feat: better database migration and config init

Author: shinonomeow

backend/.claude/claude.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+1: ruff 是 brew 安装的
+2: 项目是通过 uv 运行的

backend/.claude/mp.md

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+# MoviePilot 版本管理参考
+
+## 版本文件
+
+位置：项目根目录 `version.py`
+
+```python
+APP_VERSION = 'v1.9.19'
+```
+
+## CI 工作流 (build.yml)
+
+### 触发条件
+
+```yaml
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:  # 手动触发
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - 'version.py'  # 只有 version.py 变化才触发
+```
+
+### 读取版本号
+
+```yaml
+- name: Get version
+  id: get_version
+  run: |
+    app_version=$(cat version.py | sed -ne "s/APP_VERSION\s=\s'v\(.*\)'/\1/gp")
+    echo "APP_VERSION=${app_version}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+```
+
+### 使用版本号
+
+```yaml
+# Docker 镜像标签
+- name: Build and push
+  uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+  with:
+    tags: |
+      ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ steps.get_version.outputs.APP_VERSION }}
+      ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:latest
+
+# 创建 Release
+- name: Create Release
+  uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+  with:
+    tag_name: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.APP_VERSION }}
+    name: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.APP_VERSION }}
+```
+
+## 完整工作流示例
+
+```yaml
+name: Build
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - 'version.py'
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Get version
+        id: get_version
+        run: |
+          app_version=$(cat version.py | sed -ne "s/APP_VERSION\s=\s'v\(.*\)'/\1/gp")
+          echo "APP_VERSION=${app_version}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Login to GHCR
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build and push
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        with:
+          context: .
+          push: true
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          tags: |
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ steps.get_version.outputs.APP_VERSION }}
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:latest
+
+      - name: Create Release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        with:
+          tag_name: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.APP_VERSION }}
+          name: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.APP_VERSION }}
+          generate_release_notes: true
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+```
+
+## 发版流程
+
+```
+1. 修改 version.py: APP_VERSION = 'v1.9.20'
+2. git add version.py
+3. git commit -m "release: v1.9.20"
+4. git push origin main
+5. GitHub Actions 自动:
+   - 检测 version.py 变化
+   - 读取版本号 1.9.20
+   - 构建 Docker 镜像 (tag: 1.9.20, latest)
+   - 创建 GitHub Release (tag: v1.9.20)
+```
+
+## sed 命令解析
+
+```bash
+cat version.py | sed -ne "s/APP_VERSION\s=\s'v\(.*\)'/\1/gp"
+```
+
+- `-n`: 不自动打印
+- `-e`: 执行脚本
+- `s/pattern/replacement/gp`: 替换并打印
+- `\s`: 匹配空白字符
+- `\(.*\)`: 捕获组，匹配版本号
+- `\1`: 引用捕获组
+
+输入: `APP_VERSION = 'v1.9.19'`
+输出: `1.9.19`

backend/alembic.ini

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+# A generic, single database configuration.
+
+[alembic]
+# path to migration scripts.
+# this is typically a path given in POSIX (e.g. forward slashes)
+# format, relative to the token %(here)s which refers to the location of this
+# ini file
+script_location = %(here)s/src/alembic
+
+# template used to generate migration file names; The default value is %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+# Uncomment the line below if you want the files to be prepended with date and time
+# see https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/tutorial.html#editing-the-ini-file
+# for all available tokens
+# file_template = %%(year)d_%%(month).2d_%%(day).2d_%%(hour).2d%%(minute).2d-%%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+
+# sys.path path, will be prepended to sys.path if present.
+# defaults to the current working directory.  for multiple paths, the path separator
+# is defined by "path_separator" below.
+prepend_sys_path = src
+
+
+# timezone to use when rendering the date within the migration file
+# as well as the filename.
+# If specified, requires the tzdata library which can be installed by adding
+# `alembic[tz]` to the pip requirements.
+# string value is passed to ZoneInfo()
+# leave blank for localtime
+# timezone =
+
+# max length of characters to apply to the "slug" field
+# truncate_slug_length = 40
+
+# set to 'true' to run the environment during
+# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
+# revision_environment = false
+
+# set to 'true' to allow .pyc and .pyo files without
+# a source .py file to be detected as revisions in the
+# versions/ directory
+# sourceless = false
+
+# version location specification; This defaults
+# to <script_location>/versions.  When using multiple version
+# directories, initial revisions must be specified with --version-path.
+# The path separator used here should be the separator specified by "path_separator"
+# below.
+# version_locations = %(here)s/bar:%(here)s/bat:%(here)s/alembic/versions
+
+# path_separator; This indicates what character is used to split lists of file
+# paths, including version_locations and prepend_sys_path within configparser
+# files such as alembic.ini.
+# The default rendered in new alembic.ini files is "os", which uses os.pathsep
+# to provide os-dependent path splitting.
+#
+# Note that in order to support legacy alembic.ini files, this default does NOT
+# take place if path_separator is not present in alembic.ini.  If this
+# option is omitted entirely, fallback logic is as follows:
+#
+# 1. Parsing of the version_locations option falls back to using the legacy
+#    "version_path_separator" key, which if absent then falls back to the legacy
+#    behavior of splitting on spaces and/or commas.
+# 2. Parsing of the prepend_sys_path option falls back to the legacy
+#    behavior of splitting on spaces, commas, or colons.
+#
+# Valid values for path_separator are:
+#
+# path_separator = :
+# path_separator = ;
+# path_separator = space
+# path_separator = newline
+#
+# Use os.pathsep. Default configuration used for new projects.
+path_separator = os
+
+# set to 'true' to search source files recursively
+# in each "version_locations" directory
+# new in Alembic version 1.10
+# recursive_version_locations = false
+
+# the output encoding used when revision files
+# are written from script.py.mako
+# output_encoding = utf-8
+
+# database URL.  This is consumed by the user-maintained env.py script only.
+# other means of configuring database URLs may be customized within the env.py
+# file.
+sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///data/data.db
+
+
+[post_write_hooks]
+# post_write_hooks defines scripts or Python functions that are run
+# on newly generated revision scripts.  See the documentation for further
+# detail and examples
+
+# format using "black" - use the console_scripts runner, against the "black" entrypoint
+# hooks = black
+# black.type = console_scripts
+# black.entrypoint = black
+# black.options = -l 79 REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# lint with attempts to fix using "ruff" - use the module runner, against the "ruff" module
+# hooks = ruff
+# ruff.type = module
+# ruff.module = ruff
+# ruff.options = check --fix REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# Alternatively, use the exec runner to execute a binary found on your PATH
+# hooks = ruff
+# ruff.type = exec
+# ruff.executable = ruff
+# ruff.options = check --fix REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# Logging configuration.  This is also consumed by the user-maintained
+# env.py script only.
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARNING
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARNING
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

backend/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ description = "Add your description here"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 dependencies = [
+  "aiolimiter>=1.2.1",
+  "alembic>=1.17.2",
   "bcrypt==4.2.0",
   "beautifulsoup4>=4.13.4",
   "bencode-py>=4.0.0",
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "jinja2>=3.1.6",
   "packaging>=25.0",
   "passlib>=1.7.4",
+  "pydantic-settings>=2.0.0",
   "python-jose>=3.5.0",
   "python-multipart>=0.0.20",
   "sqlmodel>=0.0.24",

backend/src/alembic/README

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Generic single-database configuration.

backend/src/alembic/env.py

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+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from alembic import context
+from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
+from sqlmodel import SQLModel
+
+# 添加路径
+src_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent  # backend/src
+sys.path.insert(0, str(src_dir))
+
+# 导入所有模型（确保它们被注册到 metadata）
+from models import Bangumi, RSSItem, Torrent, User
+
+# Alembic Config 对象
+config = context.config
+
+# 设置日志 - 注意：在程序内部调用时不要重置日志配置
+# fileConfig 会破坏 uvicorn 的日志处理器，导致启动失败
+# if config.config_file_name is not None:
+#     fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+# SQLModel 的 metadata
+target_metadata = SQLModel.metadata
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    """离线模式运行迁移"""
+    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+        render_as_batch=True,  # SQLite 必需
+    )
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    """在线模式运行迁移"""
+    # 创建 data 目录
+    data_dir = src_dir.parent / "data"  # backend/data
+    data_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+
+    connectable = engine_from_config(
+        config.get_section(config.config_ini_section, {}),
+        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+    )
+
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        context.configure(
+            connection=connection,
+            target_metadata=target_metadata,
+            render_as_batch=True,  # SQLite 必需
+            compare_type=True,
+        )
+
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()