Improve error handling in the build scripts

[YohDeadfall]

Describe the annoyance

Originally made as an TODO by @emilk:

rerun/crates/build/re_types_builder/src/codegen/cpp/mod.rs

Line 403 in 46cb497

#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_wraps)] // TODO(emilk): implement proper error handling instead of exiting on the first cargo_error

The build scripts are more mature now with cargo_error from #10941, issues are reported one by one which may degrade developer experience if something goes wrong and it requires a several iterations of fixes and compilations.

Additional context

As not everything in crates/build is for build scripts, some panic! should be changed to use the reporter passed in.

[Wumpf]

the reporter type is only used in codegen which isn't used inside of build scripts - not everything inside the crates/build is about build.rs scripts!

[YohDeadfall]

Then it means that everything should go through the reporter. Will fix the description.

[Wumpf]

the reporter is specific to the codegen tool. But yes there almost everything (except fatal errors) should go to the error reporter