Add tests for additional calculation functions

- [x] Original Implementation (https://github.com/sass/sass-spec/pull/1912)
- [x] Revert (https://github.com/sass/sass-spec/pull/1931)
- [x] Roll Forward (https://github.com/sass/sass-spec/pull/1934)
- [ ] Breaking Changes

See https://github.com/sass/sass/issues/3504