A cosmic cycle, 4.32 billion years (one day of Brahma).

---

Program for Unit Conversion

Below is a Python program to convert between these traditional Hindu time units:

# Conversion factors for Hindu time units
conversion_factors = {
    "क्षण (Kshana)": 0.8,  # 1 क्षण = 0.8 seconds
    "पल (Pala)": 24,  # 1 पल = 24 seconds
    "विपल (Vipal)": 0.4,  # 1 विपल = 0.4 seconds
    "घटी (Ghati)": 1440,  # 1 घटी = 24 minutes = 1440 seconds
    "प्रहर (Prahar)": 10800,  # 1 प्रहर = 3 hours = 10800 seconds
    "याम (Yaama)": 10800,  # 1 याम = 3 hours = 10800 seconds
    "दिन (Dina)": 86400,  # 1 दिन = 24 hours = 86400 seconds
    "रात्रि (Raatri)": 43200,  # 1 रात्रि = 12 hours = 43200 seconds
    "पक्ष (Paksha)": 1296000,  # 1 पक्ष = 15 days = 1296000 seconds
    "मास (Maasa)": 2592000,  # 1 मास = 30 days = 2592000 seconds
    "ऋतु (Ritu)": 5184000,  # 1 ऋतु = 2 months = 5184000 seconds
    "अयन (Ayana)": 15552000,  # 1 अयन = 6 months = 15552000 seconds
    "वर्ष (Varsha)": 31104000,  # 1 वर्ष = 12 months = 31104000 seconds
    "युग (Yuga)": {
        "सतयुग (Satya Yuga)": 1728000 * 31104000,
        "त्रेतायुग (Treta Yuga)": 1296000 * 31104000,
        "द्वापरयुग (Dwapara Yuga)": 864000 * 31104000,
        "कलियुग (Kali Yuga)": 432000 * 31104000,
    },
    "कल्प (Kalpa)": 4320000000 * 31104000,  # 1 कल्प = 4.32 billion years
}

# Function to convert time
def convert_time(value, from_unit, to_unit):
    if from_unit not in conversion_factors or to_unit not in conversion_factors:
        return "Invalid unit(s). Please check the unit names."

    # Handle युग (Yuga) separately
    if from_unit == "युग (Yuga)" or to_unit == "युग (Yuga)":
        return "युग (Yuga) conversion requires specifying the specific Yuga (e.g., सतयुग)."

    # Convert to seconds first
    value_in_seconds = value * conversion_factors[from_unit]

    # Convert to the target unit
    result = value_in_seconds / conversion_factors[to_unit]

    return result

# Example usage
value = 1
from_unit = "घटी (Ghati)"
to_unit = "पल (Pala)"
result = convert_time(value, from_unit, to_unit)
print(f"{value} {from_unit} = {result} {to_unit}")

---

Example Output

For the example above:

1 घटी (Ghati) = 60.0 पल (Pala)

---

Reliable Sources for Hindu Timekeeping

1. Vedic Texts:

   • Surya Siddhanta
   • Vedanga Jyotisha
   • Puranas (e.g., Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana)

2. Books:

   • "The Astronomical Code of the Rigveda" by Subhash Kak
   • "Hindu Chronology and Antiquity" by P.C. Sengupta

3. Websites:

   • Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage
   • Vedic Astronomy

This program and the details provided are based on traditional Hindu timekeeping systems and can be used for educational or cultural purposes.

[recursivezero]

Here is the time chronology in Hindi, starting from the smallest unit to larger units:

क्षण (Kshana) - Moment

पल (Pala) - Approximately 24 seconds

विपल (Vipal) - Sub-unit of पल (optional, smaller division)

घटी (Ghati) - 24 minutes (60 पल)

प्रहर (Prahar) - 3 hours (2.5 घटी)

याम (Yaama) - Equivalent to प्रहर (used interchangeably)

दिन (Dina) - Day (24 hours)

रात्रि (Raatri) - Night

पक्ष (Paksha) - Half a lunar month (15 days)

मास (Maasa) - Month (30 days)

ऋतु (Ritu) - Season (2 months or 6 seasons in a year)

अयन (Ayana) - Half year (6 months; उत्तरायण and दक्षिणायन)

वर्ष (Varsha) - Year (12 months)

युग (Yuga) - Epoch or era (variable duration depending on the yuga)

कल्प (Kalpa) - Cosmic cycle (one day of Brahma, equivalent to billions of human years)

This represents the traditional Indian/Hindu system of timekeeping and can be mapped to seconds, minutes, and hours as needed.

[recursivezero]

{
  "time_units": [
    {
      "name": "क्षण",
      "seconds": 1,
      "minutes": 0.01667,
      "years": 0.0000000317
    },
    {
      "name": "पल",
      "seconds": 24,
      "minutes": 0.4,
      "years": 0.00000076
    },
    {
      "name": "घटी",
      "seconds": 1440,
      "minutes": 24,
      "years": 0.000027
    },
    {
      "name": "प्रहर",
      "seconds": 10800,
      "minutes": 180,
      "years": 0.000342
    },
    {
      "name": "दिन",
      "seconds": 86400,
      "minutes": 1440,
      "years": 0.00274
    },
    {
      "name": "पक्ष",
      "seconds": 1296000,
      "minutes": 21600,
      "years": 0.0317
    },
    {
      "name": "मास",
      "seconds": 2592000,
      "minutes": 43200,
      "years": 0.0635
    },
    {
      "name": "ऋतु",
      "seconds": 5184000,
      "minutes": 86400,
      "years": 0.127
    },
    {
      "name": "अयन",
      "seconds": 15552000,
      "minutes": 259200,
      "years": 0.381
    },
    {
      "name": "वर्ष",
      "seconds": 31104000,
      "minutes": 518400,
      "years": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "युग",
      "seconds": 1209600000,
      "minutes": 20160000,
      "years": 38880
    },
    {
      "name": "कल्प",
      "seconds": 31104000000000,
      "minutes": 518400000000,
      "years": 1000000000
    }
  ]
}

[recursivezero]

Here is the sample link and it's repo of initial work using ECMA intlFormat