feat:add ExtractStrict improved built-in

Author: nigeltroy

index.d.ts

@@ -175,3 +175,6 @@ export type {LastArrayElement} from './source/last-array-element';
 export type {GlobalThis} from './source/global-this';
 export type {PackageJson} from './source/package-json';
 export type {TsConfigJson} from './source/tsconfig-json';
+
+// Improved Built-in
+export type {ExtractStrict} from './source/extract-strict';

readme.md

@@ -332,6 +332,10 @@ type ShouldBeNever = IfAny<'not any', 'not never', 'never'>;
 - [`PackageJson`](source/package-json.d.ts) - Type for [npm's `package.json` file](https://docs.npmjs.com/creating-a-package-json-file). It also includes support for [TypeScript Declaration Files](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-files/publishing.html).
 - [`TsConfigJson`](source/tsconfig-json.d.ts) - Type for [TypeScript's `tsconfig.json` file](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html).
 
+### Improved Built-in
+
+- [`ExtractStrict`](source/extract-strict.d.ts) - Like `Extract<Type, Union>`, but all members of `Union` are restricted to be subsets of some member of `Type`.
+
 ## Declined types
 
 *If we decline a type addition, we will make sure to document the better solution here.*

source/extract-strict.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import type {Exact} from './exact';
+
+/**
+Extract members of a union type `Type` based on the
+fields in the given union type `Union`, where each
+union member of `Union` is only allowed to be a subset
+of some union member of `Type`.
+
+Constraint: ∀ U ∈ Union, U ⊆ T, where T ∈ Type
+
+@example
+```
+type Foo = {
+	kind: 'foo';
+	a: string;
+	b: string;
+};
+
+type Bar = {
+	kind: 'bar';
+	a: string;
+	b: number;
+	c: boolean;
+};
+
+type Foobar = Foo | Bar;
+
+type FoobarByA = ExtractStrict<Foobar, {a: string}>;
+// => Foobar
+
+type OnlyFooByKind = ExtractStrict<Foobar, {kind: 'foo'}>;
+// => Foo
+
+type OnlyFooByB = ExtractStrict<Foobar, {b: string}>;
+// => Foo
+
+type OnlyBarByC = ExtractStrict<Foobar, {c: boolean}>;
+// => Bar
+
+type InvalidUnionForType = ExtractStrict<Foobar, {d: string}>;
+// => Error:
+//	  Types of property 'd' are incompatible.
+//	  Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'never'.
+```
+@category Improved Builtin
+*/
+export type ExtractStrict<
+	Type,
+	/**
+	 * Only allow keys that are in some union member
+	 * of `Type`. Thus, each union member of `Union`
+	 * is only allowed to be a subset of some union
+	 * member of `Type`.
+	 */
+	Union extends Partial<Exact<Type, Union>>,
+> = Extract<Type, Union>;

test-d/extract-strict.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import {expectType} from 'tsd';
+import type {ExtractStrict} from '../source/extract-strict';
+
+// Primitive union tests
+
+type ShirtSize = 'xxxl' | 'xxl' | 'xl' | 'l' | 'm' | 's' | 'xs' | 'xxs';
+type LargeShirtSize = 'xxxl' | 'xxl' | 'xl' | 'l';
+type SmallShirtSize = 's' | 'xs' | 'xxs';
+
+declare const largeShirtSizes: ExtractStrict<ShirtSize, LargeShirtSize>;
+expectType<LargeShirtSize>(largeShirtSizes);
+
+declare const smallShirtSizes: ExtractStrict<ShirtSize, SmallShirtSize>;
+expectType<SmallShirtSize>(smallShirtSizes);
+
+// @ts-expect-error
+declare const allInvalidShirtSizes: ExtractStrict<ShirtSize, 'skyscraper-large' | 'atom-small'>;
+expectType<never>(allInvalidShirtSizes);
+
+// @ts-expect-error
+declare const someInvalidShirtSizes: ExtractStrict<ShirtSize, 'm' | 'atom-small'>;
+expectType<'m'>(someInvalidShirtSizes); // This is how native `Extract` works with primitives
+
+// Object union tests
+
+type Foo = {
+	kind: 'foo';
+	a: string;
+	b: string;
+};
+
+type Bar = {
+	kind: 'bar';
+	a: string;
+	b: number;
+	c: boolean;
+};
+
+type Foobar = Foo | Bar;
+
+declare const foobarByA: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {a: string}>;
+expectType<Foobar>(foobarByA);
+
+declare const onlyFooByKind: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {kind: 'foo'}>;
+expectType<Foo>(onlyFooByKind);
+
+declare const onlyFooByB: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {b: string}>;
+expectType<Foo>(onlyFooByB);
+
+declare const onlyBarByC: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {c: boolean}>;
+expectType<Bar>(onlyBarByC);
+
+declare const foobarByUnionBC: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {b: string} | {c: boolean}>;
+expectType<Foobar>(foobarByUnionBC);
+
+// @ts-expect-error
+declare const invalidLoneField: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {d: string}>;
+expectType<never>(invalidLoneField);
+
+// @ts-expect-error
+declare const invalidMixedFields: ExtractStrict<Foobar, {kind: 'foo'; d: string}>;
+expectType<never>(invalidMixedFields);
+
+// @ts-expect-error
+declare const undefinedField: ExtractStrict<Foobar, undefined>;
+expectType<never>(undefinedField);