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| 1 | +[appendix] |
| 2 | +[[technical-specification-for-pulsed-soccer-ball]] |
| 3 | +== Technical Specification for pulsed Soccer Ball |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +[[pulsed-preamble]] |
| 6 | +=== Preamble |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +Answering to the request for a soccer ball for RCJ tournaments that would be |
| 9 | +more robust to interfering lights, less energy consuming and mechanically more |
| 10 | +resistant, the Soccer League Committee defined the following technical |
| 11 | +specifications with the special collaboration from EK Japan and HiTechnic. |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +Producers of these balls must apply for a certification process upon which they |
| 14 | +can exhibit the RCJ-compliant label and their balls used in RCJ tournaments. |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +Balls with these specifications can be detected using specific sensors but |
| 17 | +also common IR remote control receivers (TSOP1140, TSOP31140, GP1UX511QS, |
| 18 | +etc. - on-off detection with a possible gross indication of distance). |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +[[pulsed-specifications]] |
| 21 | +=== Specifications |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +[[ir-light]] |
| 24 | +==== IR light |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +The ball emits infra-red (IR) light of wavelengths in the range 920nm - 960nm, |
| 27 | +pulsed at a square-wave carrier frequency of 40 kHz. The ball should have |
| 28 | +enough ultra-bright, wide-angle LEDs to minimize unevenness of the IR output. |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +[[pulsed-diameter]] |
| 31 | +==== Diameter |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +The diameter of the ball is required to be 74mm. A well-balanced ball shall be |
| 34 | +used. |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +[[pulsed-drop-test]] |
| 37 | +==== Drop Test |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +The ball must be able to resist normal gameplay. As an indication of its |
| 40 | +durability, it should be able to survive, undamaged, a free-fall from 1.5 |
| 41 | +meters onto a hardwood table or floor. |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +[[pulsed-modulation]] |
| 44 | +==== Modulation |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +The 40 kHz carrier output of the ball shall be modulated with a trapezoidal |
| 47 | +(stepped) waveform of frequency 1.2 kHz. Each 833-microsecond cycle of the |
| 48 | +modulation waveform shall comprise 8 carrier pulses at full intensity, followed |
| 49 | +(in turn) by 4 carrier pulses at 1/4 of full intensity, four pulses at 1/16 of |
| 50 | +full intensity and four pulses at 1/64 of full intensity, followed by a space |
| 51 | +(i.e. zero intensity) of about 346 microseconds. The peak current level in the |
| 52 | +LEDs shall be within the range 45-55mA. The radiant intensity shall be more |
| 53 | +than 20mW/sr per LED. |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +[[pulsed-battery-life]] |
| 56 | +==== Battery Life |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | +If the ball has an embedded rechargeable battery, when new and fully charged it |
| 59 | +should last for more than 3 hours of continuous use before the brightness of |
| 60 | +the LEDs drops to 90% of the initial value. If the ball uses replaceable |
| 61 | +batteries, a set of new high-quality alkaline batteries should last for more |
| 62 | +than 8 hours of continuous use before the brightness of the LEDs drops to 90% |
| 63 | +of the initial value. |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +[[pulsed-coloration]] |
| 66 | +==== Coloration |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +The ball must not have any marks or discoloration that can be confused with |
| 69 | +goals, or the field itself. |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +[[official-suppliers-for-pulsed-balls]] |
| 72 | +=== Official suppliers for pulsed balls |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +Currently, there is one ball that has been approved by the |
| 75 | +Soccer League Committee: |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +- RoboCup Junior Soccer ball operating in MODE A (pulsed) made by EK Japan/Elekit (https://elekit.co.jp/en/product/RCJ-05R) |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +Note that this ball was previously called RCJ-05. While you may not be able to |
| 80 | +find a ball with this name anymore, any IR ball produced by EK Japan/Elekit is |
| 81 | +considered to be approved by the Soccer League Committee. |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | +[appendix] |
| 84 | +[[passive-ball-spec]] |
| 85 | +== Technical Specification for passive Soccer Ball |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +[[passive-ball-spec-preamble]] |
| 88 | +=== Preamble |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +In order to push the state of the art in the Soccer competition forward, |
| 91 | +while also trying to bridge the gap between the Junior and Major leagues, the |
| 92 | +Soccer League Committee chose a standard orange golf ball as the "passive" ball. |
| 93 | +This is the same choice as the Small Size League makes footnote:[See the SSL |
| 94 | +rules at https://robocup-ssl.github.io/ssl-rules/sslrules.html#_ball] and since |
| 95 | +these balls are standardized, they should be cheap and easy to get anywhere |
| 96 | +around the globe. |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | +[[specifications]] |
| 99 | +=== Specifications |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +[[passive-diameter]] |
| 102 | +==== Diameter |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | +The diameter of the ball is required to be 42mm +- 1mm. |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +[[passive-drop-test]] |
| 107 | +==== Drop Test |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +The ball must be able to resist normal gameplay. As an indication of its |
| 110 | +durability, it should be able to survive, undamaged, a free-fall from 1.5 |
| 111 | +meters onto a hardwood table or floor. |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +[[passive-coloration]] |
| 114 | +==== Coloration |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +The ball shall be of orange color. Since the definition of the orange color in |
| 117 | +general is not easy, any color that a human would deem to be orange and is |
| 118 | +substantially different from the other colors used on the field is acceptable. |
| 119 | +While tournament organizers may supply matte balls to improve camera vision, |
| 120 | +teams must still be prepared to play with the balls supplied by |
| 121 | +tournament organizers. |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | +[[passive-surface]] |
| 124 | +==== Surface |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +Engravings and printed labels on the ball’s surface are tolerated. |
| 127 | +The the ball should not have |
| 128 | +a soft-touch finish. Teams must be prepared to play with balls as supplied |
| 129 | +by tournament organizers. |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +[[passive-weight]] |
| 132 | +==== Weight |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | +The weight of the ball should be 46 grams (+- 1 gram). |
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