NEWS

PostGIS 3.7.0dev
xxxx/xx/xx

* Breaking Changes *

 - #5688, [topology] topology building functions now interpret tolerance 0
          (old default) to really mean 0 and want -1 (new default) to mean
          "use topology precision" (Sandro Santilli)
 - #6024, Remove support for PostgreSQL 12 and 13 (Regina Obe)


* New Features *

 - #5993, [topology] Add max_edges parameter to TopoGeo_AddLinestring
          (Sandro Santilli)
 - #6001, support MultiLineString in ST_MakeLine (Paul Ramsey)
 - #2858, ST_MMin and ST_MMax (Paul Ramsey)
 - #5941, [raster] Support GDT_Float16 pixel type (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5992, Optimize GiST index for repeated edge subdivision in topology (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5702, Allow the compiler to detect the parallelism -flto=auto (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #4798, ST_AsGeoJSON warns about duplicate property keys (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5950, Document POSTGIS_REGRESS_DB_OWNER for sandboxed regression roles (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #4332, Clarify the scope of several Function Reference categories (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #4222, [raster] ST_DumpAsPolygons honours PostgreSQL interrupts (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5109, Document the meaning of topology.next_left_edge and topology.next_right_edge links (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5889, [topology] Include representative locations in topology build errors (Darafei Praliaskouski)

* Bug Fixes *

 - #5948, [topology] Prevent MakeTopologyPrecise from erasing edges when
          grid size exceeds their extent (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5959, Prevent histogram target overflow when analysing massive tables (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #4828, geometry_columns handles NOT VALID SRID checks without errors (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5645, Docs: keep code operators ("=>") intact in translated manuals
          by enforcing verbatim CSS (Darafei Praliaskouski)
 - #5593, Docs: render manual images with GraphicsMagick without temporary files,
          enabling parallel builds, keeping ImageMagick fallbacks working, and
          documenting the generator workflow for contributors (Darafei Praliaskouski)

PostGIS 3.6.0
2025/09/01

This version requires PostgreSQL 12-18beta3, GEOS 3.8 or higher, and Proj 6.1+.
To take advantage of all features, GEOS 3.14+ is needed.
To take advantage of all SFCGAL features, SFCGAL 2.2+ is needed.

Many thanks to our translation teams, in particular:

Teramoto Ikuhiro (Japanese Team)
Daniel Nylander (Swedish Team)
Dapeng Wang, Zuo Chenwei from HighGo (Chinese Team)
Denys Kovshun (Ukrainian Team)

* Breaking Changes *

  - #5799, make ST_TileEnvelope clips envelopes to tile plane extent (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5829, remove constraint checking from geometry_columns view (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3373, GT-255, [topology] Support for upgrading domains (Ayo Adesugba, U.S. Census Bureau)
  - GT-252, ST_NumGeometries/ST_GeometryN treat TIN and PolyhedralSurface as unitary geometries,
    use ST_NumPatches/ST_PatchN for patch access (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - #3110, GT-242 [topology] Support for bigint (Ayo Adesugba, U.S. Census Bureau)
  - #5359, #5897, GT-260 [tiger_geocoder] Use @extschema:extension@ for PG >= 16
    to schema qualify dependent extensions, switch to use typmod for tiger tables
    (Regina Obe)

* Deprecated / Removed signatures *

 - #3110, GT-242, [topology] numerous topology functions that accepted integer
          replaced with bigint versions to support both integer and bigint inputs
          (Ayo Adesugba, U.S. Census Bureau)
 - #5498 Drop st_approxquantile(raster, double precision), wasn't usable as it triggered
    is not unique error when used (Regina Obe)

* New Features *

  - GH-803, [sfcgal] ADD CG_Simplify function (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GH-805, [sfcgal] Add M support for SFCGAL >= 1.5.0 (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GH-801, [sfcgal] ADD CG_3DAlphaWrapping function (Jean Felder)
  - #5894, [topology] TotalTopologySize (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5890, [topology] ValidateTopologyPrecision, MakeTopologyPrecise (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5861, [topology] Add --drop-topology switch to pgtopo_import (Sandro Santilli)
  - #1247, [raster] ST_AsRasterAgg (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5784, GT-223 Export circ_tree_distance_tree_internal for mobilitydb use
           (Maxime Schoemans)
  - GT-228, [sfcgal] Add new functions (Scale, Translate, Rotate, Buffer 3D and
           Straight Skeleton Partition) from SFCGAL 2 (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - [raster] New GUC postgis.gdal_cpl_debug, enables GDAL debugging messages
    and routes them into the PostgreSQL logging system. (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5841, Change interrupt handling to remove use of pqsignal to support PG 18 (Paul Ramsey)
  - Add ST_CoverageClean to edge match and gap remove polygonal
    coverages (Paul Ramsey) from GEOS 3.14 (Martin Davis)
  - #3110, GT-242 [topology] Support for bigint (Ayo Adesugba, U.S. Census Bureau)
  - [raster] Add ST_ReclassExact to quickly remap values in raster (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5963, [raster] add ST_IntersectionFractions - Requires GEOS 3.14 (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5971, Option to build --without-tiger (Regina Obe)


PostGIS 3.5.0
2024/09/25

To take advantage of all postgis_sfcgal extension features SFCGAL 1.5+ is needed.
PostgreSQL 12-17 required. GEOS 3.8+ required. Proj 6.1+ required.

Many thanks to our translation teams, in particular:

Dapeng Wang, Zuo Chenwei from HighGo (Chinese Team)
Teramoto Ikuhiro (Japanese Team)
Andreas Schild (German Team)

* Breaking Changes *

  - #5546, TopoGeometry <> TopoGeometry is now ambiguous, to get
           the old behaviour, assuming your TopoGeometry objects
           are named tg1 and tg2, use: (
              id(tg1) <> id(tg2) OR
              topology_id(tg1) <> topology_id(tg2) OR
              layer_id(tg1) <> layer_id(tg2) OR
              type(tg1) <> type(tg2)
           ) (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5536, comments are not anymore included in PostGIS extensions
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - xmllint is now required to build comments (Sandro Santilli)
  - DocBook5 XSL is now required to build html (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5602, Drop support for GEOS 3.6 and 3.7 (Regina Obe)
  - #5571, Improve ST_GeneratePoints performance, but old
           seeded pseudo random points will need to be regenerated.
  - #5596, GH-749, Allow promoting column as an id
           in ST_AsGeoJson(record,..).
           Views and materialized views that use the ST_AsGeoJSON(record ..)
           will need rebuilding to upgrade to new signature
           (Jan Tojnar)
  - #5496, ST_Clip all variants replaced, will require
           rebuilding of materialized views that use them
           (funding from The National Institute for Agricultural
            and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)),
            Regina Obe)
  - #5659, ST_DFullyWithin behaviour has changed to
           be ST_Contains(ST_Buffer(A, R), B) (Paul Ramsey)
  - Remove the WFS_locks extra package. (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5747, GH-776, ST_Length: Return 0 for CurvePolygon (Dan Baston)
  - #5770, support for GEOS 3.13 and RelateNG. Most functionality
           remains the same, but new GEOS predicate implementation
           has a few small changes.
      - Boundary Node Rule relate matrices might be different when
        using the "multi-valent end point" rule.
      - Relate matrices for situations with invalid MultiPolygons
        with shared boundaries might be different. Run ST_MakeValid
        to get valid inputs to feed to the calculation.
      - Zero length LineStrings are treated as if they are the
        equivalent Point object.

* Deprecated signatures *

  - GH-761, ST_StraightSkeleton => CG_StraightSkeleton (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GT-189, All SFCGAL functions now use the prefix CG_, with the old onesusing
            ST_ being deprecated. (Loïc Bartoletti)

* New Features *

  - Improvements in the 'postgis' script:
      - new command list-enabled
      - new command list-all
      - command upgrade upgrades all databases that need to be
      - command status reports status of all databases
    (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5742, expose version of PROJ at compile time (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5721, postgis_topology: Allow sharing sequences between different topologies (Lars Opsahl)
  - #5667, postgis_topology: TopoGeo_LoadGeometry (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5055, add explicit <> geometry operator to prevent non-unique
           error with <> and != (Paul Ramsey)
  - Add ST_HasZ/ST_HasM (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GT-123, postgis_sfcgal: CG_YMonotonePartition, CG_ApproxConvexPartition,
            CG_GreeneApproxConvexPartition and CG_OptimalConvexPartition
            (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GT-156, postgis_sfcgal: CG_Visibility (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GT-157, postgis_sfcgal: Add ST_ExtrudeStraightSkeleton (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - #5496, postgis_raster: ST_Clip support for touched (Regina Obe)
  - GH-760, postgis_sfcgal: CG_Intersection, CG_3DIntersects, CG_Intersects,
            CG_Difference, CG_Union (and aggregate), CG_Triangulate, CG_Area,
            CG_3DDistance, CG_Distance (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - #5687, Don't rely on search_path to determine postgis schema
           Fix for PG17 security change (Regina Obe)
  - #5705, GH-767, ST_RemoveIrrelevantPointsForView  (Sam Peters)
  - #5706, GH-768, ST_RemoveSmallParts (Sam Peters)

* Enhancements *

  - #5550, Fix upgrades from 2.x in sandboxed systems (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3587, postgis_topology: faster load of big lines in topologies (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5670, postgis_topology: faster ST_CreateTopoGeo (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5531, documentation format upgraded to DocBook 5 (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5543, allow building without documentation (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5596, GH-749, Allow promoting column as an id
          in ST_AsGeoJson(record,..). (Jan Tojnar)
  - GH-744, Don't create docbook.css for the HTML manual,
            use style.css instead (Chris Mayo)
  - Faster implementation of point-in-poly cached index (Paul Ramsey)
  - Improve performance of ST_GeneratePoints (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5361, ST_CurveN, ST_NumCurves and consistency in
           accessors on curved geometry (Paul Ramsey)
  - GH-761, postgis_sfcgal: Add an optional parameter to CG_StraightSkeleton
            (was ST_StraightSkeleton) to use m as a distance in result (Hannes Janetzek, Loïc Bartoletti)


PostGIS 3.4.0
2023/08/15

This version requires PostgreSQL 12-16, GEOS 3.6 or higher, and Proj 6.1+.
To take advantage of all features, GEOS 3.12+ is needed.
To take advantage of all SFCGAL features, SFCGAL 1.4.1+ is needed.

Many thanks to our translation teams, in particular:

Teramoto Ikuhiro (Japanese Team)
Vincent Bre (French Team)

There are 2 new ./configure switches:

 -  --disable-extension-upgrades-install, will skip installing all the extension upgrade scripts except for the ANY--currentversion. If you use this, you can install select upgrades using the postgis commandline tool
 -  --without-pgconfig, will build just the commandline tools
    raster2pgsql and shp2pgsql even if PostgreSQL is not installed

* New Features *
  - #5055, complete manual internationalization (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5052, target version support in postgis_extensions_upgrade
    (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5306, expose version of GEOS at compile time (Sandro Santilli)
  - New install-extension-upgrades command in postgis script (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5257, #5261, #5277, Support changes for PostgreSQL 16 (Regina Obe)
  - #5006, GH705, ST_Transform: Support PROJ pipelines (Robert Coup, Koordinates)
  - #5283, [postgis_topology] RenameTopology (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5286, [postgis_topology] RenameTopoGeometryColumn (Sandro Santilli)
  - GH703, [postgis_raster] Add min/max resampling as options (Christian Schroeder)
  - #5336, [postgis_topology] topogeometry cast to topoelement support (Regina Obe)
  - Allow singleton geometry to be inserted into Geometry(Multi*) columns (Paul Ramsey)
  - GH721, New window-based ST_ClusterWithinWin and ST_ClusterIntersectingWin (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5397, [address_standardizer] debug_standardize_address function (Regina Obe)
  - #5373, ST_LargestEmptyCircle, exposes extra semantics on circle finding
    Requires GEOS 3.9+ (Martin Davis)
  - #5267, ST_Project signature for geometry, and two-point signature (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5267, ST_LineExtend for extending linestrings (Paul Ramsey)
  - New coverage functions ST_CoverageInvalidEdges, ST_CoverageSimplify, ST_CoverageUnion (Paul Ramsey)


* Enhancements *
  - #5194, do not update system catalogs from postgis_extensions_upgrade (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5092, reduce number of upgrade paths installed on system,
           by providing an ANY intermediary path that all upgrades will
           go thru (Sandro Santilli)
  - #635, honour --bindir (and --prefix) configure switch for executables (Sandro Santilli)
  - Honour --mandir (and --prefix) configure switch for man pages install path (Sandro Santilli)
  - Honour --htmldir (and --docdir and --prefix) configure switch for
    html pages install path (Sandro Santilli)
  - [postgis_topology] Speed up check of topology faces without edges (Sandro Santilli)
  - [postgis_topology] Speed up coincident nodes check in topology validation  (Sandro Santilli)
  - GH718, ST_QuantizeCoordinates(): speed-up implementation (Even Rouault)
  - Repair spatial planner stats to use computed selectivity for contains/within queries (Paul Ramsey)
  - GH734, Additional metadata on Proj installation in postgis_proj_version (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5177, Allow building tools without PostgreSQL server headers (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5447, Manual pages added for postgis and postgis_restore utilities
    (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_Project signature for geometry, and two-point signature (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4913, ST_AsSVG support for curve types CircularString, CompoundCurve, MultiCurve,
           and MultiSurface (Regina Obe)
  - #5266, #5460 ST_ClosestPoint, ST_ShortestLine support for geography type
    (MobilityDB Esteban Zimanyi, Maxime Schoemans, Paul Ramsey)

* Breaking Changes *
  - #5229, Drop support for Proj < 6.1 and PG 11 (Regina Obe)
  - #5306, GH734, postgis_full_version() and postgis_proj_version()
    now output more information about proj network configuration
    and data paths. GEOS compile-time version
    also shown if different from run-time
    (Paul Ramsey, Sandro Santilli)
 - #5447, postgis_restore.pl renamed to postgis_restore
 (Sandro Santilli)
 - Utilities now installed in OS bin or
   user specified --bindir and --prefix
   instead of postgresql bin
   and extension stripped except on windows
   (postgis, postgis_restore, shp2pgsql, raster2pgsql, pgsql2shp,
   pgtopo_import, pgtopo_export)

PostGIS 3.3.0
2022/08/26

This version requires PostgreSQL 11 or higher, GEOS 3.6 or higher, and Proj 5.2+.
Additional features are enabled if you are running GEOS 3.9+
ST_MakeValid enhancements with 3.10+, ST_ConcaveHull and several other enhancements with GEOS 3.11+.
Requires SFCGAL 1.4.1+ for ST_AlphaShape and ST_OptimalAlphaShape.

The new --enable-lto flag improves math computations.  This new feature is disabled by default
because on some platforms, causes compilation errors (BSD and MingW64 issues have been raised)

Use below to enable it.

 ./configure --enable-lto flag

 * New features *
  - #5116, Topology export/import scripts (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_Letters creates geometries that look like letters (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5037, postgis_sfcgal: ST_3DConvexHull (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - postgis_sfcgal: sfcgal_full_version - reports BOOST and CGAL version
    (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GH659, MARC21/XML, ST_GeomFromMARC21, ST_AsMARC21 (Jim Jones)
  - #5132, GH683, sfcgal: ST_3DUnion aggregate function (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - #5143, SFCGAL ST_AlphaShape and ST_OptimalAlphaShape
           Requires SFCGAL 1.4.1+ (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - #5162, ST_TriangulatePolygon with GEOS 3.11+ (Paul Ramsey, Martin Davis)
  - #5169, ST_SimplifyPolygonHull with GEOS 3.11+ (Paul Ramsey, Martin Davis)
  - #5183, topology.RemoveUnusedPrimitives (Sandro Santilli)

 * Breaking changes *
  - Drop support for PostgreSQL 9.6 and 10 (Regina Obe)
  - Change output for WKT MULTIPOINT. All points now
    wrapped in parens. (Even Rouault)
  - GH674, geometry validation and fixing is disabled
    for ST_DumpAsPolygons and ST_Polygon so it works faster
    but might produce invalid polygons. (Aliaksandr Kalenik)

 * Enhancements *
  - #2861, Add index on topology.node(containing_face) speeding up
    splitting and merging of faces (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2083, Speed up ST_RemEdge topology functions adding index on
    relation(element_id) and edge_data(abs_next*) (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5118, Allow dropping topologies with missing topogeometry sequences
    (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5111, faster topology face MBR computation (Sandro Santilli)
  - postgis_extensions_upgrade() support for upgrades from any PostGIS
    version, including yet to be released ones (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5040, add postgis_sfcgal_full_version (Loïc Bartoletti)
  - GH655, GiST: balance the tree splits better in recursive calls (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - GH657, GiST: do not call no-op decompress function (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - #4939, #5161, ST_LineMerge now has option to keep the directions of input linestrings,
    useful when processing road graphs. Requires GEOS 3.11. (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - ST_ConcaveHull GEOS 3.11+ native implementation (Paul Ramsey, Martin Davis)
  - ST_ConcaveHull GEOS 3.11+ polygon-respecting native implementation (Paul Ramsey, Martin Davis)
  - #4574, GH678, #5121 Enable Link-Time Optimizations using --enable-lto (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - GH676, faster ST_Clip (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - #5135, Fast GiST index build is enabled by default for PostgreSQL 15+ (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - #4939, #5161, ST_LineMerge now has option to keep the directions of input linestrings,
    useful when processing road graphs. Requires GEOS 3.11. (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - #5158, pgtopo_import / pgtopo_export manpages (Sandro Santilli)
  - #5170, add a optional max_rows_per_copy to -Y option to raster2pgsql to
    control number of rows per copy statement.
    Default to 50 when not specified (Regina Obe)
  - GH698, support parallel aggregate for ST_Union (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - #5024, Update spatial_ref_sys as part of ALTER EXTENSION update postgis (Paul Ramsey)
  - #5039, postgis_tiger_geocoder TIGER 2021 (Regina Obe)

 * Bug Fix *
   These are fixes not backported to older minors
   - #4912, GiST: fix crash on STORAGE EXTERNAL for geography (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
   - #5088, Memory corruption in mvt_agg_transfn (Victor Collod)
   - #5137, resetting interrupt flags before query execution (Sergei Shoulbakov)
   - #5148, ST_Clip is more robust to alignment of raster and clip geometry (Sergei Shoulbakov)
   - #4932, Bug with geography ST_Intersects / ST_Distance (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5089, ST_Reverse also reverses components of CompoundCurve (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5089, ST_Reverse also reverses components of CompoundCurve (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5181, Reset proj error state after failed parse (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5171, Short circuit geodesic distance when inputs equal (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5154, raster ST_Value is undercosted (Regina Obe)
   - #5157, Revise minimum_bounding_circle Cunit test
            to be tolerant of small 32-bit floating point differences
            (Regina Obe)
   - #5191, Functions should use integer instead of int4 (Regina Obe)
   - #5139, PostGIS causes to_jsonb to no longer be parallel safe,
            ST_AsGeoJSON and ST_AsGML are also parallel unsafe
            (Regina Obe, Paul Ramsey)
   - #5025, Ensure that additional operators are not appended
            when the function and opfamily disagree
            about dimensionality (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5195, #5196  Change address_standardizer
            and postgis_tiger_geocoder CREATE EXTENSION to use CREATE
            instead of CREATE OR REPLACE. (Regina Obe)
   - #5202, Guard against downgrade (Sandro Santilli)
   - #5104, postgis_extensions_upgrade() fails with pgextwlist (Regina Obe)
   - #5179, pgsql2shp syntax error on big-endian (Bas Couwenberg)
   - #5173 st_asflatgeobuf detoast crash (Paul Ramsey)
   - #4932, Bug with geography ST_Intersects / ST_Distance (Paul Ramsey)
   - #5114, pgsql2shp segfault with long or many truncated columns


PostGIS 3.2.0 (Olivier Courtin Edition)
2021/12/17

This version requires PostgreSQL 9.6 or higher, GEOS 3.6 or higher, and Proj 4.9+.
Additional features are enabled if you are running GEOS 3.9+
(and ST_MakeValid enhancements with 3.10+),
Proj 6.1+, and PostgreSQL 14+.
Due to some query performance degradation
with the new fast index build that requires PG14,
we have decided to disable the feature by default
until we get more user testing
as to the true impact of real-world queries.
If you are running PG14+, you can re-enable it by doing

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY gist_geometry_ops_2d USING gist
     ADD FUNCTION 11 (geometry)
     geometry_gist_sortsupport_2d (internal);

and then reindex your gist indexes.

To revert back to the old index behavior:

   ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY gist_geometry_ops_2d using gist
     DROP FUNCTION 11 (geometry);

and then reindex your gist indexes.

 * Breaking changes *
  - #5008, Empty geometries are not reported as being within Infinite
           distance by ST_DWithin (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4824, Removed `--without-wagyu` build option. Using Wagyu is now mandatory to build with MVT support.
  - #4933, topology.GetFaceByPoint will not work with topologies having invalid edge linking.
  - #4981, ST_StartPoint support any geometry. No longer returns null for non-linestrings.
  - #4149, ST_AsMVTGeom now preserves more of original geometry's details at scale close to target extent.
           If you need previous simplifying behaviour, you can ST_Simplify the geometry in advance.
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - Proj 4.9 or higher is required
  - #5000, Turn off Window support in ST_AsMVT aggregate
        as no real use-case for it and it crashes with random input
        (Paul Ramsey)

 * Enhancements *
  - #4997, FlatGeobuf format input/output (Björn Harrtell)
  - #4575, GRANT SELECT on topology metadata tables to PUBLIC (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2592, Do not allow CreateTopology to define topologies with SRID < 0
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3232, Prevent moving an isolated node to different face
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - Consider collection TopoGeometries while editing topology primitives.
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3248, Prevent removing isolated edges if used in a TopoGeometry
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3231, Prevent removing isolated nodes if used in a TopoGeometry
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3239, Prevent headling topology edges if the connecting node is
           used in the definition of a TopoGeometry (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4950, Speed up checking containing_face for nodes in ValidateTopology
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4945, Multi-shell face check in ValidateTopology (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4944, Side-location conflict check in ValidateTopology (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3042, ValidateTopology check for edge linking (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3276, ValidateTopology check for face's mbr (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4936, Bounding box limited ValidateTopology (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4933, Speed up topology building in presence of big faces (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3233, ValidateTopology check for node's containing_face (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4830, ValidateTopology check for edges side face containment
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4827, Allow NaN coordinates in WKT input (Paul Ramsey)
  - ST_Value() accepts resample parameter to add bilinear option (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3778, #4401, ST_Boundary now works for TIN and does not linearize curves (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - #4881, #4884, Store sign of edge_id for lineal TopoGeometry in relation table
           to retain direction (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4628, Add an option to disable ANALYZE when loading shapefiles (Stefan Corneliu Petrea)
  - #4924, Faster ST_RemoveRepeatedPoints on large multipoints, O(NlogN) instead of O(N^2)
           (Aliaksandr Kalenik, Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4925, fix ST_DumpPoints to not overlook points (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - ST_SRID(topogeometry) override, to speedup lookups (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2175, Avoid creating additional nodes when adding same closed
           line to topology (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4974, Upgrade path for address_standardizer_data_us
           (Jan Katins of Aiven, Regina Obe)
  - #4975, PostGIS upgrade change to not use temp tables (Jan Katins of Aiven)
  - #4981, ST_StartPoint support any geometry (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - #4799, Include srs in GeoJSON where it exists in spatial_ref_sys.
  - #4986, GIST indexes on Postgres 14 are now created faster using Hilbert-sorting method.
           (Han Wang, Aliaksandr Kalenik, Darafei Praliaskouski, Giuseppe Broccolo)
  - #4949, Use proj_normalize_for_visualization to hand "axis swap" decisions (Paul Ramsey)
  - GH647, ST_PixelAsCentroids, ST_PixelAsCentroid reimplemented on top of a C function (Sergei Shoulbakov)
  - GH648, ST_AsMVTGeom now uses faster clipping (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - #5018, pgsql2shp basic support for WITH CTE clause (Regina Obe)
  - #5019, address_standardizer: Add support for pcre2 (Paul Ramsey)


 * New features*
  - #4923, topology.ValidateTopologyRelation (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4933, topology.GetFaceContainingPoint (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2175, ST_Scroll (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4841, FindTopology to quickly get a topology record (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4869, FindLayer to quickly get a layer record (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4851, TopoGeom_addTopoGeom function (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_MakeValid(geometry, options) allows alternative validity building
    algorithms with GEOS 3.10 (Paul Ramsey)
  - ST_InterpolateRaster() fills in raster cells between sample points
    using one of a number of algorithms (inverse weighted distance, average, etc)
    using algorithms from GDAL
    (Paul Ramsey)
  - ST_Contour() generates contour lines from raster values
    using algorithms from GDAL (Paul Ramsey)
  - ST_SetZ()/ST_SetM() fills in z/m coordinates of a geometry using data read
    from a raster (Paul Ramsey)
  - New postgis.gdal_vsi_options GUC allows out-db rasters on VSI network
    services to be accessed with authentication keys, etc. (Paul Ramsey)
  - ST_DumpSegments returns a set of segments of input geometry (Aliaksandr Kalenik)
  - #4859, ST_Point, ST_PointZ, ST_PointM, ST_PointZM, constructors
    with SRID parameter (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4808, ST_ClusterKMeans now supports max_radius argument. Use it when you're not sure what is
    the number of clusters but you know what the size of clusters should be. (Darafei Praliaskouski)


PostGIS 3.1.0
2020/12/18

This version requires PostgreSQL 9.6 or higher and GEOS 3.6 or higher
Additional features are enabled if you are running GEOS 3.9.

 * Breaking changes *
  - #4737, Bump minimum protobuf-c requirement to 1.1.0 (Raúl Marín)
           The configure step will now fail if the requirement isn't
           met or explicitly disabled (--without-protobuf)
  - #4258, Separated postgis_sfcgal from postgis
           into its own lib file and extension (Regina Obe)
  - #4577, Drop support for PostgreSQL 9.5 (Raúl Marín)
  - #4601, ST_TileEnvelope signature changed.
  - #3057, ST_Force3D, ST_Force3DZ, ST_Force3DM and ST_Force4D signatures changed.

* Deprecated signatures *
  - Function postgis_svn_version() replaced by postgis_lib_revision()
    (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4214, Deprecated ST_Count(tablename,...), ST_ApproxCount(tablename, ...)
           ST_SummaryStats(tablename, ..),
           ST_Histogram(tablename, ...), ST_ApproxHistogram(tablename, ...),
           ST_Quantile(tablename, ...), ST_ApproxQuantile(tablename, ...) removed.
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)

 * New features*
  - #4687, (GEOS 3.9+) MaximumInscribedCircle (Paul Ramsey)
  - (GEOS 3.9+) Optional gridSize parameter to ST_Union, ST_UnaryUnion,
           ST_Difference, ST_Intersection, ST_SymDifference, ST_Subdivide
           for overlay with exact tolerance (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4624, ST_HexagonGrid and ST_SquareGrid, set returning functions to
           generate tilings of the plane (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4624, ST_Hexagon and ST_Square, shape generators (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4804, (GEOS 3.9+) ST_ReducePrecision allows valid precision reduction
           (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4710, ST_ClusterKMeans now works with 3D geometries (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4801, ST_ClusterKMeans supports weights in POINT[Z]M geometries
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4805, _ST_SortableHash exposed to work around parallel sorting performance issue
           in Postgres. If your table is huge, use ORDER BY _ST_SortableHash(geom)
           instead of ORDER BY geom to make parallel sort faster (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4625, Correlation statistics now calculated.
           Run ANALYZE for BRIN indexes to start kicking in.
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4698, Add a precision parameter to ST_AsEWKT (Raúl Marín)

 * Enhancements *
  - #4789, Sped up TopoJSON output for areal TopoGeometry with
           many holes (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4758, Improved topology noding robustness (Sandro Santilli)
  - Make ST_Subdivide interruptible (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4660, Changes in double / coordinate printing (Raúl Marín)
         - Use the shortest representation (enough to guarantee roundtrip).
         - Uses scientific notation for absolute numbers smaller than 1e-8.
           The previous behaviour was to output 0 for absolute values smaller than
           1e-12 and fixed notation for anything bigger than that.
         - Uses scientific notation for absolute numbers greater than 1e+15
           (same behaviour).
         - The precision parameter now also affects the scientific notation
           (before it was fixed [5-8]).
         - All output functions now respect the requested precision (without
           any limits).
         - The default precision is the same (9 for GeoJSON, 15 for everything else).
  - #4746, Micro optimizations to the serialization process (Raúl Marín)
  - #4623, Optimize varlena returning functions (Raúl Marín)
  - #4615, Speed up geojson output (Raúl Marín)
  - #4737, Improve performance and reduce memory usage in ST_AsMVT, especially in
           queries involving parallelism (Raúl Marín)
  - #4719, Fail fast when srids don't match ST_Intersection(geometry,raster)
           Also schema qualify calls in function. (Regina Obe)
  - #4784, Add ST_CollectionExtract(geometry) with default behaviour of
           extracting the components of highest coordinate dimension. (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4675, topology.GetRingEdges now implemented in C (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4672, Cache getSRSbySRID and getSRIDbySRS for better performance (Raúl Marín)
  - #4676, #4657 Avoid decompressing toasted geometries to read only the header
           (Raúl Marín)
  - #4677, Share gserialized objects between different cache types (Raúl Marín)
  - #4601, Add ST_TileEnvelope margin argument (Yuri Astrakhan)
  - #2972, Add quiet mode (-q) to pgsql2shp (Kristian Thy)
  - #3057, Optional value params for Force3D*, Force4D functions (Kristian Thy)
  - #4569, Allow unknown SRID geometry insertion into typmod SRID column (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4149, ST_Simplify(geom, 0) is now O(N).
           ST_Affine (ST_Translate, ST_TransScale, ST_Rotate) optimized.
           ST_SnapToGrid optimized. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4656, Cast a geojson_text::geometry for implicit GeoJSON ingestion (Raúl Marín)


PostGIS 3.0.0
2019/10/20

This version requires PostgreSQL 9.5+-12 and GEOS >= 3.6+
Additional features enabled if you are running Proj6+, PostgreSQL 12
and GEOS 3.8.0

* Breaking Changes *
  - #4267, Bump minimum GEOS version to 3.6 (Regina Obe, Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3888, Raster support now available as a separate extension
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3807, Extension library files no longer include the minor version.
           Use New configure switch --with-library-minor-version
           if you need the old behavior (Regina Obe)
  - #4230, ND box operators (overlaps, contains, within, equals) now
           don't look on dimensions that aren't present in both operands.
           Please REINDEX your ND indexes after upgrade. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4229, Dropped support for PostgreSQL < 9.5. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4260, liblwgeom headers are not installed anymore.
           If your project depends on them available, please use
           librttopo instead. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4258, Remove SFCGAL support for ST_Area, ST_Distance, ST_Intersection,
           ST_Difference, ST_Union, ST_Intersects, ST_3DIntersects, ST_3DDistance
           and postgis.backend switch (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4267, Enable Proj 6 deprecated APIs (Darafei Praliaskouski, Raúl Marín)
  - #4268, Bump minimum SFCGAL version to 1.3.1 (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4331, ST_3DMakeBox now returns error instead of a minuscule box (Regina Obe)
  - #4342, Removed "versioned" variants of ST_AsGeoJSON and ST_AsKML (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4356, ST_Accum removed. Use array_agg instead. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4414, Include version number in address_standardizer lib (Raúl Marín)
  - #4334, Fix upgrade issues related to renamed function parameters (Raúl Marín)
  - #4442, raster2pgsql now skips NODATA tiles. Use -k option if you still want
           them in database for some reason. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4433, 32-bit hash fix (requires reindexing hash(geometry) indexes) (Raúl Marín)
  - #3383, Sorting now uses Hilbert curve and Postgres Abbreviated Compare.
           You need to REINDEX your btree indexes if you had them.
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)

* New Features *
  - #2902, postgis_geos_noop (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4128, ST_AsMVT support for Feature ID (Stepan Kuzmin)
  - #4230, SP-GiST and GiST support for ND box operators overlaps, contains,
           within, equals (Esteban Zimányi and Arthur Lesuisse from Université
           Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4171, ST_3DLineInterpolatePoint (Julien Cabieces, Vincent Mora)
  - #4311, Introduce WAGYU to validate MVT polygons. This option requires a C++11
           compiler and will use CXXFLAGS (not CFLAGS). Add `--without-wagyu`
           to disable this option and keep the behaviour from 2.5 (Raúl Marín)
  - #1833, ST_AsGeoJSON(row) generates full GeoJSON Features (Joe Conway)
  - #3687, Casts json(geometry) and jsonb(geometry) for implicit GeoJSON
           generation (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4198, Add ST_ConstrainedDelaunayTriangles SFCGAL function (Darafei
           Praliaskouski)

* Enhancements *
  - #4341, Using "support function" API in PgSQL 12+ to replace SQL inlining
           as the mechanism for providing index support under ST_Intersects, et al
  - #4330, postgis_restore OOM when output piped to an intermediate process
           (Hugh Ranalli)
  - #4322, Support for Proj 6+ API, bringing more accurate datum transforms
           and support for WKT projections
  - #4153, ST_Segmentize now splits segments proportionally (Darafei
           Praliaskouski).
  - #4162, ST_DWithin documentation examples for storing geometry and
           radius in table (Darafei Praliaskouski, github user Boscop).
  - #4161 and #4294, ST_AsMVTGeom: Shortcut geometries smaller than the
           resolution (Raúl Marín)
  - #4176, ST_Intersects supports GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4181, ST_AsMVTGeom: Avoid type changes due to validation (Raúl Marín)
  - #4183, ST_AsMVTGeom: Drop invalid geometries after simplification (Raúl Marín)
  - #4196, Have postgis_extensions_upgrade() package unpackaged extensions
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4215, Use floating point compare in ST_DumpAsPolygons (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4155, Support for GEOMETRYCOLLECTION, POLYGON, TIN, TRIANGLE in
           ST_LocateBetween and ST_LocateBetweenElevations (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #2767, Documentation for AddRasterConstraint optional parameters (Sunveer Singh)
  - #4244, Avoid unaligned memory access in BOX2D_out (Raúl Marín)
  - #4139, Make mixed-dimension ND index build tree correctly (Darafei Praliaskouski,
           Arthur Lesuisse, Andrew Gierth, Raúl Marín)
  - #4262, Document MULTISURFACE compatibility of ST_LineToCurve (Steven Ottens)
  - #4276, ST_AsGeoJSON documentation refresh (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4292, ST_AsMVT: parse JSON numeric values with decimals as doubles (Raúl Marín)
  - #4300, ST_AsMVTGeom: Always return the simplest geometry (Raúl Marín)
  - #4301, ST_Subdivide: fix endless loop on coordinates near coincident to bounds
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4289, ST_AsMVTGeom: Transform coordinates space before clipping (Raúl Marín)
  - #4272, Improve notice message when unable to compute stats (Raúl Marín)
  - #4313, #4307, PostgreSQL 12 compatibility (Laurenz Albe, Raúl Marín)
  - #4299, #4304, ST_GeneratePoints is now VOLATILE. IMMUTABLE version with
           seed parameter added. (Mike Taves)
  - #4278, ST_3DDistance and ST_3DIntersects now support Solid TIN and Solid
           POLYHEDRALSURFACE (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4348, ST_AsMVTGeom (GEOS): Enforce validation at all times (Raúl Marín)
  - #4295, Allow GEOMETRYCOLLECTION in ST_Overlaps, ST_Contains, ST_ContainsProperly,
           ST_Covers, ST_CoveredBy, ST_Crosses, ST_Touches, ST_Disjoint, ST_Relate,
           ST_Equals (Esteban Zimányi)
  - #4340, ST_Union aggregate now can handle more than 1 GB of geometries
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4378, Allow passing TINs as input to GEOS-backed functions (Darafei
           Praliaskouski)
  - #4368, Reorder LWGEOM struct members to minimize extra padding (Raúl Marín)
  - #4141, Use uint64 to handle row counts in the topology extension (Raúl Marín)
  - #4225, Upgrade tiger to use tiger 2018 census files
  - #4412, Support ingesting rasters with NODATA=NaN (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4413, Raster tile size follows GeoTIFF block size on raster2pgsql -t auto
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4422, Modernize Python 2 code to get ready for Python 3 (Christian Clauss)
  - #4352, Use CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE for PG12+ (Raúl Marín)
  - #4394, Allow FULL OUTER JOIN on geometry equality operator (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4441, Make GiST penalty friendly to multi-column indexes and build single-column
           ones faster. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4403, Support for shp2pgsql ability to reproject with copy mode (-D) (Regina Obe)
  - #4410, More descriptive error messages about SRID mismatch (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4399, TIN and Triangle output support in all output functions (Darafei
           Praliaskouski)
  - #3719, Impose minimum number of segments per arc during linearization
           (Dan Baston / City of Helsinki, Raúl Marín)
  - #4277, ST_GeomFromGeoJSON now marks SRID=4326 by default as per RFC7946,
           ST_AsGeoJSON sets SRID in JSON output if it differs from 4326.
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3979, postgis_sfcgal_noop() round trip function (Lucas C. Villa Real)
  - #4328, ST_3DIntersects for 2D TINs. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4509, Update geocoder for tiger 2019 (Regina Obe)


PostGIS 2.5.0
2018/09/23
WARNING: If compiling with PostgreSQL+JIT, LLVM >= 6 is required
Supported PostgreSQL versions for this release are:
PostgreSQL 9.4 - PostgreSQL 12 (in development)
GEOS >= 3.5

* New Features *
  - #1847, SP-GiST 2D and 3D support for PostgreSQL 11+ (Esteban Zimányi and
           Arthur Lesuisse from Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Darafei
           Praliaskouski)
  - #4056, ST_FilterByM (Nicklas Avén)
  - #4050, ST_ChaikinSmoothing (Nicklas Avén)
  - #3989, ST_Buffer single sided option (Stephen Knox)
  - #3876, ST_Angle function (Rémi Cura)
  - #3564, ST_LineInterpolatePoints (Dan Baston)
  - #3896, PostGIS_Extensions_Upgrade() (Regina Obe)
  - #3913, Upgrade when creating extension from unpackaged (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2256, _postgis_index_extent() for extent from index (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3176, Add ST_OrientedEnvelope (Dan Baston)
  - #4029, Add ST_QuantizeCoordinates (Dan Baston)
  - #4063, Optional false origin point for ST_Scale (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4082, Add ST_BandFileSize and ST_BandFileTimestamp,
           extend ST_BandMetadata (Even Rouault)
  - #2597, Add ST_Grayscale (Bborie Park)
  - #4007, Add ST_SetBandPath (Bborie Park)
  - #4008, Add ST_SetBandIndex (Bborie Park)

* Breaking Changes *
  - #4054, ST_SimplifyVW changed from > tolerance to >= tolerance
  - #3885, version number removed from address_standardize lib file
           (Regina Obe)
  - #3893, raster support functions can only be loaded in the same schema
           with core PostGIS functions. (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4035, remove dummy pgis_abs type from aggregate/collect routines.
           (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4069, drop support for GEOS < 3.5 and PostgreSQL < 9.4 (Regina Obe)
  - #4082, ST_BandMetaData extended to include filesize, timestamp (Even Rouault)

* Enhancements and Fixes*
  - Upgrade scripts from multiple old versions are now all symlinks
    to a single upgrade script (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3944, Update to EPSG register v9.2 (Even Rouault)
  - #3927, Parallel implementation of ST_AsMVT
  - #3925, Simplify geometry using map grid cell size before generating MVT
  - #3899, BTree sort order is now defined on collections of EMPTY and
           same-prefix geometries (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3864, Performance improvement for sorting POINT geometries
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3900, GCC warnings fixed, make -j is now working (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - TopoGeo_addLinestring robustness improvements (Sandro Santilli)
    #1855, #1946, #3718, #3838
  - #3234, Do not accept EMPTY points as topology nodes (Sandro Santilli)
  - #1014, Hashable geometry, allowing direct use in CTE signatures (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3097, Really allow MULTILINESTRING blades in ST_Split() (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3942, geojson: Do not include private header for json-c >= 0.13 (Björn Esser)
  - #3954, ST_GeometricMedian now supports point weights (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3965, #3971, #3977, #4071 ST_ClusterKMeans rewritten: better initialization,
           faster convergence, K=2 even faster (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3982, ST_AsEncodedPolyline supports LINESTRING EMPTY and MULTIPOINT EMPTY
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3986, ST_AsText now has second argument to limit decimal digits
           (Marc Ducobu, Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4020, Casting from box3d to geometry now returns correctly connected
           PolyhedralSurface (Matthias Bay)
  - #2508, ST_OffsetCurve now works with collections (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4006, ST_GeomFromGeoJSON support for json and jsonb as input
           (Paul Ramsey, Regina Obe)
  - #4038, ST_Subdivide now selects pivot for geometry split that reuses input
           vertices. (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4025, #4032 Fixed precision issue in ST_ClosestPointOfApproach,
           ST_DistanceCPA, and ST_CPAWithin (Paul Ramsey, Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4076, Reduce use of GEOS in topology implementation (Björn Harrtell)
  - #4080, Add external raster band index to ST_BandMetaData
  - Add Raster Tips section to Documentation for information about
    Raster behavior (e.g. Out-DB performance, maximum open files)
  - #4084: Fixed wrong code-comment regarding front/back of BOX3D (Matthias Bay)
  - #4060, #4094, PostgreSQL JIT support (Raúl Marín, Laurenz Albe)
  - #3960, ST_Centroid now uses lwgeom_centroid (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4027, Remove duplicated code in lwgeom_geos (Darafei Praliaskouski,
           Daniel Baston)
  - #4115, Fix a bug that created MVTs with incorrect property values under
    parallel plans (Raúl Marín).
  - #4120, ST_AsMVTGeom: Clip using tile coordinates (Raúl Marín).
  - #4132, ST_Intersection on Raster now works without throwing TopologyException
          (Vinícius A.B. Schmidt, Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4177, #4180 Support for PostgreSQL 12 dev branch (Laurenz Albe, Raúl Marín)
  - #4156, ST_ChaikinSmoothing: also smooth start/end point of
  polygon by default (Darafei Praliaskouski)

PostGIS 2.4.5
2018/09/12

  * Bug Fixes and Enhancements

  - #4031, Survive to big MaxError tolerances passed to ST_CurveToLine
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4058, Fix infinite loop in linearization of a big radius small arc
           (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4071, ST_ClusterKMeans crash on NULL/EMPTY fixed (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4079, ensure St_AsMVTGeom outputs CW oriented polygons (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4070, use standard interruption error code on GEOS interruptions
           (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3980, delay freeing input until processing complete (lucasvr)
  - #4090, PG 11 support (Paul Ramsey, Raúl Marín)
  - #4077, Serialization failure for particular empty geometry cases (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3997, fix bug in lwgeom_median and avoid division by zero (Raúl Marín)
  - #4093, Inconsistent results from qsort callback (yugr)
  - #4081, Geography DWithin() issues for certain cases (Paul Ramsey)
  - #4105, Parallel build of tarball (Bas Couwenberg)
  - #4163, MVT: Fix resource leak when the first geometry is NULL (Raúl Marín)

PostGIS 2.4.4
2018/04/08

 * Bug fixes *
  - #3055, [raster] ST_Clip() on a raster without band crashes the server
          (Regina Obe)
  - #3942, geojson: Do not include private header for json-c >= 0.13
           (Björn Esser)
  - #3952, ST_Transform fails in parallel mode (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3978, Fix KNN when upgrading from 2.1 or older (Sandro Santilli)
  - #4003, lwpoly_construct_circle: Avoid division by zero (Raúl Marín Rodríguez)
  - #4004, Avoid memory exhaustion when building a btree index (Edmund Horner)
  - #4016, proj 5.0.0 support (Raúl Marín Rodríguez)
  - #4017, lwgeom lexer memory corruption (Peter E)
  - #4020, Casting from box3d to geometry now returns correctly connected
           PolyhedralSurface (Matthias Bay)
  - #4025, #4032 Incorrect answers for temporally "almost overlapping" ranges
           (Paul Ramsey, Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #4052, schema qualify several functions in geography (Regina Obe)
  - #4055, ST_ClusterIntersecting drops SRID (Daniel Baston)
  - #4067, Guard lookup of namespace in internal call case

 * Enhancements *
  - #3946, Compile support for PgSQL 11 (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3992, Use PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG macro from pkg.m4 to detect pkg-config
           (Bas Couwenberg)
  - #4044, Upgrade support for PgSQL 11 (Regina Obe)

PostGIS 2.4.3
2018/01/17

 * Bug fixes *
  - #3713, Support encodings that happen to output a '\' character
  - #3827, Set configure default to not do interrupt testing,
           was causing false negatives for many people (Regina Obe)
           revised to be standards compliant in #3988 (Greg Troxel)
  - #3930, Minimum bounding circle issues on 32-bit platforms
  - #3965, ST_ClusterKMeans used to lose some clusters on initialization
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3956, Brin opclass object does not upgrade properly (Sandro Santilli)
  - #3982, ST_AsEncodedPolyline supports LINESTRING EMPTY and MULTIPOINT EMPTY
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3975, ST_Transform runs query on spatial_ref_sys without schema
           qualification. Was causing restore issues. (Paul Ramsey)

 * Enhancements *
  - #3944, Update to EPSG register v9.2 (Even Rouault)

PostGIS 2.4.2
2017/11/15

 * Bug fixes *
  - #3917, Fix zcta5 load
  - #3667, Fix for bug in geography ST_Segmentize
  - #3926, Add missing 2.2.6 and 2.3.4 upgrade paths (Muhammad Usama)


PostGIS 2.4.1
2017/10/18

 * Bug fixes *
  - #3864, Fix memory leaks in BTREE operators
  - #3869, Fix build with "gold" linker
  - #3845, Gracefully handle short-measure issue
  - #3871, Performance tweak for geometry cmp function
  - #3879, Division by zero in some arc cases
  - #3878, Single defn of signum in header
  - #3880, Undefined behaviour in TYPMOD_GET_SRID
  - #3875, Fix undefined behaviour in shift operation
  - #3864, Performance improvements for b-tree geometry sorts
  - #3874, lw_dist2d_pt_arc division by zero
  - #3882, undefined behaviour in zigzag with negative inputs
  - #3891, undefined behaviour in pointarray_to_encoded_polyline
  - #3895, throw error on malformed WKB input
  - #3886, fix rare missing boxes in geometry subdivision
  - #3907, Allocate enough space for all possible GBOX string outputs (Raúl Marín Rodríguez)

 * Enhancements *
  - #3815, Tiger 2017 data support and option to load zcta5

PostGIS 2.4.0
2017/09/30

 * New Features *
  - #3822, Have postgis_full_version() also show and check version of
           PostgreSQL the scripts were built against (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2411, curves support in ST_Reverse (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2951, ST_Centroid for geography (Danny Götte)
  - #3788, Allow postgis_restore.pl to work on directory-style (-Fd) dumps
           (Roger Crew)
  - #3772, Direction agnostic ST_CurveToLine output (Sandro Santilli / KKGeo)
  - #2464, ST_CurveToLine with MaxError tolerance (Sandro Santilli / KKGeo)
  - #3599, Geobuf output support via ST_AsGeobuf (Björn Harrtell)
  - #3661, Mapbox vector tile output support via ST_AsMVT (Björn Harrtell / CartoDB)
  - #3689, Add orientation checking and forcing functions:
           ST_IsPolygonCW, ST_IsPolygonCCW,
           ST_ForcePolygonCW, ST_ForcePolygonCCW
           (Dan Baston)
  - #3753, Gist penalty speed improvements for 2D and ND points
           (Darafei Praliaskouski, Andrey Borodin)
  - #3677, ST_FrechetDistance (Shinichi Sugiyama)
  - Most aggregates (raster and geometry),
    and all stable / immutable (raster and geometry) marked as parallel safe
  - #2249, ST_MakeEmptyCoverage for raster (David Zwarg, ainomieli)
  - #3709, Allow signed distance for ST_Project (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #524, Covers support for polygon on polygon, line on line,
          point on line for geography (Danny Götte)

* Enhancements and Fixes*
  - Many corrections to docs and several translations almost complete.
    Andreas Schild who provided many corrections to core docs.
    PostGIS Japanese translation team first to reach completion of translation.

  - Support for PostgreSQL 10
  - Preliminary support for PostgreSQL 11
  - #3645, Avoid loading logically deleted records from shapefiles
  - #3747, Add zip4 and address_alphanumeric as attributes
           to norm_addy tiger_geocoder type.
  - #3748, address_standardizer lookup tables update
           so pagc_normalize_address better standardizes abbreviations
  - #3647, better handling of noding in ST_Node using GEOSNode
          (Wouter Geraedts)
  - #3684, Update to EPSG register v9
          (Even Rouault)
  - #3830, Fix initialization of incompatible type (>=9.6) address_standardizer
  - #3662, Make shp2pgsql work in debug mode by sending debug to stderr
  - #3405, Fixed memory leak in lwgeom_to_points
  - #3832, Support wide integer fields as int8 in shp2pgsql
  - #3841, Deterministic sorting support for empty geometries in btree geography
  - #3844, Make = operator a strict equality test, and < > to rough "spatial sorting"
  - #3855, ST_AsTWKB memory and speed improvements


PostGIS 2.3.3
2017/07/01

  * Bug Fixes

  - #3777, GROUP BY anomaly with empty geometries
  - #3711, Azimuth error upon adding 2.5D edges to topology
  - #3726, PDF manual from dblatex renders fancy quotes for programlisting
           (Mike Toews)
  - #3738, raster: Using -s without -Y in raster2pgsql transforms
           raster data instead of setting srid
  - #3744, ST_Subdivide loses subparts of inverted geometries
           (Darafei Praliaskouski)
  - #3750, @ and ~ operator not always schema qualified in geometry
           and raster functions. Causes restore issues.
           (Shane StClair of Axiom Data Science)
  - #3682, Strange fieldlength for boolean in result of pgsql2shp
  - #3701, Escape double quotes issue in pgsql2shp
  - #3704, ST_AsX3D crashes on empty geometry
  - #3730, Change ST_Clip from Error to Notice when ST_Clip can't compute a band


PostGIS 2.3.2
2017/01/31

  * Bug Fixes

  - #3418, KNN recheck in 9.5+ fails with index returned tuples in wrong order
  - #3675, Relationship functions not using an index in some cases
  - #3680, PostGIS upgrade scripts missing GRANT for views
  - #3683, Unable to update postgis after postgres pg_upgrade going from < 9.5 to pg > 9.4
  - #3688, ST_AsLatLonText: round minutes


PostGIS 2.3.1
2016/11/28

  * Bug Fixes

  - #1973, st_concavehull() returns sometimes empty geometry collection
           (gde)
  - #3501, add raster constraint max extent exceeds array size limit
           for large tables
  - #3643, PostGIS not building on latest OSX XCode
  - #3644, Deadlock on interrupt
  - #3650, Mark ST_Extent, ST_3DExtent and ST_Mem*
           agg functions as parallel safe so they can be parallelized
  - #3652, Crash on Collection(MultiCurve())
  - #3656, Fix upgrade of aggregates from 2.2 or lower version
  - #3659, Crash caused by raster GUC define after CREATE EXTENSION
           using wrong memory context. (manaeem)
  - #3665, Index corruption and memory leak in BRIN indexes
           (Julien Rouhaud of Dalibo)
  - #3667, geography ST_Segmentize bug
           (Hugo Mercier of Oslandia)


PostGIS 2.3.0
2016/09/26

 * Important / Breaking Changes *

  - #3466, Casting from box3d to geometry now returns a 3D
           geometry (Julien Rouhaud of Dalibo)
  - #3604, pgcommon/Makefile.in orders CFLAGS incorrectly leading to
           wrong liblwgeom.h (Greg Troxel)
  - #3396, ST_EstimatedExtent, throw WARNING instead of ERROR
           (Regina Obe)

 * New Features *

  - Add support for custom TOC in postgis_restore.pl
    (Christoph Moench-Tegeder)
  - Add support for negative indexing in ST_PointN and ST_SetPoint
    (Rémi Cura)
  - Add parameters for geography ST_Buffer (Thomas Bonfort)
  - TopoGeom_addElement, TopoGeom_remElement (Sandro Santilli)
  - populate_topology_layer (Sandro Santilli)
  - #454,  ST_WrapX and lwgeom_wrapx (Sandro Santilli)
  - #1758, ST_Normalize (Sandro Santilli)
  - #2236, shp2pgsql -d now emits "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS"
  - #2259, ST_VoronoiPolygons and ST_VoronoiLines (Dan Baston)
  - #2841 and #2996, ST_MinimumBoundingRadius and new ST_MinimumBoundingCircle
           implementation using Welzl's algorithm (Dan Baston)
  - #2991, Enable ST_Transform to use PROJ.4 text (Mike Toews)
  - #3059, Allow passing per-dimension parameters in ST_Expand (Dan Baston)
  - #3339, ST_GeneratePoints (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3362, ST_ClusterDBSCAN (Dan Baston)
  - #3364, ST_GeometricMedian (Dan Baston)
  - #3391, Add table inheritance support in ST_EstimatedExtent
           (Alessandro Pasotti)
  - #3424, ST_MinimumClearance (Dan Baston)
  - #3428, ST_Points (Dan Baston)
  - #3465, ST_ClusterKMeans (Paul Ramsey)
  - #3469, ST_MakeLine with MULTIPOINTs (Paul Norman)
  - #3549, Support PgSQL 9.6 parallel query mode, as far as possible
           (Paul Ramsey, Regina Obe)
  - #3557, Geometry function costs based on query stats (Paul Norman)
  - #3591, Add support for BRIN indexes. PostgreSQL 9.4+ required.
           (Giuseppe Broccolo of 2nd Quadrant, Julien Rouhaud
            and Ronan Dunklau of Dalibo)
  - #3496, Make postgis non-relocateable for extension install,
           schema qualify calls in functions (Regina Obe)
           Should resolve once and for all for extensions #3494, #3486, #3076
  - #3547, Update tiger geocoder to support TIGER 2016
           and to support both http and ftp.
  - #3613, Segmentize geography using equal length segments
           (Hugo Mercier of Oslandia)

 * Bug Fixes

 - #2841, ST_MinimumBoundingCircle not covering original

 * Performance Enhancements *

  - #75, Enhancement to PIP short circuit (Dan Baston)
  - #3383, Avoid deserializing small geometries during index operations
           (Dan Baston)
  - #3400, Minor optimization of PIP routines (Dan Baston)
  - Make adding a line to topology interruptible (Sandro Santilli)
  - Documentation updates from Mike Toews


PostGIS 2.2.2
2016/03/22

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #3463, Fix crash on face-collapsing edge change
  - #3422, Improve ST_Split robustness on standard precision double
           systems (arm64, ppc64el, s390c, powerpc, ...)
  - #3427, Update spatial_ref_sys to EPSG version 8.8
  - #3433, ST_ClusterIntersecting incorrect for MultiPoints
  - #3435, ST_AsX3D fix rendering of concave geometries
  - #3436, memory handling mistake in ptarray_clone_deep
  - #3437, ST_Intersects incorrect for MultiPoints
  - #3461, ST_GeomFromKML crashes Postgres when there are
           innerBoundaryIs and no outerBoundaryIs
  - #3429, upgrading to 2.3 or from 2.1 can cause loop/hang on some platforms
  - #3460, ST_ClusterWithin 'Tolerance not defined' error after upgrade
  - #3490, Raster data restore issues, materialized views
           Scripts postgis_proc_set_search_path.sql,
           rtpostgis_proc_set_search_path.sql refer to
           http://postgis.net/docs/manual-2.2/RT_FAQ.html#faq_raster_data_not_restore
  - #3426, failing POINT EMPTY tests on fun architectures


PostGIS 2.2.1
2016/01/06

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2232, avoid accumulated error in SVG rounding
  - #3321, Fix performance regression in topology loading
  - #3329, Fix robustness regression in TopoGeo_addPoint
  - #3349, Fix installation path of postgis_topology scripts
  - #3351, set endnodes isolation on ST_RemoveIsoEdge
           (and lwt_RemIsoEdge)
  - #3355, geography ST_Segmentize has geometry bbox
  - #3359, Fix toTopoGeom loss of low-id primitives from
           TopoGeometry definition
  - #3360, _raster_constraint_info_scale invalid input syntax
  - #3375, crash in repeated point removal for collection(point)
  - #3378, Fix handling of hierarchical TopoGeometries
           in presence of multiple topologies
  - #3380, #3402, Decimate lines on topology load
  - #3388, #3410, Fix missing end-points in ST_RemoveRepeatedPoints
  - #3389, Buffer overflow in lwgeom_to_geojson
  - #3390, Compilation under Alpine Linux 3.2 gives an error when
           compiling the postgis and postgis_topology extensions
  - #3393, ST_Area NaN for some polygons
  - #3401, Improve ST_Split robustness on 32bit systems
  - #3404, ST_ClusterWithin crashes backend
  - #3407, Fix crash on splitting a face or an edge
           defining multiple TopoGeometry objects
  - #3411, Clustering functions not using spatial index
  - #3412, Improve robustness of snapping step in TopoGeo_addLinestring
  - #3415, Fix OSX 10.9 build under pkgsrc
  - Fix memory leak in lwt_ChangeEdgeGeom [liblwgeom]


PostGIS 2.2.0
2015/10/07

 * Important / Breaking Changes *

  - PROJ4 4.6 and higher only
  - #2703, KNN <-> operator now returns the correct distance ordering
           for all geometry types, not just for points. Code that expects
           the looser "centroid distance" ordering should be updated.
  - #3022, ValidateTopology swapped meaning of id1 and id2 for the
           'edge crosses node' error (now edge_id,node_id)
  - #2565, ST_SummaryStats(tablename, rastercolumn, ...) uses
           ST_SummaryStatsAgg()
  - #2567, ST_Count(tablename, rastercolumn, ...) uses ST_CountAgg()
  - #2842, raster - Hide unselectable tables from raster_overview
        and raster_columns
  - By default, PostGIS raster disables all GDAL drivers affecting
    out-db rasters, ST_FromGDALRaster() and ST_AsGDALRaster() variants
  - #3181, POINT EMPTY is now stored as POINT(NaN NaN) in WKB, instead of as MULTIPOINT EMPTY
  - Java binding moved to separate repository:
    https://github.com/postgis/postgis-java

 * Deprecated signatures *

  - #2748, ST_Shift_Longitude renamed to ST_ShiftLongitude,
           ST_Find_Extent renamed to ST_FindExtent,
           ST_Combine_BBox renamed to ST_CombineBbox,
           ST_Length_Spheroid renamed to ST_LengthSpheroid,
           ST_Distance_Spheroid renamed to ST_DistanceSpheroid,
           ST_Distance_Sphere renamed to ST_DistanceSphere,
           ST_3DLength_Spheroid deprecated (use ST_LengthSpheroid)
  - #2769, ST_Mem_Size renamed to ST_MemSize
  - #2565, ST_SummaryStats(tablename, rastercolumn, ...)
  - #2567, ST_Count(tablename, rastercolumn, ...)

 * New Features *

  - Topology API in liblwgeom
    (Sandro Santilli / Regione Toscana - SITA)
  - New lwgeom_version method in liblwgeom
  - New lwgeom_unaryunion method in liblwgeom
  - New lwgeom_linemerge method in liblwgeom
  - New lwgeom_is_simple method in liblwgeom
  - #3117, Add SFCGAL 1.1 support: add ST_3DDifference, ST_3DUnion,
           ST_Volume, ST_MakeSolid, ST_IsSolid (Vincent Mora / Oslandia)
  - #3169, ST_ApproximateMedialAxis (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_CPAWithin (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - Add |=| operator with CPA semantic and KNN support with PgSQL 9.5+
    (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - #3131, KNN support for the geography type (Paul Ramsey / CartoDB)
  - #3023, ST_ClusterIntersecting / ST_ClusterWithin (Dan Baston)
  - #2703, Exact KNN results for all geometry types, aka "KNN re-check" (Paul Ramsey / CartoDB)
  - #1137, Allow a tolerance value in ST_RemoveRepeatedPoints (Paul Ramsey / CartoDB)
  - #3062, Allow passing M factor to ST_Scale (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - #3139, ST_BoundingDiagonal (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - #3129, ST_IsValidTrajectory (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - #3128, ST_ClosestPointOfApproach (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - #3152, ST_DistanceCPA (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - Canonical output for index key types
  - ST_SwapOrdinates (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - #2918, Use GeographicLib functions for geodetics (Mike Toews)
  - #3074, ST_Subdivide to break up large geometry (Paul Ramsey / CartoDB)
  - #3040, KNN GiST index based centroid (<<->>)
           n-D distance operators (Sandro Santilli / Boundless)
  - Interruptibility API for liblwgeom (Sandro Santilli / CartoDB)
  - #2939, ST_ClipByBox2D (Sandro Santilli / CartoDB)
  - #2247, ST_Retile and ST_CreateOverview: in-db raster overviews creation
           (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #899, -m shp2pgsql attribute names mapping -m switch
           (Regina Obe / Sandro Santilli)
  - #1678, Added GUC postgis.gdal_datapath to specify GDAL config
           variable GDAL_DATA
  - #2843, Support reprojection on raster import
           (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #2349, Support for encoded_polyline input/output (Kashif Rasul)
  - #2159, report libjson version from postgis_full_version()
  - #2770, ST_MemSize(raster)
  - Add postgis_noop(raster)
  - Added missing variants of ST_TPI(), ST_TRI() and ST_Roughness()
  - Added GUC postgis.gdal_enabled_drivers to specify GDAL config
    variable GDAL_SKIP
  - Added GUC postgis.enable_outdb_rasters to enable access to
    rasters with out-db bands
  - #2387, address_standardizer extension as part of PostGIS
           Stephen Woodbridge (imaptools.com), Walter Sinclair, Regina Obe
  - #2816, address_standardizer_data_us extension
           provides reference lex,gaz,rules for address_standardizer
           Stephen Woodbridge (imaptools.com), Walter Sinclair, Regina Obe
  - #2341, New mask parameter for ST_MapAlgebra
  - #2397, read encoding info automatically in shapefile loader
  - #2430, ST_ForceCurve
  - #2565, ST_SummaryStatsAgg()
  - #2567, ST_CountAgg()
  - #2632, ST_AsGML() support for curved features
  - #2652, Add --upgrade-path switch to run_test.pl
  - #2754, sfcgal wrapped as an extension
  - #2227, Simplification with Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm
           ST_SimplifyVW, ST_SetEffectiveArea (Nicklas Avén)
  - Functions to encode and decode TWKB
    ST_AsTWKB, ST_GeomFromTWKB (Paul Ramsey / Nicklas Avén / CartoDB)

 * Enhancements *

  - #3223, Add memcmp short-circuit to ST_Equals (Daniel Baston)
  - #3227, Tiger geocoder upgraded to support Tiger 2015 census
  - #2278, Make liblwgeom potentially ABI-compatible between micro releases
  - #897, ST_AsX3D support for GeoCoordinates and systems "GD" "WE"
           ability to flip x/y axis (use option = 2, 3)
  - ST_Split: allow splitting lines by multilines, multipoints
              and (multi)polygon boundaries
  - #3070, Simplify geometry type constraint
  - #2839, Implement selectivity estimator for functional indexes,
           speeding up spatial queries on raster tables.
           (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #2361, Added spatial_index column to raster_columns view
  - #2390, Testsuite for pgsql2shp
  - #2527, Added -k flag to raster2pgsql to skip checking that
           band is NODATA
  - #2616, Reduce text casts during topology building and export
  - #2717, support startpoint, endpoint, pointn, numpoints for compoundcurve
  - #2747, Add support for GDAL 2.0
  - #2754, SFCGAL can now be installed with CREATE EXTENSION
       Vincent Mora (Oslandia)
  - #2828, Convert ST_Envelope(raster) from SQL to C
  - #2829, Shortcut ST_Clip(raster) if geometry fully contains the raster
           and no NODATA specified
  - #2906, Update tiger geocoder to handle tiger 2014 data
  - #3048, Speed up geometry simplification (J.Santana @ CartoDB)
  - #3092, Slow performance of geometry_columns with many tables

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2893, Allow interruptibility of ST_Segmentize(geometry)
           (Sandro Santilli / CartoDB)
  - #2540, Change GUC name for GDAL_DATA to postgis.gdal_datapath
  - #2777, Raster max extent constraint based upon envelope to behave
           like geometry extent
  - #2822, Use @ operator instead of ST_CoveredBy() for raster
           max extent constraint
  - #3018, GROUP BY geography sometimes returns duplicate rows
  - #3020, ST_AddBand out-db bug where height using width value
  - #3084, shp2pgsql - illegal number format when specific system locale set
  - #3061, Allow duplicate points in JSON, GML, GML ST_GeomFrom* functions
  - #3086, ST_DumpValues() crashes backend on cleanup with invalid
           band indexes

 * Code refactoring *

  - Split raster/rt_core/rt_api.c and raster/rt_pg/rt_pg.c files into
    smaller files for ease of long-term maintenance and development
  - #1220, lwerror and lwnotice function became internal to liblwgeom


PostGIS 2.1.8
2015/07/07

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #3159, do not force a bbox cache on ST_Affine
  - #3018, GROUP BY geography sometimes returns duplicate rows
  - #3048, shp2pgsql - illegal number format when specific system locale set
  - #3094, Malformed GeoJSON inputs crash backend
  - #3104, st_asgml introduces random characters in ID field
  - #3155, Remove liblwgeom.h on make uninstall
  - #3177, gserialized_is_empty cannot handle nested empty cases
  - Fix crash in ST_LineLocatePoint


PostGIS 2.1.7
2015/03/30

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #3086, ST_DumpValues() crashes backend on cleanup with invalid
           band indexes
  - #3088, Do not (re)define strcasestr in a liblwgeom.h
  - #3094, Malformed GeoJSON inputs crash backend


PostGIS 2.1.6
2015/03/20

 * Enhancements *

  - #3000, Ensure edge splitting and healing algorithms use indexes
  - #3048, Speed up geometry simplification (J.Santana @ CartoDB)
  - #3050, Speed up geometry type reading (J.Santana @ CartoDB)

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2941, allow geography columns with SRID other than 4326
  - #3069, small objects getting inappropriately fluffed up w/ boxes
  - #3068, Have postgis_typmod_dims return NULL for unconstrained dims
  - #3061, Allow duplicate points in JSON, GML, GML ST_GeomFrom* functions
  - #3058, Fix ND-GiST picksplit method to split on the best plane
  - #3052, Make operators <-> and <#> available for PostgreSQL < 9.1
  - #3045, Fix dimensionality confusion in &&& operator
  - #3016, Allow unregistering layers of corrupted topologies
  - #3015, Avoid exceptions from TopologySummary
  - #3020, ST_AddBand out-db bug where height using width value
  - #3031, Allow restore of Geometry(Point) tables dumped with empties in them


PostGIS 2.1.5
2014/12/18

 * Enhancements *

  - #2933, Speedup construction of large multi-geometry objects

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2947, Fix memory leak in lwgeom_make_valid for single-component
           collection input
  - #2949, Fix memory leak in lwgeom_mindistance2d for curve input
  - #2931, BOX representation is case sensitive
  - #2942, PostgreSQL 9.5 support
  - #2953, 2D stats not generated when Z/M values are extreme
  - #3009, Geography cast may effect underlying tuple


PostGIS 2.1.4
2014/09/10

 * Enhancements *

  - #2745, Speedup ST_Simplify calls against points
  - #2747, Support for GDAL 2.0
  - #2749, Make rtpostgis_upgrade_20_21.sql ACID
  - #2811, Do not specify index names when loading shapefiles/rasters
  - #2829, Shortcut ST_Clip(raster) if geometry fully contains the raster
           and no NODATA specified
  - #2895, Raise cost of ST_ConvexHull(raster) to 300 for better query plans

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2605, armel: _ST_Covers() returns true for point in hole
  - #2911, Fix output scale on ST_Rescale/ST_Resample/ST_Resize of rasters
           with scale 1/-1 and offset 0/0.
  - Fix crash in ST_Union(raster)
  - #2704, ST_GeomFromGML() does not work properly with array of gml:pos
    (Even Roualt)
  - #2708, updategeometrysrid doesn't update srid check when schema
           not specified. Patch from Marc Jansen
  - #2720, lwpoly_add_ring should update maxrings after realloc
  - #2759, Fix postgis_restore.pl handling of multiline object comments
           embedding sql comments
  - #2774, fix undefined behavior in ptarray_calculate_gbox_geodetic
  - Fix potential memory fault in ST_MakeValid
  - #2784, Fix handling of bogus argument to --with-sfcgal
  - #2772, Premature memory free in RASTER_getBandPath (ST_BandPath)
  - #2755, Fix regressions tests against all versions of SFCGAL
  - #2775, lwline_from_lwmpoint leaks memory
  - #2802, ST_MapAlgebra checks for valid callback function return value
  - #2803, ST_MapAlgebra handles no userarg and STRICT callback function
  - #2834, ST_Estimated_Extent and mixedCase table names (regression bug)
  - #2845, Bad geometry created from ST_AddPoint
  - #2870, Binary insert into geography column results geometry being inserted
  - #2872, make install builds documentation (Greg Troxell)
  - #2819, find isfinite or replacement on Centos5 / Solaris
  - #2899, geocode limit 1 not returning best answer (tiger geocoder)
  - #2903, Unable to compile on FreeBSD
  - #2927  reverse_geocode not filling in direction prefix (tiger geocoder)
           get rid of deprecated ST_Line_Locate_Point called

PostGIS 2.1.3
2014/05/13

 * Important / Breaking Changes  *

  - Add control of GDAL drivers with the environment variable
    POSTGIS_GDAL_ENABLED_DRIVERS. By default, all GDAL drivers are disabled
  - Add ability to disable out-db raster bands with the environment variable
    POSTGIS_ENABLE_OUTDB_RASTERS. By default, out-db raster bands are disabled

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2697, invalid GeoJSON Polygon input crashes server process
  - #2700, Fix dumping of higher-dimension datasets with null rows
  - #2706, ST_DumpPoints of EMPTY geometries crashes server


PostGIS 2.1.2
2014/03/31

 * Important Changes *

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2666, Error out at configure time if no SQL preprocessor can be found
  - #2534, st_distance returning incorrect results for large geographies
  - #2539, Check for json-c/json.h presence/usability before json/json.h
  - #2543, invalid join selectivity error from simple query
  - #2546, GeoJSON with string coordinates parses incorrectly
  - #2547, Fix ST_Simplify(TopoGeometry) for hierarchical topogeoms
  - #2552, Fix NULL raster handling in ST_AsPNG, ST_AsTIFF and
           ST_AsJPEG
  - #2555, Fix parsing issue of range arguments of ST_Reclass
  - #2556, geography ST_Intersects results depending on insert order
  - #2580, Do not allow installing postgis twice in the same database
  - #2589, Remove use of unnecessary void pointers
  - #2607, Cannot open more than 1024 out-db files in one process
  - #2610, Ensure face splitting algorithm uses the edge index
  - #2615, EstimatedExtent (and hence, underlying stats) gathering wrong bbox
  - #2619, Empty rings array in GeoJSON polygon causes crash
  - #2634, regression in sphere distance code
  - #2638, Geography distance on M geometries sometimes wrong
  - #2648, #2653, Fix topology functions when "topology" is not in search_path
  - #2654, Drop deprecated calls from topology
  - #2655, Let users without topology privileges call postgis_full_version()
  - #2674, Fix missing operator = and hash_raster_ops opclass on raster
  - #2675, #2534, #2636, #2634, #2638, Geography distance issues with tree optimization

 * Enhancements *

  - #2494, avoid memcopy in GiST index (hayamiz)
  - #2560, soft upgrade: avoid drop/recreate of aggregates that hadn't changed

PostGIS 2.1.1
2013/11/08

 * Important Changes *

  - #2514, Change raster license from GPL v3+ to v2+, allowing
           distribution of PostGIS Extension as GPLv2.

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2396, Make regression tests more endian-agnostic
  - #2434, Fix ST_Intersection(geog,geog) regression in rare cases
  - #2454, Fix behavior of ST_PixelAsXXX functions regarding
           exclude_nodata_value parameter
  - #2449, Fix potential infinite loop in index building
  - #2489, Fix upgrades from 2.0 leaving stale function signatures
  - #2493, Fix behavior of ST_DumpValues when passed an empty raster
  - #2502, Fix postgis_topology_scripts_installed() install schema
  - #2504, Fix segfault on bogus pgsql2shp call
  - #2512, Support for foreign tables and materialized views in
           raster_columns and raster_overviews
  - #2525, Fix handling of SRID in nested collections
  - #2528, Fix memory leak in ST_Split / lwline_split_by_line
  - #2532, Add missing raster/geometry commutator operators
  - #2533, Remove duplicated signatures

 * Enhancements *

  - #2463, support for exact length calculations on arc geometries
  - #2478, support for tiger 2013
  - #2527, Added -k flag to raster2pgsql to skip checking that
           band is NODATA

PostGIS 2.1.0
2013/08/17

 * Important / Breaking Changes  *

  - #1653, Removed srid parameter from ST_Resample(raster) and variants
           with reference raster no longer apply reference raster's SRID.
  - #1962 ST_Segmentize - As a result of
          the introduction of geography support, The construct:
     SELECT ST_Segmentize('LINESTRING(1 2, 3 4)',0.5);
    will result in ambiguous function error
  - #2026, ST_Union(raster) now unions all bands of all rasters
  - #2089, liblwgeom: lwgeom_set_handlers replaces lwgeom_init_allocators.
  - #2150, regular_blocking is no longer a constraint. column of same name
           in raster_columns now checks for existence of spatially_unique
           and coverage_tile constraints
  - ST_Intersects(raster, geometry) behaves in the same manner as
    ST_Intersects(geometry, raster).
  - point variant of ST_SetValue(raster) previously did not check SRID
    of input geometry and raster.
  - ST_Hillshade parameters azimuth and altitude are now in degrees
    instead of radians.
  - ST_Slope and ST_Aspect return pixel values in degrees instead of radians.

 * Deprecated signatures *

  - #2104, ST_World2RasterCoord, ST_World2RasterCoordX and
           ST_World2RasterCoordY renamed to ST_WorldToRasterCoord,
           ST_WorldToRasterCoordX and ST_WorldToRasterCoordY.
           ST_Raster2WorldCoord, ST_Raster2WorldCoordX and
           ST_Raster2WorldCoordY renamed to ST_RasterToWorldCoord,
           ST_RasterToWorldCoordX and ST_RasterToWorldCoordY
  - ST_Estimated_Extent renamed to ST_EstimatedExtent
  - ST_Line_Interpolate_Point renamed to ST_LineInterpolatePoint
  - ST_Line_Substring renamed to ST_LineSubstring
  - ST_Line_Locate_Point renamed to ST_LineLocatePoint
  - ST_Force_XXX renamed to ST_ForceXXX
  - ST_MapAlgebraFctNgb and 1 and 2 raster variants of ST_MapAlgebraFct.
    Use ST_MapAlgebra instead
  - 1 and 2 raster variants of ST_MapAlgebraExpr.
    Use expression variants of ST_MapAlgebra instead

 * New Features *

 Refer to http://postgis.net/docs/manual-2.1/PostGIS_Special_Functions_Index.html#NewFunctions_2_1
 for complete list of new functions

  - #310, ST_DumpPoints converted to a C function (Nathan Wagner)
  - #739, UpdateRasterSRID()
  - #945, improved join selectivity, N-D selectivity calculations,
    user accessible selectivity and stats reader functions for
    testing (Paul Ramsey / OpenGeo)
  - toTopoGeom with TopoGeometry sink (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - clearTopoGeom (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - ST_Segmentize(geography) (Paul Ramsey / OpenGeo)
  - ST_DelaunayTriangles (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - ST_NearestValue, ST_Neighborhood (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - ST_PixelAsPoint, ST_PixelAsPoints (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - ST_PixelAsCentroid, ST_PixelAsCentroids (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - ST_Raster2WorldCoord, ST_World2RasterCoord (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - Additional raster/raster spatial relationship functions
    (ST_Contains, ST_ContainsProperly, ST_Covers, ST_CoveredBy, ST_Disjoint,
    ST_Overlaps, ST_Touches, ST_Within, ST_DWithin, ST_DFullyWithin)
    (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - Added array variants of ST_SetValues() to set many pixel values of a band
    in one call (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - #1293, ST_Resize(raster) to resize rasters based upon width/height
  - #1627, package tiger_geocoder as a PostgreSQL extension
  - #1643, #2076, Upgrade tiger geocoder to support loading tiger 2011 and 2012
    (Regina Obe / Paragon Corporation) Funded by Hunter Systems Group
  - GEOMETRYCOLLECTION support for ST_MakeValid (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #1709, ST_NotSameAlignmentReason(raster, raster)
  - #1818, ST_GeomFromGeoHash and friends (Jason Smith (darkpanda))
  - #1856, reverse geocoder rating setting for prefer numbered highway name
  - ST_PixelOfValue (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - Casts to/from PostgreSQL geotypes (point/path/polygon).
  - Added geomval array variant of ST_SetValues() to set many pixel values of
    a band using a set of geometries and corresponding values in one call
    (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - ST_Tile(raster) to break up a raster into tiles (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - #1895, new r-tree node splitting algorithm (Alex Korotkov)
  - #2011, ST_DumpValues to output raster as array (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - #2018, ST_Distance support for CircularString, CurvePolygon, MultiCurve,
    MultiSurface, CompoundCurve
  - #2030, n-raster (and n-band) ST_MapAlgebra (Bborie Park / UC Davis)
  - #2193, Utilize PAGC parser as drop in replacement for tiger normalizer
            (Steve Woodbridge, Regina Obe)
  - #2210, ST_MinConvexHull(raster)
  - lwgeom_from_geojson in liblwgeom (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #1687, ST_Simplify for TopoGeometry (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #2228, TopoJSON output for TopoGeometry (Sandro Santilli / Vizzuality)
  - #2123, ST_FromGDALRaster
  - #613, ST_SetGeoReference with numerical parameters instead of text
  - #2276, ST_AddBand(raster) variant for out-db bands
  - #2280, ST_Summary(raster)
  - #2163, ST_TPI for raster (Nathaniel Clay)
  - #2164, ST_TRI for raster (Nathaniel Clay)
  - #2302, ST_Roughness for raster (Nathaniel Clay)
  - #2290, ST_ColorMap(raster) to generate RGBA bands
  - #2254, Add SFCGAL backend support.
           (Backend selection through postgis.backend var)
           Functions available both through GEOS or SFCGAL:
            ST_Intersects, ST_3DIntersects, ST_Intersection, ST_Area,
            ST_Distance, ST_3DDistance
           New functions available only with SFCGAL backend:
            ST_3DIntersection, ST_Tesselate, ST_3DArea, ST_Extrude, ST_ForceLHR
            ST_Orientation, ST_Minkowski, ST_StraightSkeleton
            postgis_sfcgal_version
           New function available in PostGIS: ST_ForceSFS
           (Olivier Courtin and Hugo Mercier / Oslandia)

 * Enhancements *

  - #823,  tiger geocoder: Make loader_generate_script download portion
           less greedy
  - #826,  raster2pgsql no longer defaults to padding tiles. Flag -P
           can be used to pad tiles
  - #1363, ST_AddBand(raster, ...) array version rewritten in C
  - #1364, ST_Union(raster, ...) aggregate function rewritten in C
  - #1655, Additional default values for parameters of ST_Slope
  - #1661, Add aggregate variant of ST_SameAlignment
  - #1719, Add support for Point and GeometryCollection ST_MakeValid inputs
  - #1780, support ST_GeoHash for geography
  - #1796, Big performance boost for distance calculations in geography
  - #1802, improved function interruptibility.
  - #1823, add parameter in ST_AsGML to use id column for GML 3 output
           (become mandatory since GML 3.2.1)
  - #1856, tiger geocoder: reverse geocoder rating setting for prefer
           numbered highway name
  - #1938, Refactor basic ST_AddBand to add multiple new bands in one call
  - #1978, wrong answer when calculating length of a closed circular
           arc (circle)
  - #1989, Preprocess input geometry to just intersection with raster
           to be clipped
  - #2021, Added multi-band support to ST_Union(raster, ...) aggregate function
  - #2006, better support of ST_Area(geography) over poles and dateline
  - #2065, ST_Clip(raster, ...) now a C function
  - #2069, Added parameters to ST_Tile(raster) to control padding of tiles
  - #2078, New variants of ST_Slope, ST_Aspect and ST_HillShade to provide
           solution to handling tiles in a coverage
  - #2097, Added RANGE uniontype option for ST_Union(raster)
  - #2105, Added ST_Transform(raster) variant for aligning output to
           reference raster
  - #2119, Rasters passed to ST_Resample(), ST_Rescale(), ST_Reskew(),
           and ST_SnapToGrid() no longer require an SRID
  - #2141, More verbose output when constraints fail to be added
           to a raster column
  - #2143, Changed blocksize constraint of raster to allow multiple values
  - #2148, Addition of coverage_tile constraint for raster
  - #2149, Addition of spatially_unique constraint for raster
  - TopologySummary output now includes unregistered layers and a count
           of missing TopoGeometry objects from their natural layer.
  - ST_HillShade(), ST_Aspect() and ST_Slope() have one new optional
           parameter to interpolate NODATA pixels before running the
           operation.
  - Point variant of ST_SetValue(raster) is now a wrapper around geomval
           variant of ST_SetValues(rast).
  - Proper support for raster band's isnodata flag in core API and loader.
  - Additional default values for parameters of ST_Aspect and ST_HillShade
  - #2178, ST_Summary now advertises presence of known srid with an [S] flag
  - #2202, Make libjson-c optional (--without-json configure switch)
  - #2213, Add support libjson-c 0.10+
  - #2231, raster2pgsql supports user naming of filename column with -n
  - #2200, ST_Union(raster, uniontype) unions all bands of all rasters
  - #2264, postgis_restore.pl support for restoring into databases
           with postgis in a custom schema
  - #2244, emit warning when changing raster's georeference if raster has
           out-db bands
  - #2222, add parameter OutAsIn to flag whether ST_AsBinary should
           return out-db bands as in-db bands

 * Fixes *

  - #1839, handling of subdatasets in GeoTIFF in raster2pgsql.
  - #1840, fix logic of when to compute # of tiles in raster2pgsql.
  - #1870, align the docs and actual behavior of raster's ST_Intersects
  - #1872, fix ST_ApproxSummarystats to prevent division by zero
  - #1875, ST_SummaryStats returns NULL for all parameters except count
           when count is zero
  - #1932, fix raster2pgsql of syntax for index tablespaces
  - #1936, ST_GeomFromGML on CurvePolygon causes server crash
  - #1939, remove custom data types: summarystats, histogram, quantile,
           valuecount
  - #1951, remove crash on zero-length linestrings
  - #1957, ST_Distance to a one-point LineString returns NULL
  - #1976, Geography point-in-ring code overhauled for more reliability
  - #1981, cleanup of unused variables causing warnings with gcc 4.6+
  - #1996, support POINT EMPTY in GeoJSON output
  - #2062, improve performance of distance calculations
  - #2057, Fixed linking issue for raster2psql to libpq
  - #2077, Fixed incorrect values returning from ST_Hillshade()
  - #2019, ST_FlipCoordinates does not update bbox
  - #2100, ST_AsRaster may not return raster with specified pixel type
  - #2126, Better handling of empty rasters from ST_ConvexHull()
  - #2165, ST_NumPoints regression failure with CircularString
  - #2168, ST_Distance is not always commutative
  - #2182, Fix issue with outdb rasters with no SRID and ST_Resize
  - #2188, Fix function parameter value overflow that caused problems
           when copying data from a GDAL dataset
  - #2198, Fix incorrect dimensions used when generating bands of out-db
           rasters in ST_Tile()
  - #2201, ST_GeoHash wrong on boundaries
  - #2203, Changed how rasters with unknown SRID and default geotransform
           are handled when passing to GDAL Warp API
  - #2215, Fixed raster exclusion constraint for conflicting name of
           implicit index
  - #2251, Fix bad dimensions when rescaling rasters with default
           geotransform matrix
  - #2133, Fix performance regression in expression variant of ST_MapAlgebra
  - #2257, GBOX variables not initialized when testing with empty geometries
  - #2271, Prevent parallel make of raster
  - #2282, Fix call to undefined function nd_stats_to_grid() in debug mode
  - #2307, ST_MakeValid outputs invalid geometries
  - #2309, Remove confusing INFO message when trying to get SRS info
  - #2336, FIPS 20 (KS) causes wildcard expansion to wget all files
  - #2348, Provide raster upgrade path for 2.0 to 2.1
  - #2351, st_distance between geographies wrong
  - #2359, Fix handling of schema name when adding overview constraints
  - #2371, Support GEOS versions with more than 1 digit in micro
  - #2383, Remove unsafe use of \' from raster warning message
  - #2384, Incorrect variable datatypes for ST_Neighborhood

 * Known Issues *
  - #2111, Raster bands can only reference the first 256 bands of out-db rasters

PostGIS 2.0.6
2014/05/14

 * Important Changes *

  - Add control of GDAL drivers with the environment variable
    POSTGIS_GDAL_ENABLED_DRIVERS. By default, all GDAL drivers are disabled
  - Add ability to disable out-db raster bands with the environment variable
    POSTGIS_ENABLE_OUTDB_RASTERS. By default, out-db raster bands are disabled

 * Bug Fixes *

  - #2772, fix premature memory free in RASTER_getBandPath (ST_BandPath)

PostGIS 2.0.5
2014/03/31

 * Important Changes *

  - #2514, Change raster license from GPL v3+ to v2+, allowing
           distribution of PostGIS Extension as GPLv2.

 * Bug Fixes *
  - #2494, avoid memcpy in GIST index
  - #2502, Fix postgis_topology_scripts_installed() install schema
  - #2504, Fix segfault on bogus pgsql2shp call
  - #2528, Fix memory leak in ST_Split / lwline_split_by_line
  - #2532, Add missing raster/geometry commutator operators
  - #2533, Remove duplicated signatures
  - #2552, Fix NULL raster handling in ST_AsPNG, ST_AsTIFF and ST_AsJPEG
  - #2555, Fix parsing issue of range arguments of ST_Reclass
  - #2589, Remove use of unnecessary void pointers
  - #2607, Cannot open more than 1024 out-db files in process
  - #2610, Ensure face splitting algorithm uses the edge index
  - #2619, Empty ring array in GeoJSON polygon causes crash
  - #2638, Geography distance on M geometries sometimes wrong

PostGIS 2.0.4
2013/09/06

 * Bug Fixes *
  - #2110, Equality operator between EMPTY and point on origin
  - Allow adding points at precision distance with TopoGeo_addPoint
  - #1968, Fix missing edge from toTopoGeom return
  - #2165, ST_NumPoints regression failure with CircularString
  - #2168, ST_Distance is not always commutative
  - #2186, gui progress bar updates too frequent
  - #2201, ST_GeoHash wrong on boundaries
  - #2257, GBOX variables not initialized when testing with empty geometries
  - #2271, Prevent parallel make of raster
  - #2267, Server crash from analyze table
  - #2277, potential segfault removed
  - #2307, ST_MakeValid outputs invalid geometries
  - #2351, st_distance between geographies wrong
  - #2359, Incorrect handling of schema for overview constraints
  - #2371, Support GEOS versions with more than 1 digit in micro
  - #2372, Cannot parse space-padded KML coordinates
  - Fix build with systemwide liblwgeom installed
  - #2383, Fix unsafe use of \' in warning message
  - #2410, Fix segmentize of collinear curve
  - #2415, ST_Multi support for COMPOUNDCURVE and CURVEPOLYGON
  - #2412, ST_LineToCurve support for lines with less than 4 vertices
  - #2420, ST_LineToCurve: require at least 8 edges to define a full circle
  - #2423, ST_LineToCurve: require all arc edges to form the same angle
  - #2424, ST_CurveToLine: add support for COMPOUNDCURVE in MULTICURVE
  - #2427, Make sure to retain first point of curves on ST_CurveToLine

 * Enhancements *
  - #2269, Avoid uselessly de-toasting full geometries on ANALYZE

 * Known Issues *
  - #2111, Raster bands can only reference the first 256 bands of out-db rasters

PostGIS 2.0.3
2013/03/01

 * Bug Fixes *
  - #2134, Fixed handling of SRS strings as they are passed to GDAL functions

PostGIS 2.0.2
2012/12/03

 * Bug Fixes *
  - #1287, Drop of "gist_geometry_ops" broke a few clients
           package of legacy_gist.sql for these cases
  - #1391, Errors during upgrade from 1.5
  - #1828, Poor selectivity estimate on ST_DWithin
  - #1838, error importing tiger/line data
  - #1869, ST_AsBinary is not unique -
           added to legacy_minor/legacy.sql scripts
  - #1885, Missing field from tabblock table in tiger2010 census_loader.sql
  - #1891, Use LDFLAGS environment when building liblwgeom
  - #1899, Enhance toTopoGeom error on unsupported input
  - #1900, Fix pgsql2shp for big-endian systems
  - #1932, Fix raster2pgsql for invalid syntax for setting index tablespace
  - #1936, ST_GeomFromGML on CurvePolygon causes server crash
  - #1955, ST_ModEdgeHeal and ST_NewEdgeHeal for doubly connected edges
  - #1957, ST_Distance to a one-point LineString returns NULL
  - #1976, Geography point-in-ring code overhauled for more reliability
  - #1978, wrong answer calculating length of closed circular arc (circle)
  - #1981, Remove unused but set variables as found with gcc 4.6+
  - #1987, Restore 1.5.x behaviour of ST_Simplify
  - #1989, Preprocess input geometry to just intersection with raster
           to be clipped
  - #1991, geocode really slow on PostgreSQL 9.2
  - #1996, support POINT EMPTY in GeoJSON output
  - #1998, Fix ST_{Mod,New}EdgeHeal joining edges sharing both endpoints
  - #2001, ST_CurveToLine has no effect if the geometry doesn't actually
           contain an arc
  - #2015, ST_IsEmpty('POLYGON(EMPTY)') returns False
  - #2019, ST_FlipCoordinates does not update bbox
  - #2025, Fix side location conflict at TopoGeo_AddLineString
  - #2062, improve performance of distance calculations
  - #2033, Fix adding a splitting point into a 2.5d topology
  - #2051, Fix excess of precision in ST_AsGeoJSON output
  - #2052, Fix buffer overflow in lwgeom_to_geojson
  - #2056, Fixed lack of SRID check of raster and geometry in ST_SetValue()
  - #2057, Fixed linking issue for raster2psql to libpq
  - #2060, Fix "dimension" check violation by GetTopoGeomElementArray
  - #2072, Removed outdated checks preventing ST_Intersects(raster) from
           working on out-db bands
  - #2077, Fixed incorrect answers from ST_Hillshade(raster)
  - #2092, Namespace issue with ST_GeomFromKML,ST_GeomFromGML for libxml 2.8+
  - #2099, Fix double free on exception in ST_OffsetCurve
  - #2100, ST_AsRaster() may not return raster with specified pixel type
  - #2108, Ensure ST_Line_Interpolate_Point always returns POINT
  - #2109, Ensure ST_Centroid always returns POINT
  - #2117, Ensure ST_PointOnSurface always returns POINT
  - #2129, Fix SRID in ST_Homogenize output with collection input
  - #2130, Fix memory error in MultiPolygon GeoJson parsing

  - Update URL of Maven jar


 * Enhancements *
  - #1581, ST_Clip(raster, ...) no longer imposes NODATA on a band if the
           corresponding band from the source raster did not have NODATA
  - #1928, Accept array properties in GML input multi-geom input
    (Kashif Rasul and Shoaib Burq / SpacialDB)
  - #2082, Add indices on start_node and end_node of topology edge tables
  - #2087, Speedup topology.GetRingEdges using a recursive CTE

PostGIS 2.0.1
2012/06/22

* Bug Fixes *

  - #1264, fix st_dwithin(geog, geog, 0).
  - #1468  shp2pgsql-gui table column schema get shifted
  - #1694, fix building with clang. (vince)
  - #1708, improve restore of pre-PostGIS 2.0 backups.
  - #1714, more robust handling of high topology tolerance.
  - #1755, ST_GeographyFromText support for higher dimensions.
  - #1759, loading transformed shapefiles in raster enabled db.
  - #1761, handling of subdatasets in NetCDF, HDF4 and HDF5 in raster2pgsql.
  - #1763, topology.toTopoGeom use with custom search_path.
  - #1766, don't let ST_RemEdge* destroy peripheral TopoGeometry objects.
  - #1774, Clearer error on setting an edge geometry to an invalid one.
  - #1775, ST_ChangeEdgeGeom collision detection with 2-vertex target.
  - #1776, fix ST_SymDifference(empty, geom) to return geom.
  - #1779, install SQL comment files.
  - #1782, fix spatial reference string handling in raster.
  - #1789, fix false edge-node crossing report in ValidateTopology.
  - #1790, fix toTopoGeom handling of duplicated primitives.
  - #1791, fix ST_Azimuth with very close but distinct points.
  - #1797, fix (ValidateTopology(xxx)).* syntax calls.
  - #1805, put back the 900913 SRID entry.
  - #1813, Only show readable relations in metadata tables.
  - #1819, fix floating point issues with ST_World2RasterCoord and
           ST_Raster2WorldCoord variants.
  - #1820  compilation on 9.2beta1.
  - #1822, topology load on PostgreSQL 9.2beta1.
  - #1825, fix prepared geometry cache lookup
  - #1829, fix uninitialized read in GeoJSON parser
  - #1834, revise postgis extension to only backup
           user specified spatial_ref_sys
  - #1839, handling of subdatasets in GeoTIFF in raster2pgsql.
  - #1840, fix logic of when to compute # of tiles in raster2pgsql.
  - #1851, fix spatial_ref_system parameters for EPSG:3844
  - #1857, fix failure to detect endpoint mismatch in ST_AddEdge*Face*
  - #1865, data loss in postgis_restore.pl when data rows have leading
           dashes.
  - #1867, catch invalid topology name passed to topogeo_add*
  - #1870, align the docs and actual behavior of raster's ST_Intersects
  - #1872, fix ST_ApproxSummarystats to prevent division by zero
  - #1873, fix ptarray_locate_point to return interpolated Z/M values for
           on-the-line case
  - #1875, ST_SummaryStats returns NULL for all parameters except count
           when count is zero
  - #1881, shp2pgsql-gui -- editing a field sometimes triggers
           removing row
  - #1883, Geocoder install fails trying to run
           create_census_base_tables() (Brian Panulla)

* Enhancements *

  - More detailed exception message from topology editing functions.
  - #1786, improved build dependencies
  - #1806, speedup of ST_BuildArea, ST_MakeValid and ST_GetFaceGeometry.
  - #1812, Add lwgeom_normalize in LIBLWGEOM for more stable testing.

PostGIS 2.0.0
2012/04/03

* Important / Breaking Changes  *

  - Upgrading to PostGIS 2.0 REQUIRES a dump and restore. See the
    "Hard Upgrade" section of the documentation.
  - Functions deprecated during the 1.X series (mostly non-ST variants)
    have been removed. Update your application to the new signatures.
    If you cannot update your application, see the legacy.sql file
    to enable the old signatures.
  - GEOMETRY_COLUMNS is now a view, not a table. Code that manually
    updates the table must be changed to either use the management
    functions (eg AddGeometryColumn) or the new geometry typmod options
    (eg CREATE TABLE t (g GEOMETRY(Polgyon, 4326)))
  - ST_AsBinary and ST_AsText now return 3D/4D results in ISO SQL/MM
    format when called on 3D/4D features.
  - The "unknown SRID" is now 0, not -1.
    (eg ST_SRID(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)')) returns 0)
  - ST_NumGeometries returns 1 for singletons. ST_GeometryN returns the
    the geometry for singletons.
  - probe_geometry_columns(), rename_geometry_table_constraints(),
    fix_geometry_columns(), have been removed since GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
    is now a view.
  - 3D analysis functions are now named with "3D" as a prefix
    instead of a suffix (eg ST_Length3D has become ST_3DLength)
  - Operator && does not check for SRID mismatch anymore
  - Cast function from raster to bytea now called `bytea` instead
    of `st_bytea` (#1003)

* New Features *

  - KNN Gist index based centroid (<->) and box (<#>) distance
    operators (Paul Ramsey / funded by Vizzuality)
  - PostgreSQL 9.1+ "extension" support (Regina Obe)
  - Typmod support for geometry (Paul Ramsey)
  - Support for TIN and PolyHedralSurface (Olivier Courtin / Oslandia)
  - Raster support integrated and documented
    (Pierre Racine, Jorge Arévalo, Mateusz Loskot, Sandro Santilli,
    Regina Obe, David Zwarg)
    (Company developer and funding: University Laval, Deimos Space, CadCorp,
    Michigan Tech Research Institute, Paragon Corporation, Azavea)
  - N-Dimensional spatial indexes (Paul Ramsey / OpenGeo)
  - Topology support improved, documented, testing, bug fixes
    (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA, Regina Obe, Andrea Peri,
     Jose Carlos Martinez Llari)
  - 3D relationship support functions (Nicklas Avén)
    ST_3DDistance, ST_3DClosestPoint, ST_3DIntersects,
    ST_3DShortestLine
  - ST_Split (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_Node (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_isValidDetail (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_MakeValid (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_RemoveRepeatedPoints (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_GeometryN and ST_NumGeometries support for non-collections
    (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_IsCollection (Sandro Santilli, Maxime van Noppen)
  - ST_SharedPaths (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_Snap (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_RelateMatch (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_ConcaveHull (Regina Obe and Leo Hsu / Paragon Corporation)
  - ST_UnaryUnion (Sandro Santilli)
  - ST_Relate with boundary node rule (Sandro Santilli / Faunalia for RT-SIGTA)
  - ST_AsX3D (Regina Obe / Arrival 3D)
  - ST_OffsetCurve (Sandro Santilli, Rafal Magda)
  - ST_GeomFromGeoJSON (Kashif Rasul, Paul Ramsey / Vizzuality)
  - ST_AsBinary byte endian support for geography

* Enhancements *

  - Made loader tolerant of truncated multibyte values found
    in some free worldwide shapefiles (Sandro Santilli)
  - Lots of bug fixes and enhancements to shp2pgsql
    Beefing up regression tests for loaders
    Reproject support for both geometry and geography during import
    (Jeff Adams / Azavea, Mark Cave-Ayland)
  - pgsql2shp conversion from predefined list
    (Loic Dachary / Mark Cave-Ayland)
  - Shp-pgsql GUI - support loading multiple files. (Mark Leslie)
  - Shp-pgsql GUI - support exporting multiple tablee. (Mark Cave-Ayland)
  - Extras - upgraded tiger_geocoder from using old TIGER format
    to use new TIGER shp and file structure format (Stephen Frost)
  - Enhancements and documentation of TIGER geocoder
    (Regina Obe, Leo Hsu / Paragon Corporation /
    funding provided by Hunter Systems Group)
  - Documentation proofreading and corrections. (Kasif Rasul)

* All Fixes and Enhancements *

  - http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/query?status=closed&milestone=PostGIS+2.0.0

* Acknowledgements *

  We are most indebted to the numerous members in the PostGIS community
  who were brave enough to TEST out the new features in this release.
  No major release can be successful without lots of testing.
  Below is an incomplete list of some of the many folks who helped
  us get to this release.

  - Andrea Peri - Lots of testing on topology, checking for correctness
  - Andreas Forø Tollefsen - raster testing
  - Chris English - topology stress testing loader functions
  - Salvatore Larosa - Lots of topology testing
  - Brian Hamlin - Benchmarking, general testing all components
  - Mike Pease -  Tiger geocoder testing, very detailed reports of issues
  - Tom van Tilburg - raster testing



PostGIS 1.5.3
2011/06/25

 - This is a bug fix release, addressing issues that have been
   filed since the 1.5.2 release.
 - Bug Fixes
   - #1056, produce correct bboxes for arc geometries, fixes index errors
         (Paul Ramsey)
   - #1007, ST_IsValid crash - fix requires GEOS 3.3.0+ or 3.2.3+
     (Sandro Santilli, reported by Birgit Laggner)
   - #940, support for PostgreSQL 9.1 beta 1
     (Regina Obe, Paul Ramsey, patch submitted by stl)
   - #845, ST_Intersects precision error (Sandro Santilli, Nicklas Avén)
     Reported by cdestigter
   - #884, Unstable results with ST_Within, ST_Intersects (Chris Hodgson)
   - #779, shp2pgsql -S option seems to fail on points (Jeff Adams)
   - #666, ST_DumpPoints is not null safe (Regina Obe)
   - #631, Update NZ projections for grid transformation support (jpalmer)
   - #630, Peculiar Null treatment in arrays in ST_Collect (Chris Hodgson)
     Reported by David Bitner
   - #624, Memory leak in ST_GeogFromText (ryang, Paul Ramsey)
   - #609, Bad source code in manual section 5.2 Java Clients
    (simoc, Regina Obe)
   - #604, shp2pgsql usage touchups (Mike Toews, Paul Ramsey)
   - #573 ST_Union fails on a group of linestrings
     Not a PostGIS bug, fixed in GEOS 3.3.0
   - #457 ST_CollectionExtract returns non-requested type
    (Nicklas Avén, Paul Ramsey)
   - #441 ST_AsGeoJson Bbox on GeometryCollection error (Olivier Courtin)
   - #411 Ability to backup invalid geometries (Sandro Santilli)
     Reported by Regione Toscana
   - #409 ST_AsSVG - degraded (Olivier Courtin)
     Reported by Sdikiy
   - #373 Documentation syntax error in hard upgrade (Paul Ramsey)
     Reported by psvensso

PostGIS 1.5.2
2010/09/27

 - This is a bug fix release, addressing issues that have been
   filed since the 1.5.1 release.

 - Bug Fixes
   - Loader: fix handling of empty (0-verticed) geometries in shapefiles.
     (Sandro Santilli)
   - #536, Geography ST_Intersects, ST_Covers, ST_CoveredBy and
     Geometry ST_Equals not using spatial index (Regina Obe, Nicklas Avén)
   - #573, Improvement to ST_Contains geography
   - Loader: Add support for command-q shutdown in Mac GTK build (Paul Ramsey)
   - #393, Loader: Add temporary patch for large DBF files
     (Maxime Guillaud, Paul Ramsey)
   - #507, Fix wrong OGC URN in GeoJSON and GML output (Olivier Courtin)
   - spatial_ref_sys.sql Add datum conversion for projection SRID 3021
     (Paul Ramsey)
   - Geography - remove crash for case when all geographies are out of
     the estimate (Paul Ramsey)
   - #469, Fix for array_aggregation error (Greg Stark, Paul Ramsey)
   - #532, Temporary geography tables showing up in other user sessions
     (Paul Ramsey)
   - #562, ST_Dwithin errors for large geographies (Paul Ramsey)
   - #513, shape loading GUI tries to make spatial index when loading DBF only
     mode (Paul Ramsey)
   - #527, shape loading GUI should always append log messages
     (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - #504 shp2pgsql should rename xmin/xmax fields (Sandro Santilli)
   - #458 postgis_comments being installed in contrib instead of
     version fozing a table with geography column crashes server
     (Paul Ramsey)
   - #581 LWGEOM-expand produces inconsistent results
     (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - #471 DocBook dtd errors (Olivier Courtin)
   - Fix further build issues against PostgreSQL 9.0
     (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - #572 Password whitespace for Shape File to PostGIS
     Import not supported (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - #603: shp2pgsql: "-w" produces invalid WKT for MULTI* objects.
     (Mark Cave-Ayland)
 - Enhancement
   - #513 Add dbf filter to shp2pgsql-gui and allow uploading dbf only
     (Paul Ramsey)

PostGIS 1.5.1
2010/03/11

 - This is a bug fix release, addressing issues that have been
   filed since the 1.5.0 release.

 - Bug Fixes
   - #410, update embedded bbox when applying ST_SetPoint, ST_AddPoint
     ST_RemovePoint to a linestring
     (Paul Ramsey)
   - #411, allow dumping tables with invalid geometries
     (Sandro Santilli, for Regione Toscana-SIGTA)
   - #414, include geography_columns view when running upgrade scripts
     (Paul Ramsey)
   - #419, allow support for multilinestring in ST_Line_Substring
     (Paul Ramsey, for Lidwala Consulting Engineers)
   - #421, fix computed string length in ST_AsGML()
     (Olivier Courtin)
   - #441, fix GML generation with heterogeneous collections
     (Olivier Courtin)
   - #443, incorrect coordinate reversal in GML 3 generation
     (Olivier Courtin)
   - #450, #451, wrong area calculation for geography features that
     cross the date line
     (Paul Ramsey)
   - Ensure support for upcoming 9.0 PgSQL release
     (Paul Ramsey)

PostGIS 1.5.0
2010/02/04

  * Important Changes *

  - =~ operator now indicates bounding box equality, not feature equality
  - GEOS 3.1 is now the minimum accepted version of GEOS
  - GEOS 3.2 is needed if you want to use enhanced buffering features
    and ST_HausdorffDistance
  - GEOS, LibXML2, and Proj4 are now mandatory dependencies

  * New Features *

  - Added Hausdorff distance calculations (#209) (Vincent Picavet)
  - Added parameters argument to ST_Buffer operation to support one-sided
    buffering and other buffering styles (Sandro Santilli)
  - Performance improvements to ST_Distance (Nicklas Avén)
  - Addition of other Distance related visualization and analysis
    functions (Nicklas Avén)
    - ST_ClosestPoint
    - ST_DFullyWithin
    - ST_LongestLine
    - ST_MaxDistance
    - ST_ShortestLine
  - KML, GML input via ST_GeomFromGML and ST_GeomFromKML (Olivier Courtin)
  - Extract homogeneous collection with ST_CollectionExtract (Paul Ramsey)
  - Add measure values to existing linestring with ST_AddMeasure (Paul Ramsey)
  - History table implementation in utils (George Silva)
  - Win32 support and improvement of core shp2pgsql-gui (Mark Cave-Ayland)
  - In place 'make check' support (Paul Ramsey)
  - Geography type and supporting functions
    - Spherical algorithms from Dave Skea
    - Object/index implementation from Paul Ramsey
    - Selectivitiy implementation from Mark Cave-Ayland
    - Serializations (KML, GML, JSON) from Olivier Courtin
    - ST_Area, ST_Distance, ST_DWithin, ST_GeogFromText, ST_GeogFromWKB,
      ST_Intersects, ST_Covers, ST_Buffer
  - Documentation updates and improvements (Regina Obe, Kevin Neufeld)
  - Testing and quality control (Regina Obe)
  - PostGIS 1.5 support PostgreSQL 8.5 trunk (Guillaume Lelarge)
  - Many many other changes:
    http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/query?status=closed&milestone=PostGIS+1.5.0


PostGIS 1.4.1
2009/11/28

 - This is a bug fix release, addressing issues that have been
   filed since the 1.4.0 release.

 - Bug Fixes
   - #241, crash in ST_LineCrossingDirection
   - #210, segmentation faults in ST_Union with NULLs
   - #277, crash on very large numeric inputs
   - #179, ST_MakeLine crash server with NULLs
   - #253, inconsistent results when using the ~= operator
   - #276, ST_AsGML producing non-compliant GML
   - #239, memory issues with ST_As* functions
   - #272, ST_LineCrossingDirection should be negatively symmetric
   - #316, parsing problem for invalid higher dimensional geometries


PostGIS 1.4.0
2009/06/XX

 - API Stability
   - As of the 1.4 release series, the public API of PostGIS will not
   change during minor releases.

 - Compatibility
   - The versions below are the *minimum* requirements for PostGIS 1.4
   - PostgreSQL 8.2 and higher on all platforms
   - GEOS 3.0 and higher only
   - PROJ4 4.5 and higher only

 - New Features
   - ST_Union() uses high-speed cascaded union when compiled against
   GEOS 3.1+ (Paul Ramsey)
   - ST_ContainsProperly() requires GEOS 3.1+
   - ST_Intersects(), ST_Contains(), ST_Within() use high-speed cached
   prepared geometry against GEOS 3.1+ (Paul Ramsey / funded by Zonar Systems)
   - Vastly improved documentation and reference manual
   (Regina Obe & Kevin Neufeld)
   - Figures and diagram examples in the reference manual (Kevin Neufeld)
   - ST_IsValidReason() returns readable explanations for validity
   failures (Paul Ramsey)
   - ST_GeoHash() returns a geohash.org signature for geometries
   (Paul Ramsey)
   - GTK+ multi-platform GUI for shape file loading (Paul Ramsey)
   - ST_LineCrossingDirection() returns crossing directions (Paul Ramsey)
   - ST_LocateBetweenElevations() returns sub-string based on Z-ordinate.
   (Paul Ramsey)
   - Geometry parser returns explicit error message about location of
   syntax errors (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - ST_AsGeoJSON() return JSON formatted geometry (Olivier Courtin)
   - Populate_Geometry_Columns() -- automatically add records to
   geometry_columns for TABLES and VIEWS (Kevin Neufeld)
   -- ST_MinimumBoundingCircle() -- returns the smallest circle
     polygon that can encompass a geometry (Bruce Rindahl)

 - Enhancements
   - Core geometry system moved into independent library, liblwgeom.
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - New build system uses PostgreSQL "pgxs" build bootstrapper.
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - Debugging framework formalized and simplified. (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - All build-time #defines generated at configure time and placed in
   headers for easier cross-platform support (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - Logging framework formalized and simplified (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - Expanded and more stable support for CIRCULARSTRING,
   COMPOUNDCURVE and CURVEPOLYGON, better parsing, wider support
   in functions (Mark Leslie & Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - Improved support for OpenSolaris builds (Paul Ramsey)
   - Improved support for MSVC builds (Mateusz Loskot)
   - Updated KML support (Olivier Courtin)
   - Unit testing framework for liblwgeom (Paul Ramsey)
   - New testing framework to comprehensively exercise every PostGIS
   function (Regine Obe)
   - Performance improvements to all geometry aggregate functions
   (Paul Ramsey)
   - Support for the upcoming PostgreSQL 8.4 (Mark Cave-Ayland, Talha Bin
   Rizwan)
   - Shp2pgsql and pgsql2shp re-worked to depend on the common
   parsing/unparsing code in liblwgeom (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - Use of PDF DbLatex to build PDF docs and preliminary instructions for build  (Jean David Techer)
   - Automated User documentation build (PDF and HTML) and Developer Doxygen Documentation (Kevin Neufeld)
   - Automated build of document images using ImageMagick from WKT geometry text files (Kevin Neufeld)
   - More attractive CSS for HTML documentation (Dane Springmeyer)
 - Bug fixes
   - http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/query?status=closed&milestone=postgis+1.4.0&order=priority

PostGIS 1.3.6
2009/05/04
  - Enhancement - PostgreSQL 8.4 compile support (Talha Rizwan, Mark Cave-Ayland)
  - Fix Big fixes for CURVE handling in many functions
  (Mark Cave-Ayland, Mark Leslie)
  - Enhancement Trac#34 - pgsql2shp now creates .prj files where applicable (Regina Obe)
  - Fix Trac#88 -  Windows Vista pgsql2shp memory bug (Regina Obe)
  - Fix Trac#146 - for distance calculation on collections (Nicklas Avén, Paul Ramsey)
  - Fix Trac#116 - crashers for rare EWKB cases (Paul Ramsey)
  - Fix to address an SRID of -1 in probe_geometry_columns (Kevin Neufeld)
  - Fix Trac#99 shp2pgsql logical error when importing DBF-only (Regina Obe)
  - Fix Trac#105 pgsql2shp dbase file creation (EOF marker issue) (Paul Ramsey)
  - Fix updated AddGeometryColumn to throw an error if then specified schema does not exist,
  rather than throwing a notice and then an error. (Kevin Neufeld)
  - Fix - Documentation corrections for better handling with PDF DbLatex (Kevin Neufeld)


PostGIS 1.3.5
2008/12/15

 - A quick bug fix release, to remove crashes in cases of
   collecting LINESTRING (ST_Force_Collection(), ST_Multi())
   that had a large affect on Mapserver with LINE layers.
 - Enhancements and Bug Fixes
   - GBT#21: improve LRS fix to apply to more platforms
   - GBT#72: fix st_estimated_extent for better schema sensitivity
   - GBT#80: segfault on st_multi in MULTILINESTRING repaired
   - GBT#83: segfault on collecting LINESTRING repaired


PostGIS 1.3.4
2008/11/24

 - New Features
   - Add new ST_AsGeoJSON() function to allow conversion of
   geometries to GeoJSON format within the database. (Olivier Courtin)
   - Add forthcoming PostgreSQL 8.4 support
   (Paul Ramsey, Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - Improved CSS for PostGIS documentation (Dane Springmeyer)
   - Inclusion of new "postgis_comments.sql" file to enable detailed
   function comments to be installed for PostGIS functions. This
   attaches a description and associated parameter information
   to each function so that this information is available directly
   within psql/pgAdmin (Regina Obe)
 - Enhancements and Bug Fixes
   - General documentation improvements (Regina Obe, Kevin Neufield)
   - Improve PiP code by removing substantial memory leaks and adding
   multi-polygon support (Paul Ramsey)
   - Improve GiST consistent performance (Paul Ramsey)
   - GBT#20: Improved algorithm for ST_DWithin (Paul Ramsey)
   - GBT#21: locate_along_measure: wrong values, invalid data
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - GBT#23: wrong proj4text in spatial_ref_sys for SRID 31300 and 31370
   (Paul Ramsey)
   - GBT#43: Heap over-read in compute_geometry_stats() (Landon Fuller)
   - GBT#44: ST_Relate(geom,geom,pattern) is case sensitive (Paul Ramsey)
   - GBT#45: bug in postgis_restore.pl - not passing options to createdb
   (Paul Ramsey)
   - GBT#58: bounding box of circular string is incorrect (Mark Leslie)
   - GBT#65: ST_AsGML kills the backend when fed a CIRCULAR STRING
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - GBT#66: ST_Dump kills backend when fed CIRCULAR STRING
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - GBT#68: ST_Shift_Longitude doesn't work with MULTIPOINT
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - GBT#69: ST_Translate crashes when fed circular string
   (Mark Cave-Ayland)
   - GBT#70: ST_NPoints Crashes with Curves (Mark Cave-Ayland)

PostGIS 1.3.3
2008/04/12
 - shp2pgsql, pgsql2shp improvements
   - regression tests on Windows
   - OS/X 10.5 compatibility
   - DBF-only loading flag (-n)
   - fix to Date DBF output
 - ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology(geometry, float8)
   Allows simplification of polygons without creating
   invalid geometries.
 - Fix to |>> and <<| operators
 - Build system more sensitive to GEOS version number
 - KML support updates (from Eduin Carrillo)
 - SVG support updates (from Marco Hugentobler)

PostGIS 1.3.2
2007/12/01
 - Improvements in the TIGER geocoder
 - Fix to ST_EndPoint() crasher bug
 - Modified ST_AsGML() improving v2 and adding v3 support
 - Fix to ensure ST_Envelope() returns valid geometries
 - Change JDBC build to use Ant
 - Fix for better OS/X support
 - Fix to WKB parser to do simple validity checks

PostGIS 1.3.1
2007/08/13
 - Fixed documentation bugs and release number errors
   in previous cut

PostGIS 1.3.0
2007/08/09
 - Began migration of functions to the SQL-MM-centric naming convention
   using the spatial type (SP) prefix
 - Performance enhancements:
   - Created cached and indexed point-in-polygon short-circuits
   for the functions ST_Contains, ST_Intersects, ST_Within
   ST_Disjoint.
   - Added inline index support for relational functions
   (except disjoint)
 - Added ST_Covers, ST_CoveredBy and ST_DWithin relational functions
 - Extended curved geometry support to geometry accessor functions and
   some geometry processing functions
 - JDBC: Added Hibernate Dialect from Norman Barker
 - Enhanced regression tests for curved geometries and kml functions

PostGIS 1.2.1
2007/01/11
 - Fix point-in-polygon shortcut bug in Within()
 - Fix PgSQL 8.2 null handling for indexes
 - Update RPM spec files
 - Add AsKML() function
 - Add short-circuit for transform() in no-op case
 - JDBC: - Fixed JTS handling for multi-dimensional geometries
   (thanks to Thomas Marti for hint and partial patch)
   - Additionally, now JavaDoc is compiled and packaged
   - Fixed classpath problems with GCJ
   - Fixed pgjdbc 8.2 compatibility, losing support for
   jdk 1.3 and older.

PostGIS 1.2.0
2006/12/08
 - Added curved geometry type support for serialization/deserialization.
 - Added point-in-polygon shortcircuit to Contains and Within functions.
 - JDBC: Added awt.shape implementation for JTS geometries
 - EJB3: Fixed NullPointer bug, thanks to Norman Barker

PostGIS 1.1.6
2006/11/02

 - fixed CAPI change that broke 64-bit platforms
 - use Z ordinate in reprojections
 - spatial_ref_sys.sql updated to EPSG 6.11.1
 - Simplified Version.config infrastructure to use a single
   pack of version variables for everything.
 - Include the Version.config in loader/dumper USAGE messages
 - Replace hand-made, fragile JDBC version parser with Properties
 - Fixed setSRID() bug in JDBC, thanks to Thomas Marti
 - loader/dumper: fixed regression tests and usage output


PostGIS 1.1.5
2006/10/13
 - Java:
   - Removed obsolete synchronization from Jts code.
   - fixed nullpointer Exception in Geometry.equals() method
  - Added EJB3Spatial.odt to fulfill the GPL requirement of
   distributing the "preferred form of modification"
 - Added -S option for non-multi geometries to shp2pgsql
 - Updated heavily outdated README files for shp2pgsql/pgsql2shp by
   merging them with the manpages.
 - Fixed MingW link error that was causing pgsql2shp to
   segfault on Win32 when compiled for PostgreSQL 8.2

PostGIS 1.1.4
2006/09/27
 - Fixed support for PostgreSQL 8.2
 - Fixed bug in collect() function discarding SRID of
   input
 - Added SRID match check in MakeBox2d and MakeBox3d
 - Fixed regress tests to pass with GEOS-3.0.0
 - Improved pgsql2shp run concurrency.
 - Java:
  - reworked JTS support to reflect new upstream
  JTS developers' attitude to SRID handling.
  Simplifies code and drops build depend on GNU trove.
  - Added EJB2 support generously donated by the
  "Geodetix s.r.l. Company" http://www.geodetix.it/
  - Added EJB3 tutorial / examples donated by
  Norman Barker <nbarker@ittvis.com>
  - Reorganized java directory layout a little.

PostGIS 1.1.3
2006/06/30

 - NEW Long Transactions support.
 - Can run the regress tests with 'make check' now.
 - New regress test support for loader/dumper.
 - BUGFIX in pgsql2shp successful return code.
 - BUGFIX in shp2pgsql handling of MultiLine WKT.
 - BUGFIX in affine() failing to update bounding box.
 - WKT parser: forbidden construction of multigeometries with
   EMPTY elements (still supported for GEOMETRYCOLLECTION).
 - Added --with-proj-libdir and --with-geos-libdir configure
   switches.
 - JDBC:
   - Improved regression tests: MultiPoint and scientific ordinates
   - Fixed some minor bugs in jdbc code
   - Added proper accessor functions for all fields in preparation of
   making those fields private later
 - Support for build Tru64 build.
 - Use Jade for generating documentation.
 - NEW DumpRings() function.
 - BUGFIX in distance(poly,poly) giving wrong results.
 - NEW AsHEXEWKB(geom, XDR|NDR) function.
 - Don't link pgsql2shp to more libs then required.
 - Initial support for PostgreSQL 8.2.

PostGIS 1.1.2
2006/03/30

 - Regress tests can now be run *before* postgis installation
 - BUGFIX in SnapToGrid() computation of output bounding box
 - More portable ./configure script
 - Changed ./run_test script to have more sane default behaviour
 - Fixed support for 64bit archs
 - jdbc2 SRID handling fixes in JTS code
 - New affine() matrix transformation functions
 - New rotate{,X,Y,Z}() function
 - Old translating and scaling functions now use affine() internally
 - BUGFIX in EnforceRHR()
 - Embedded access control in estimated_extent() for builds against
   pgsql >= 8.0.0

PostGIS 1.1.1
2006/01/23

 - Source code cleanups
 - Solaris 2.7 and MingW support improvements
 - added NumInteriorRing() alias due to OpenGIS ambiguity
 - BUGFIX in geometrycollection handling of GEOS-CAPI connector
 - BUGFIX in line_locate_point()
 - Fixed handling of postgresql paths
 - Fixed a premature exit in postgis_restore.pl
 - BUGFIX in line_substring()
 - New Z and M interpolation in line_substring()
 - New Z and M interpolation in line_interpolate_point()
 - Added support for localized cluster in regress tester

PostGIS 1.1.0
2005/12/21

 - New functions:
   - scale() and transscale() companion methods to translate()
   - line_substring()
   - line_locate_point()
   - M(point)
   - LineMerge(geometry)
   - shift_longitude(geometry)
   - azimuth(geometry)
   - locate_along_measure(geometry, float8)
   - locate_between_measures(geometry, float8, float8)
   - SnapToGrid by point offset (up to 4d support)
   - BuildArea(any_geometry)
   - OGC BdPolyFromText(linestring_wkt, srid)
   - OGC BdMPolyFromText(linestring_wkt, srid)
   - RemovePoint(linestring, offset)
   - ReplacePoint(linestring, offset, point)

 - Bug fixes:
   - Fixed memory leak in polygonize()
   - Fixed bug in lwgeom_as_anytype cast functions
   - Fixed USE_GEOS, USE_PROJ and USE_STATS elements
   of postgis_version() output to always reflect
   library state.

 - Function semantic changes:
   - SnapToGrid doesn't discard higher dimensions
   - Changed Z() function to return NULL if requested
   dimension is not available

 - Performance improvements:
   - Much faster transform() function, caching proj4 objects
   - Removed automatic call to fix_geometry_columns() in
   AddGeometryColumns() and update_geometry_stats()

 - jdbc2 works:
   - Makefile improvements
   - JTS support improvements
   - Improved regression test system
   - Basic consistency check method for geometry collections
   - Support for (Hex)(E)wkb
   - Autoprobing DriverWrapper for HexWKB / EWKT switching
   - fix compile problems in ValueSetter for ancient jdk releases.
   - fix EWKT constructors to accept SRID=4711; representation
   - added preliminary read-only support for java2d geometries

 - Other new things:
   - Full autoconf-based configuration, with
   PostgreSQL source dependency relief
   - GEOS C-API support (2.2.0 and higher)
   - Initial support for topology modelling
   - Debian and RPM specfiles
   - New lwpostgis_upgrade.sql script

 - Other changes:
   - JTS support improvements
   - Stricter mapping between DBF and SQL integer and
   string attributes
   - Wider and cleaner regression test suite
   - old jdbc code removed from release
   - obsoleted direct use of postgis_proc_upgrade.pl
   - scripts version unified with release version

PostGIS 1.0.6
2005/12/06
 - Fixed palloc(0) call in collection deserializer (only gives
   problem with --enable-cassert)
 - Fixed bbox cache handling bugs
 - Fixed geom_accum(NULL, NULL) segfault
 - Initial support for postgresql 8.2
 - Fixed segfault in addPoint()
 - Fixed short-allocation in lwcollection_clone()
 - Fixed bug in segmentize()
 - Added missing SRID mismatch checks in GEOS ops
 - Fixed bbox computation of SnapToGrid output

PostGIS 1.0.5
2005/11/25
 - New "Reporting Bugs" chapter in manual
 - Segfault fix in shp2pgsql (utf8 encoding)
 - Fixed computation of null values fraction in analyzer
 - Fixed return code of shp2pgsql
 - Fixed handling of trailing dots in dbf numerical attributes
 - Schema aware postgis_proc_upgrade.pl, support for pgsql 7.2+
 - Fixed a small bug in the getPoint4d_p() low-level function
 - Fixed memory alignment problems
 - Speedup of serializer functions
 - Bug fix in force_4d, force_3dm and force_3dz functions

PostGIS 1.0.4
2005/09/09
 - Memory leak plugged in GiST indexing
 - Segfault fix in transform() handling of proj4 errors
 - Fixed some proj4 texts in spatial_ref_sys (missing +proj)
 - GiST indexing cleanup
 - Loader: fixed string functions usage, reworked NULL objects check,
   fixed segfault on MULTILINESTRING input.
 - Fixed bug in MakeLine dimension handling
 - Looser syntax acceptance in box3d parser
 - Documentation improvements
 - More robust selectivity estimator
 - Minor speedup in distance()
 - Minor cleanups
 - Fixed bug in translate() corrupting output bounding box
 - Initial implementation of postgis_proc_upgrade script

PostGIS 1.0.3
2005/08/08
 - Severe bugfix in lwgeom's 2d bounding box computation
 - Bugfix in WKT (-w) POINT handling in loader
 - Bugfix in dumper on 64bit machines
 - Bugfix in dumper handling of user-defined queries
 - Bugfix in create_undef.pl script
 - Small performance improvement in canonical input function
 - Minor cleanups in loader
 - Support for multibyte field names in loader
 - Improvement in the postgis_restore.pl script
 - New rebuild_bbox_caches.pl util script

PostGIS 1.0.2
2005/07/04
 - Fault tolerant btree ops
 - Memory Leak fix in pg_error
 - Rtree index fix. See:
   http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2005-06/msg01108.php
   - Initial support for postgresql 8.1dev
 - Cleaner build scripts: avoided mix of CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS
 - NEW -I switch for pgsql2shp (GiST index)

PostGIS 1.0.1
2005/05/24
 - BUGFIX in shp2pgql escape functions
 - BUGFIX in 3d computation of lenght_spheroid
 - better support for concurrent postgis in multiple schemas
 - documentation fixes
 - BUGFIX in join selectivity estimator returning invalid estimates (>1)
 - jdbc2: compile with "-target 1.2 -source 1.2" by default
 - NEW support for custom createdb options in postgis_restore.pl
 - NEW -k switch for pgsql2shp
 - BUGFIX in pgsql2shp attribute names unicity enforcement
 - BUGFIX in Paris projections definitions
 - postgis_restore.pl cleanups

PostGIS 1.0.0
2005/04/19
 - NEW manual pages for loader/dumper
 - NEW shp2pgsql support for old (HWGEOM) postgis versions
 - NEW -p flag for shp2pgsql
 - BUGFIX in transform() releasing random memory address
 - BUGFIX in force_3dm() allocating less memory then required
 - NEW chapter about OGC compliance enforcement
 - BUGFIX in shp2pgsql escape of values starting with "'" or "\t"
 - NEW autoconf support for JTS lib
 - BUGFIX in estimator testers (support for LWGEOM and schema parsing)
 - BUGFIX in join selectivity estimator (defaults, leaks, tuplecount, sd)

PostGIS 1.0.0RC6
2005/03/30
 - BUGFIX dumper 64bit
 - BUGFIX in multi()
 - BUGFIX in postgis_restore.pl script
 - early return [when noop] from multi()
 - dropped {x,y}{min,max}(box2d) functions

PostGIS 1.0.0RC5
2005/03/25
 - small build scripts refinements
 - BUGFIX in box3d computation (yes, another!)
 - BUGFIX in estimated_extent()
   - additional performance tips documented

PostGIS 1.0.0RC4
2005/03/18
 - early return from force_collection
 - segfault fix in geom_accum()
 - consistency check fix in SnapToGrid()
 - jdbc2: code cleanups, Makefile improvements
 - FLEX & YACC variables set *after* pgsql Makefile.global
   is included and only if the pgsql *stripped* version
   evaluates to the empty string
 - added already generated parser in release
 - build scripts refinements
 - MultiLine handling BUG fix in loader and dumper
 - improved version handling, central Version.config
   - added distance_sphere function
 - subselects support in selectivity estimator
 - bug fixes for 64bit architectures
 - bugfix in loaded, skipping all but first hole of polygons.
 - changed get_proj4_from_srid implementation to use plpgsql
   instead of sql to workaround a pgsql80x bug.
 - box2d output changed back to 15 significant digits
 - BUGFIX in box3d computation function with collections
 - improvements in postgis_restore.pl

PostGIS 1.0.0RC3
2005/02/24
 - transform(): missing SRID bugfix, better error handling
 - jdbc2: small patches, box2d/3d tests, revised docs and license.
 - jdbc2: bug fix and testcase in for pgjdbc 8.0 type autoregistration
 - few changes in autoconf
 - reduced precision of box2d output.
 - some functions made IMMUTABLE from STABLE,
   for performance improvement
 - new performance tips chapter in manual
 - BUILDDATE extraction made more portable
 - fixed bogus 72 index bindings
 - prefixed DEBUG macros with PGIS_ to avoid clash with pgsql one
 - fixes in probe_geometry_columns() to work with PG72 and support
   multiple geometry columns in a single table
 - fixed spatial_ref_sys.sql to avoid vacuuming the whole database.
 - jdbc2: Removed use of jdk1.4 only features to enable build with
   older jdk releases.
 - jdbc2: Added support for building against pg72jdbc2.jar
 - documentation updates: pgsql72 requirement, lwpostgis.sql
 - memory alignment handling
 - fixed bug in force_collection causing mapserver connector
   failures on simple (single) geometry types.
 - jdbc2: updated and cleaned makefile
 - plugged a leak in GEOS2POSTGIS converter
 - jdbc2: added BETA support for jts geometry classes
 - jdbc2: Skip known-to-fail tests against older PostGIS servers.
 - jdbc2: Fixed handling of measured geometries in EWKT.
 - Reduced memory usage by early releasing query-context palloced one.
 - Added bool::text cast in lwpostgis.sql
 - bug fix in GeometryFromText() missing to add a bbox cache.
 - spatial_ref_sys: changed Paris entries to match the ones
   distributed with 0.x.

PostGIS 1.0.0RC2
2005/01/26
 - More correct STABLE, IMMUTABLE, STRICT uses in lwpostgis.sql
 - GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(EMPTY) syntax support for backward compatibility
 - faster and more robust loader (both i18n and not)
 - faster binary outputs
 - bug fix in pointarray box3d computation
 - initial autoconf script
 - bug fix in distance_spheroid definition
 - stricter OGC WKB constructors
 - stricter OGC WKT constructors
 - bug fix in transform() missing to update bbox cache
 - LWGEOM aware JDBC driver (jdbc2)

PostGIS 1.0.0RC1
2005/01/13

- New Things
  - Objects are all now "lightweight" with a smaller disk
  and index representation. Large databases should see a moderate
  to large performance increase.
  - Objects now have a hexadecimal canonical representation.
  To see a "user friendly" version of the objects use the
  AsText() function.
  - The loader and dumper use the hexadecimal canonical representation,
  so coordinate drift due to floating point string parsing is now
  eliminated.
  - New functions: UpdateGeometrySRID(), AsGML(), SnapToGrid(),
  ForceRHR(), estimated_extent(), Accum().
  - Vertical positioning operators.
  - Geometry constructors/editors.
  - Coordinate dimensions handling (up to 4d).
  - API.
  - Join selectivity.
- Bug Fixes
  - Numerous small fixes.

PostGIS 0.9.0
2004/09/10

- New Things
  - GEOMETRY_COLUMNS management functions
  - fix_geometry_columns(), probe_geometry_columns()
  - Support for PgSQL 8.0 / Support for Win32
  - Support for GEOS 2.0
- Bug Fixes
  - Schema support in shp2pgsql/pgsql2shp improved
  - Spatial index estimator improved
  - Build system streamlined


PostGIS 0.8.2
2004/05/27

- New Things
  - PgSQL 7.5 Support
  - Integrated PgSQL 7.5 statistics rathering
  - Improved schema support
  - Optional experimental lightweight geometries (LWGEOM)
  - Faster performance
  - Lower disk usage
  - Multi() function to create MULTI* geometries
  - line_interpolate_point() function for linear referencing
- Bug Fixes
  - Minor memory leaks gone
  - Solaris support cleaner
  - shp2pgsql/pgsql2shp more corner cases fixed


PostGIS 0.8.1
2004/01/12

- New Things
  - Schema support in AddGeometryColumn and loader/dumper
- Bug Fixes
  - Memory fixes
  - GEOS translation fixes


PostGIS 0.8.0
2003/11/24

- New Things
  - Support for PostgreSQL 7.4
  - Support for all OpenGIS SFSQL functions (requires GEOS)
  - Contains()
  - Within()
  - GeomUnion()
  - Intersection()
  - Buffer()
  - and many more...!
  - Includes OpenGIS conformance tests
  - Passes all OpenGIS conformance tests
  - Spatial aggregate functions
  - GeomUnion()
  - Collect()
- Bug Fixes
  - shp2pgsql/pgsql2shp
   - Numerous special cases in rings and
     attributes repaired
  - Some OpenGIS conformance changes


PostGIS 0.7.5
2003/04/08

- Bug Fixes
  - shp2pgsql
  - Z coordinate handling
  - M coordinate handling
  - Ring handling fixed in some cases
  - Support for large numbers in attribute tables
  - Some obscure operators fixed
  - Some cygwin build improvements


PostGIS 0.7.4
2003/02/12

- Bug Fixes
  - Several shp2pgsql enhancements and bugs.
  - Cleaner compile, fewer warnings.
  - Better undef support.
  - Fixed stateplane/feet proj definitions.
- New Things
  - Support for PostgreSQL 7.3
  - Optional spatial index selectivity system


PostGIS 0.7.3
2002/09/05

- Bug Fixes
  - Stupid bug in .sql install script breaks install for
  many. Squashed. New release needed.
  - Automatic version detection for appropriate GiST bindings
  - postgis_transform now supports box3d types as well as geometry


PostGIS 0.7.2
2002/09/01

- Bug Fixes
  - Numerous subtle bugs fixed in pgsql2shp and shp2pgsql DBF and
  SHP file handling
  - Some pgsql 7.3 preparations
  - Patch to truly_inside() corner case
  - Updates to the ~ and @ operators
  - Update to translate() function to also translate bbox


PostGIS 0.7.1
2002/05/14

- Bug Fixes
  - PgSQL 7.2 RTree-over-GIST bug fix. Rare data cases
  caused index building to fail.
  - Carriage returns removed from source code. Were
  causing compilation failures.
  - collect() now returns simplest homogeneous type
  being aggregated (e.g.M ULTIPOLYGON for collect(*POLYGON))


PostGIS 0.7.0
2002/05/04

- New Things
  - transform() function provides coordinate reprojection
  using proj4 library
  - spatial_ref_sys.sql has a complete set of proj4
  definitions for each EPSG coordinate system
  - support for PostgreSQL 7.2 GiST index API
  - refactoring of source code to separate index support
  functions from other functions
  - max_distance() function
  - distance_spheroid() function
  - collect() aggregate function
  - xmin(),ymin(),zmin(),xmax(),ymax(),zmax() functions
- Bug Fixes
  - transform() more graceful when grid shifts are missing
  - setsrid() made cacheable
  - patches to loader/dumper


PostGIS 0.6.2
2001/11/07

- New Things
  - spatial_ref_sys.sql complete set of SRID and WKT
  - generate postgis_undef.sql automatically at build
- Bug fixes
  - Memory problem in shp2pgsql
  - Compilation problems with shp2pgsql


PostGIS 0.6.1
2001/10/15

- Bug fixes
  - Cygwin compilation fix
  - Improved getopts handling in utility programs
  - Text casting fixes


PostGIS 0.6
2001/09/19

- New functions
  - postgis_version()
  Return the PostGIS version number.
  - find_srid(<db/schema>::varchar, <table>::varchar, <column>::varchar)
  Return the SRID number for a particular column of a database.
  - AddGeometryColumn(<db/schema>::varchar, <table>::varchar,
   <column>::varchar, <srid>::integer, <type>::varchar,
   <dimension>::integer)
  Appends a geometry column to an existing table and updates the
  metadata tables appropriately.
  - DropGeometryColumn(<db/schema>::varchar, <table>::varchar,
   <column>::varchar)
  Removes a geometry column from an existing spatial table.
  - Distance(<geom1>::geometry, <geom2>::geometry)
  Returns the cartesian distance between two geometries.
  - AsText(<geom>::geometry)
  Returns the OGC well-known text version of the geometry.
  - SRID(<geom>::geometry)
  Returns the integer SRID of the geometry.
  - GeometryFromText(<geom>::varchar, <srid>::integer)
  Creates a geometry object given the OGC well-known text and a valid
  SRID.
  - SetSRID(<geom>::geometry)
  Sets the SRID of a geometry to a particular value.
  - IsClosed(<geom>::geometry)
  Returns true of first and last points of geometry are coincident.
  - StartPoint(<geom>::geometry)
  Returns the first point of a geometry.
  - EndPoint(<geom>::geometry)
  Returns the last point of a geometry.
  - Centroid(<geom>::geometry)
  Returns the centroid of a geometry.
- More OpenGIS SFSQL compatibility
  - SPATIAL_REF_SYS table
  - GEOMETRY_COLUMNS table
  - SRID integrity checking
- Better Mapserver compatibility
- Minor fixes/changes
  - Support for WKB in the tables
  - Miscellaneous bug fixes
  - Placeholders for precision grid


PostGIS 0.5
2001/07/20

- New functions
  - Dimension()
  - GeometryType()
  - Envelope()
  - X(), Y(), Z()
  - NumPoints()
  - PointN()
  - ExteriorRing()
  - NumInteriorRings()
  - InteriorRingN()
  - NumGeometries()
  - GeometryN()
  - Length_Spheroid()
  - Length3D_Spheroid()
  - AsBinary() + XDR and NDR variants
  - force_collection()
- Removed functions
  - wkb_ndr()
  - wkb_xdr()
- New Objects
  - SPHEROID(<NAME>,<SEMIMAJOR AXIS>,<INVERSE FLATTENING>)
  To be used with the length_spheroid functions for accurate
  length calculations on lat/lon data.
- Minor bug fixes
- Internal Functions
  - Extra constructors to make geometry manipulation easier
- Structural Reorganization
  - Broke postgis.c up into four new files
  postgis_debug.c -- debugging functions
  postgis_fn.c -- generic functions (like length())
  postgis_ops.c -- operators and indexing functions
  postgis_inout.c -- type support functions and data conversion functions


PostGIS 0.2
2001/06/19

- New functions
  - extent()
  - force_2d()
  - force_3d()
  - wkb_xdr()
  - wkb_ndr()
  - translate()
- Fixes
  - Cygwin compilation (Norman Vine)
  - i386 byte alignment fixed
  - 'VACUUM ANALYZE' fixed
- Other
  - documentation in docbook xml
  - example program for WKB access
  - removed 'make test' until we can get regression
  working more cleanly


PostGIS 0.1
2001/05/25

- Initial release!
- 'geometry' and 'box3d' types.
- Parsing routines for all possible geometries in OGIS text format
  (POINT, LINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOINT, MULTILINESTRING, MULTIPOLYGON,
  GEOMETRYCOLLECTION).
- Output routines for all possible geometries in OGIS text format.
- area2d(), area3d()
- length3d(), length3d()
- perimeter2d(), perimeter3d()
- truely_inside()
- rtree index support functions
- gist index support functions