diff --git a/bindings/pyroot/cppyy/CPyCppyy/src/Pythonize.cxx b/bindings/pyroot/cppyy/CPyCppyy/src/Pythonize.cxx
index 2dcfc52b29dcd..ff284e15ad3bd 100644
--- a/bindings/pyroot/cppyy/CPyCppyy/src/Pythonize.cxx
+++ b/bindings/pyroot/cppyy/CPyCppyy/src/Pythonize.cxx
@@ -448,9 +448,20 @@ PyObject* VectorIAdd(PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /* kwds */)
         if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(fi) && !(CPyCppyy_PyText_Check(fi) || PyBytes_Check(fi))) {
             PyObject* vend = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self, PyStrings::gEnd);
             if (vend) {
-                PyObject* result = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(self, PyStrings::gInsert, vend, fi, nullptr);
+            // when __iadd__ is overriden, the operation does not end with
+            // calling the __iadd__ method, but also assigns the result to the
+            // lhs of the iadd. For example, performing vec += arr, Python
+            // first calls our override, and then does vec = vec.iadd(arr).
+                PyObject *it = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(self, PyStrings::gInsert, vend, fi, nullptr);
                 Py_DECREF(vend);
-                return result;
+
+                if (!it)
+                    return nullptr;
+
+                Py_DECREF(it);
+            // Assign the result of the __iadd__ override to the std::vector
+                Py_INCREF(self);
+                return self;
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/bindings/pyroot/pythonizations/test/stl_vector.py b/bindings/pyroot/pythonizations/test/stl_vector.py
index 25142fbeae267..99170082fc442 100644
--- a/bindings/pyroot/pythonizations/test/stl_vector.py
+++ b/bindings/pyroot/pythonizations/test/stl_vector.py
@@ -5,6 +5,20 @@
 import ROOT
 
 
+# Helper function to assert that the elements of an array object and a std::vector proxy are equal
+def assertVec(vec, arr):
+    # cppyy automatically casts random integers to unicode characters,
+    # so do the same in python so the validation doesn't fail
+    if isinstance(arr, array.array) and arr.typecode in ("b", "B"):
+        arr = [chr(b) for b in arr]
+
+    tc = unittest.TestCase()
+    # first check lengths match
+    tc.assertEqual(len(vec), len(arr), f"Length mismatch: std::vector is {len(vec)}, array is {len(arr)}")
+
+    tc.assertSequenceEqual(vec, arr, msg="std::vector and array differ, iadd failed")
+
+
 class STL_vector(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Tests for the pythonizations of std::vector. 
@@ -45,6 +59,78 @@ def test_stl_vector_boolean(self):
             self.assertFalse(vector.empty())
             self.assertTrue(bool(vector))
 
+    def test_stl_vector_iadd(self):
+        import array
+        import random
+
+        """
+        Test that the __iadd__ pythonization of std::vector works as expected.
+        This call dispatches to std::insert
+        https://github.com/root-project/root/issues/18768
+        """
+
+        # we go over all possible numeric PODs
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html
+        entry_type = [
+            "char",
+            "unsigned char",
+            "short",
+            "unsigned short",
+            "int",
+            "unsigned int",
+            "long",
+            "unsigned long",
+            "long long",
+            "float",
+            "double",
+        ]
+        array_type = ["b", "B", "h", "H", "i", "I", "l", "L", "q", "Q", "f", "d"]
+
+        typemap = zip(entry_type, array_type)
+        n = 5
+        for dtype in typemap:
+            vec = ROOT.std.vector[dtype[0]]()
+            self.assertTrue(vec.empty())
+            li = [random.randint(1, 100) for _ in range(n)]
+            arr = array.array(dtype[1], li)
+            vec += arr
+            self.assertFalse(vec.empty())
+            assertVec(vec, arr)
+            vec.pop_back()
+            arr = arr[:-1]
+            assertVec(vec, arr)
+
+    def test_stl_vector_iadd_2D(self):
+        """
+        Test that the __iadd__ pythonization of std::vector works as expected in 2D
+        """
+        initial = [
+            [1, 2, 3],
+            [4, 5, 6],
+            [7, 8, 9],
+        ]
+
+        vec2d = ROOT.std.vector[ROOT.std.vector[int]](initial)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(vec2d), len(initial), f"Initial 2D vector row count wrong ({len(vec2d)} vs {len(initial)})"
+        )
+
+        # verify rows before iadd
+        for idx, (subvec, sublist) in enumerate(zip(vec2d, initial)):
+            with self.subTest(row=idx, phase="before"):
+                assertVec(subvec, sublist)
+
+        vec2d += initial
+        expected = initial + initial
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(vec2d), len(expected), f"2D vector row count after iadd wrong ({len(vec2d)} vs {len(expected)})"
+        )
+
+        for idx, (subvec, sublist) in enumerate(zip(vec2d, expected)):
+            with self.subTest(row=idx, phase="after"):
+                assertVec(subvec, sublist)
+
     def test_tree_with_containers(self):
         """
         Test that the boolean conversion of a std::vector works as expected inside a TTree.