diff --git a/AppConfig.java b/AppConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d8a33fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/AppConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan;
+
+/**
+ * Application configuration constants.
+ * 应用配置常量
+ *
+ * @author <a href="https://88250.b3log.org">Liang Ding</a>
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Jan 27, 2026
+ * @since 3.5.5
+ */
+public final class AppConfig {
+
+    // Network / 网络配置
+    public static final int KERNEL_PORT = 6806;
+    public static final int DEFAULT_ASYNC_SERVER_PORT = 6906;
+    public static final String KERNEL_BASE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:" + KERNEL_PORT;
+    public static final String KERNEL_BOOT_URL = KERNEL_BASE_URL + "/appearance/boot/index.html?v=" + Utils.version;
+
+    // Timeouts / 超时配置
+    public static final long KERNEL_BOOT_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 10;
+    public static final long KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION_MS = 45 * 1000;
+
+    // Paths / 路径配置
+    public static final String APP_ZIP = "app.zip";
+    public static final String APP_DIR = "/app";
+    public static final String APP_VERSION_FILE = "VERSION";
+    public static final String DATA_ASSETS_DIR = "data/assets";
+
+    // Colors / 颜色配置
+    public static final String DEFAULT_DARK_COLOR = "#1e1e1e";
+    public static final String DEFAULT_STATUS_BAR_COLOR = "#1e1e1e";
+    public static final String DEFAULT_FALLBACK_COLOR = "#212224";
+
+    // Request codes / 请求代码
+    public static final int REQUEST_SELECT_FILE = 100;
+    public static final int REQUEST_CAMERA = 101;
+
+    // WebView / WebView 配置
+    public static final int MIN_WEBVIEW_VERSION = 95;
+    public static final int WEBVIEW_TEXT_ZOOM = 100;
+    public static final String USER_AGENT_PREFIX = "SiYuan/";
+    public static final String USER_AGENT_SUFFIX = " https://b3log.org/siyuan Android ";
+
+    // API endpoints / API 端点
+    public static final String API_WALK_DIR = "/api/walkDir";
+    public static final String API_SYNC_PERFORM = KERNEL_BASE_URL + "/api/sync/performSync";
+
+    // JavaScript bridge / JavaScript 桥接
+    public static final String JS_INTERFACE_NAME = "JSAndroid";
+
+    // Feature flags / 功能标志
+    public static final String FEATURE_AI = "ai";
+
+    private AppConfig() {
+        // Prevent instantiation / 防止实例化
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
index d7f78de9..0b2f6e75 100644
--- a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         tools:targetApi="tiramisu">
 
         <activity
-            android:name=".BootActivity"
+            android:name=".activity.BootActivity"
             android:autoRemoveFromRecents="true"
             android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"
             android:exported="true"
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
         </activity>
 
         <activity
-            android:name=".RedirectUriReceiverActivity"
+            android:name=".activity.RedirectUriReceiverActivity"
             android:excludeFromRecents="true"
             android:exported="true"
             android:noHistory="true"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
         </activity>
 
         <activity
-            android:name=".MainActivity"
+            android:name=".activity.MainActivity"
             android:autoRemoveFromRecents="true"
             android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|screenLayout|uiMode|orientation|screenSize|smallestScreenSize"
             android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
         -->
 
         <service
-            android:name=".KeepLiveService"
+            android:name=".service.KeepLiveService"
             android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
             <property
                 android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
         </service>
 
         <!-- 监听系统广播以实现预约通知 -->
-        <receiver android:name=".NotificationReceiver" />
+        <receiver android:name=".service.NotificationReceiver" />
 
         <!--
             Support opening assets through other apps on the Android
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/BootActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/BootActivity.java
similarity index 98%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/BootActivity.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/BootActivity.java
index c8122ca9..494e832e 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/BootActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/BootActivity.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.activity;
 
 import android.app.AlertDialog;
 import android.content.ClipData;
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
 import com.blankj.utilcode.util.BarUtils;
 
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.R;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.HashSet;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/MainActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/MainActivity.java
similarity index 66%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/MainActivity.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/MainActivity.java
index 55c8f77e..20766173 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/MainActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/MainActivity.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.activity;
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.app.Activity;
@@ -61,34 +61,28 @@
 import com.blankj.utilcode.util.BarUtils;
 import com.blankj.utilcode.util.KeyboardUtils;
 import com.blankj.utilcode.util.StringUtils;
-import com.koushikdutta.async.AsyncServer;
 import com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpClient;
 import com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpPost;
 import com.koushikdutta.async.http.body.JSONObjectBody;
-import com.koushikdutta.async.http.server.AsyncHttpServer;
-import com.koushikdutta.async.util.Charsets;
 import com.zackratos.ultimatebarx.ultimatebarx.java.UltimateBarX;
 
-import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.DirectoryFileFilter;
-import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.TrueFileFilter;
-import org.json.JSONArray;
-import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.R;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.bridge.JSAndroid;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.manager.AppAssetManager;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.manager.HttpServerManager;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.manager.KernelManager;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.manager.SyncManager;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.manager.WebViewManager;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.service.KeepLiveService;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.AndroidBug5497Workaround;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.ServerSocket;
 import java.net.URL;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.TimeZone;
-
-import mobile.Mobile;
 
 /**
  * 主程序.
@@ -99,17 +93,19 @@
  */
 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements com.blankj.utilcode.util.Utils.OnAppStatusChangedListener {
 
-    private AsyncHttpServer server;
-    WebView webView;
+    private AppAssetManager assetManager;
+    private HttpServerManager httpServerManager;
+    private KernelManager kernelManager;
+    private SyncManager syncManager;
+    private WebViewManager webViewManager;
+    public WebView webView;
     private ImageView bootLogo;
     private ProgressBar bootProgressBar;
     private TextView bootDetailsText;
 
     private ValueCallback<Uri[]> uploadMessage;
-    private static final int REQUEST_SELECT_FILE = 100;
-    private static final int REQUEST_CAMERA = 101;
 
-    static int serverPort = 6906;
+    static int serverPort = AppConfig.DEFAULT_ASYNC_SERVER_PORT;
     static String webViewVer;
     static String userAgent;
 
@@ -118,24 +114,21 @@ public void onNewIntent(final Intent intent) {
         super.onNewIntent(intent);
         setIntent(intent);
 
-        if (null == intent || null == webView) {
+        if (null == intent || null == webViewManager) {
             return;
         }
 
-        try {
-            final String script;
-            if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(intent.getStringExtra("oidcCallback"))) {
-                script = "window.handleOidcCallbackLink(" + JSONObject.quote(intent.getStringExtra("oidcCallback")) + ");";
-            } else if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(intent.getStringExtra("blockURL"))) {
-                script = "window.openFileByURL(" + JSONObject.quote(intent.getStringExtra("blockURL")) + ");";
-            } else {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            runOnUiThread(() -> webView.evaluateJavascript(script, null));
+        // Handle OIDC callback
+        final String oidcCallback = intent.getStringExtra("oidcCallback");
+        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(oidcCallback)) {
+            webViewManager.handleOidcCallback(oidcCallback);
+            return;
+        }
 
-        } catch (final Exception e) {
-            Utils.logError("intent", "handle payload failed", e);
+        // Handle block URL
+        final String blockURL = intent.getStringExtra("blockURL");
+        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(blockURL)) {
+            webViewManager.openBlockByURL(blockURL);
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,7 +149,11 @@ protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         }
 
         // 启动 HTTP Server
-        startHttpServer();
+        httpServerManager = new HttpServerManager(this);
+        serverPort = httpServerManager.startServer();
+
+        // 初始化同步管理器
+        syncManager = new SyncManager();
 
         // 初始化 UI 元素
         initUIElements();
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
             Utils.setWebViewFocusable(webView, true);
         } else {
             // 沉浸式状态栏设置
-            UltimateBarX.statusBarOnly(this).transparent().light(false).color(Color.parseColor("#1e1e1e")).apply();
+            UltimateBarX.statusBarOnly(this).transparent().light(false).color(Color.parseColor(AppConfig.DEFAULT_STATUS_BAR_COLOR)).apply();
             ((ViewGroup) webView.getParent()).setPadding(0, UltimateBarX.getStatusBarHeight(), 0, 0);
         }
 
@@ -226,7 +223,10 @@ private void showBootIndex() {
             return;
         }
 
-        webView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
+        // Initialize WebViewManager
+        webViewManager = new WebViewManager(this, webView);
+        userAgent = webViewManager.initialize();
+        MainActivity.webViewVer = userAgent;
         webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
             @Override
             public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(final WebView view, final WebResourceRequest request) {
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ public boolean onShowFileChooser(final WebView mWebView, final ValueCallback<Uri
                         builder.setTitle("权限申请 / Permission Request");
                         builder.setMessage("需要相机权限以拍摄照片并插入到当前文档中 / Camera permission is required to take photos and insert them into the current document");
                         builder.setPositiveButton("同意/Agree", (dialog, which) -> {
-                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, REQUEST_CAMERA);
+                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, AppConfig.REQUEST_CAMERA);
                         });
                         builder.setNegativeButton("拒绝/Decline", (dialog, which) -> {
                             Utils.showToast(MainActivity.this, "权限已被拒绝 / Permission denied");
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ public boolean onShowFileChooser(final WebView mWebView, final ValueCallback<Uri
                 final Intent intent = fileChooserParams.createIntent();
                 intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_ALLOW_MULTIPLE, true);
                 try {
-                    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_SELECT_FILE);
+                    startActivityForResult(intent, AppConfig.REQUEST_SELECT_FILE);
                 } catch (final Exception e) {
                     uploadMessage = null;
                     Utils.showToast(MainActivity.this, "Cannot open file chooser");
@@ -359,21 +359,13 @@ public void onPermissionRequest(final PermissionRequest request) {
             }
         });
 
+        // Register JavaScript interface
         final JSAndroid JSAndroid = new JSAndroid(this);
-        webView.addJavascriptInterface(JSAndroid, "JSAndroid");
-        CookieManager.getInstance().setAcceptThirdPartyCookies(webView, true);
-        final WebSettings ws = webView.getSettings();
-        ws.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
-        ws.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
-        ws.setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_NO_CACHE);
-        ws.setMixedContentMode(WebSettings.MIXED_CONTENT_ALWAYS_ALLOW);
-        ws.setTextZoom(100);
-        ws.setUseWideViewPort(true);
-        ws.setLoadWithOverviewMode(true);
-        ws.setUserAgentString("SiYuan/" + Utils.version + " https://b3log.org/siyuan Android " + ws.getUserAgentString());
+        webViewManager.registerJavaScriptInterface(JSAndroid);
 
+        // Wait for kernel and load boot URL
         waitFotKernelHttpServing();
-        webView.loadUrl("http://127.0.0.1:6806/appearance/boot/index.html?v=" + Utils.version);
+        webViewManager.loadBootUrl();
 
         keepLiveActive = true;
         keepLiveThread = new Thread(this::keepLive, "KeepLiveThread");
@@ -392,112 +384,20 @@ public void handleMessage(final Message msg) {
         }
     };
 
-    private void startHttpServer() {
-        if (null != server) {
-            server.stop();
-        }
-
-        try {
-            // 解决乱码问题 https://github.com/koush/AndroidAsync/issues/656#issuecomment-523325452
-            final Class<Charsets> charsetClass = Charsets.class;
-            Field usAscii = charsetClass.getDeclaredField("US_ASCII");
-            usAscii.setAccessible(true);
-            usAscii.set(Charsets.class, Charsets.UTF_8);
-        } catch (final Exception e) {
-            Utils.logError("http", "init charset failed", e);
-        }
-
-        server = new AsyncHttpServer();
-        server.post("/api/walkDir", (request, response) -> {
-            try {
-                final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
-                final JSONObject requestJSON = (JSONObject) request.getBody().get();
-                final String dir = requestJSON.optString("dir");
-                final JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
-                final JSONArray files = new JSONArray();
-                FileUtils.listFilesAndDirs(new File(dir), TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE, DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY).forEach(file -> {
-                    final String path = file.getAbsolutePath();
-                    final JSONObject info = new JSONObject();
-                    try {
-                        info.put("path", path);
-                        info.put("name", file.getName());
-                        info.put("size", file.length());
-                        info.put("updated", file.lastModified());
-                        info.put("isDir", file.isDirectory());
-                    } catch (final Exception e) {
-                        Utils.logError("http", "walk dir failed", e);
-                    }
-                    files.put(info);
-                });
-                data.put("files", files);
-                final JSONObject responseJSON = new JSONObject().put("code", 0).put("msg", "").put("data", data);
-                response.send(responseJSON);
-                Utils.logInfo("http", "Walk dir [" + dir + "] in [" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "] ms");
-            } catch (final Exception e) {
-                Utils.logError("http", "walk dir failed", e);
-                try {
-                    response.send(new JSONObject().put("code", -1).put("msg", e.getMessage()));
-                } catch (final Exception e2) {
-                    Utils.logError("http", "walk dir failed", e2);
-                }
-            }
-        });
-
-        serverPort = getAvailablePort();
-        final AsyncServer s = AsyncServer.getDefault();
-        if (Utils.isDebugPackageAndMode(this)) {
-            // 开发环境绑定所有网卡以便调试
-            s.listen(null, serverPort, server.getListenCallback());
-        } else {
-            // 生产环境绑定 ipv6 回环地址 [::1] 以防止被远程访问
-            s.listen(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), serverPort, server.getListenCallback());
-        }
-        Utils.logInfo("http", "HTTP server is listening on port [" + serverPort + "]");
-    }
-
-    private int getAvailablePort() {
-        int ret = 6906;
-        try {
-            ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(0);
-            ret = s.getLocalPort();
-            s.close();
-        } catch (final Exception e) {
-            Utils.logError("http", "get available port failed", e);
-        }
-        return ret;
-    }
 
     private void bootKernel() {
-        Mobile.setHttpServerPort(MainActivity.serverPort);
-        if (Mobile.isHttpServing()) {
-            Log.i("kernel", "Kernel HTTP server is running");
-            bootIndex();
-            return;
-        }
+        // Initialize KernelManager
+        final String appDir = assetManager.getAppDir();
+        final String workspaceBaseDir = getExternalFilesDir(null).getAbsolutePath();
+        kernelManager = new KernelManager(this, appDir, workspaceBaseDir,
+                                         webViewVer, userAgent, serverPort);
 
-        try {
-            new Thread(() -> {
-                if (Utils.isCnChannel(this.getPackageManager())) {
-                    // Apps in Chinese mainland app stores no longer provide AI access settings https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/issues/13051
-                    Mobile.disableFeature("ai");
-                }
+        // Start kernel
+        kernelManager.startKernel();
 
-                final String appDir = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath() + "/app";
-                final String workspaceBaseDir = getExternalFilesDir(null).getAbsolutePath();
-                final String timezone = TimeZone.getDefault().getID();
-                final String localIPs = Utils.getIPAddressList();
-                final String langCode = Utils.getLanguage();
-                Mobile.startKernel("android", appDir, workspaceBaseDir, timezone, localIPs, langCode,
-                        Build.VERSION.RELEASE +
-                                "/SDK " + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT +
-                                "/WebView " + webViewVer +
-                                "/Manufacturer " + android.os.Build.MANUFACTURER +
-                                "/Brand " + android.os.Build.BRAND +
-                                "/UA " + userAgent);
-            }).start();
-        } catch (final Exception e) {
-            Utils.logError("kernel", "boot kernel failed", e);
-            return;
+        // Check if already running
+        if (kernelManager.isKernelServing()) {
+            Log.i("kernel", "Kernel HTTP server is already running");
         }
 
         bootIndex();
@@ -546,7 +446,7 @@ private void keepLive() {
             try {
                 final Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, KeepLiveService.class);
                 ContextCompat.startForegroundService(this, intent);
-                sleep(45 * 1000);
+                sleep(AppConfig.KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION_MS);
                 stopService(intent);
             } catch (final Throwable t) {
                 Utils.logError("keeplive", "keep live failed", t);
@@ -575,47 +475,20 @@ private void bootIndex() {
      * 等待内核 HTTP 服务伺服。
      */
     private void waitFotKernelHttpServing() {
-        while (true) {
-            sleep(10);
-            if (Mobile.isHttpServing()) {
-                break;
-            }
+        if (kernelManager != null) {
+            kernelManager.waitForKernelReady();
         }
     }
 
     private void initAppearance() {
-        if (needUnzipAssets()) {
-            final String appDir = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath() + "/app";
-            final File appVerFile = new File(appDir, "VERSION");
-
-            setBootProgress("Clearing appearance...", 20);
-            try {
-                FileUtils.deleteDirectory(new File(appDir));
-            } catch (final Exception e) {
-                Utils.logError("boot", "delete dir [" + appDir + "] failed, exit application", e);
-                exit();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            setBootProgress("Initializing appearance...", 60);
-
-            try {
-                final String appZip = getCacheDir() + "/app.zip";
-                IOUtils.copy(getAssets().open("app.zip"), FileUtils.openOutputStream(new File(appZip)));
-                Utils.unzipAsset(appZip, appDir + "/app");
-            } catch (final Exception e) {
-                Utils.logError("boot", "unzip assets failed, exit application", e);
-                exit();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            try {
-                FileUtils.writeStringToFile(appVerFile, Utils.versionCode + "", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-            } catch (final Exception e) {
-                Utils.logError("boot", "write version failed", e);
-            }
+        assetManager = new AppAssetManager(this);
+        boolean success = assetManager.initializeIfNeeded((message, percent) -> {
+            setBootProgress(message, percent);
+        });
 
-            setBootProgress("Booting kernel...", 80);
+        if (!success) {
+            Utils.logError("boot", "Failed to initialize appearance assets, exit application", null);
+            exit();
         }
     }
 
@@ -640,7 +513,9 @@ public void onBackPressed() {
     }
 
     private void goBack() {
-        webView.evaluateJavascript("javascript:window.goBack ? window.goBack() : window.history.back()", null);
+        if (webViewManager != null) {
+            webViewManager.goBack();
+        }
     }
 
     // 用于保存拍照图片的 uri
@@ -648,7 +523,7 @@ private void goBack() {
 
     @Override
     public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
-        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA) {
+        if (requestCode == AppConfig.REQUEST_CAMERA) {
             if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                 openCamera();
                 return;
@@ -668,7 +543,7 @@ private void openCamera() {
             if (photoUri != null) {
                 captureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri);
                 captureIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
-                startActivityForResult(captureIntent, REQUEST_CAMERA);
+                startActivityForResult(captureIntent, AppConfig.REQUEST_CAMERA);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -680,7 +555,7 @@ protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent)
             return;
         }
 
-        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA) {
+        if (requestCode == AppConfig.REQUEST_CAMERA) {
             if (RESULT_OK != resultCode) {
                 uploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);
                 uploadMessage = null;
@@ -688,7 +563,7 @@ protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent)
             }
 
             uploadMessage.onReceiveValue(new Uri[]{mCameraUri});
-        } else if (requestCode == REQUEST_SELECT_FILE) {
+        } else if (requestCode == AppConfig.REQUEST_SELECT_FILE) {
             // 以下代码参考自 https://github.com/mgks/os-fileup/blob/master/app/src/main/java/mgks/os/fileup/MainActivity.java MIT license
 
             Uri[] results = null;
@@ -729,37 +604,21 @@ protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent)
         super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);
     }
 
-    private boolean needUnzipAssets() {
-        final String appDir = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath() + "/app";
-        final File appDirFile = new File(appDir);
-        appDirFile.mkdirs();
 
-        if (Utils.isDebugPackageAndMode(this)) {
-            Log.i("boot", "Always unzip assets in debug mode");
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        final File appVerFile = new File(appDir, "VERSION");
-        if (!appVerFile.exists()) {
-            return true;
+    @Override
+    protected void onPause() {
+        super.onPause();
+        if (webViewManager != null) {
+            webViewManager.pause();
         }
+    }
 
-        boolean ret = true;
-        try {
-            String ver = FileUtils.readFileToString(appVerFile, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(ver)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            ver = ver.trim();
-            try {
-                return Integer.parseInt(ver) != Utils.versionCode;
-            } catch (final NumberFormatException e) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        } catch (final Exception e) {
-            Utils.logError("boot", "check version failed", e);
+    @Override
+    protected void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        if (webViewManager != null) {
+            webViewManager.resume();
         }
-        return ret;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -771,15 +630,19 @@ protected void onDestroy() {
 
     @Override
     public void onForeground(Activity activity) {
-        startSyncData();
-        if (null != webView) {
-            webView.evaluateJavascript("javascript:window.reconnectWebSocket()", null);
+        if (syncManager != null) {
+            syncManager.startSync();
+        }
+        if (webViewManager != null) {
+            webViewManager.reconnectWebSocket();
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onBackground(Activity activity) {
-        startSyncData();
+        if (syncManager != null) {
+            syncManager.startSync();
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -794,7 +657,9 @@ public void exit() {
         finishAndRemoveTask();
 
         try {
-            Mobile.exit();
+            if (kernelManager != null) {
+                kernelManager.shutdown();
+            }
         } catch (Exception e) {
             Utils.logError("runtime", "exit kernel failed", e);
         }
@@ -821,22 +686,16 @@ private void release() {
         }
 
         try {
-            if (null != webView) {
-                runOnUiThread(() -> {
-                    ((ViewGroup) webView.getParent()).removeView(webView);
-                    webView.removeAllViews();
-                    webView.destroy();
-                    webView = null;
-                });
+            if (webViewManager != null) {
+                webViewManager.destroy();
             }
         } catch (final Exception e) {
             Utils.logError("runtime", "destroy webview failed", e);
         }
 
         try {
-            if (null != server) {
-                server.stop();
-                server = null;
+            if (null != httpServerManager) {
+                httpServerManager.stopServer();
             }
         } catch (final Exception e) {
             Utils.logError("runtime", "stop http server failed", e);
@@ -878,35 +737,4 @@ public void setWebViewDebuggable(final boolean debuggable) {
         WebView.setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(debuggable);
     }
 
-    private static boolean syncing;
-
-    public static void startSyncData() {
-        new Thread(MainActivity::syncData).start();
-    }
-
-    public static void syncData() {
-        try {
-            if (syncing) {
-                Log.i("sync", "Data is syncing...");
-                return;
-            }
-            syncing = true;
-
-            final AsyncHttpPost req = new com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:6806/api/sync/performSync");
-            req.setBody(new JSONObjectBody(new JSONObject().put("mobileSwitch", true)));
-            AsyncHttpClient.getDefaultInstance().executeJSONObject(req,
-                    new com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpClient.JSONObjectCallback() {
-                        @Override
-                        public void onCompleted(Exception e, com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpResponse source, JSONObject result) {
-                            if (null != e) {
-                                Utils.logError("sync", "data sync failed", e);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    });
-        } catch (final Throwable e) {
-            Utils.logError("sync", "data sync failed", e);
-        } finally {
-            syncing = false;
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/RedirectUriReceiverActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/RedirectUriReceiverActivity.java
similarity index 98%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/RedirectUriReceiverActivity.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/RedirectUriReceiverActivity.java
index 33b48d2b..8a2e09c0 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/RedirectUriReceiverActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/RedirectUriReceiverActivity.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.activity;
 
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.Uri;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/ShortcutActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/ShortcutActivity.java
similarity index 99%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/ShortcutActivity.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/ShortcutActivity.java
index aa077f3a..ababebd9 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/ShortcutActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/activity/ShortcutActivity.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.activity;
 
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 import com.zackratos.ultimatebarx.ultimatebarx.java.UltimateBarX;
 
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.R;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.List;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/JSAndroid.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/bridge/JSAndroid.java
similarity index 71%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/JSAndroid.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/bridge/JSAndroid.java
index da96a8bf..773127e4 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/JSAndroid.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/bridge/JSAndroid.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.bridge;
 
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.app.AlarmManager;
@@ -47,6 +47,14 @@
 import com.blankj.utilcode.util.StringUtils;
 import com.zackratos.ultimatebarx.ultimatebarx.java.UltimateBarX;
 
+import org.b3log.siyuan.BuildConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.R;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.activity.MainActivity;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.activity.ShortcutActivity;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.service.NotificationReceiver;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+
 import java.io.File;
 import java.net.URLDecoder;
 
@@ -61,32 +69,46 @@
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
 public final class JSAndroid {
-    private MainActivity activity;
+    private final java.lang.ref.WeakReference<MainActivity> activityRef;
 
     public JSAndroid(final MainActivity activity) {
-        this.activity = activity;
+        this.activityRef = new java.lang.ref.WeakReference<>(activity);
+    }
+
+    private MainActivity getActivity() {
+        return activityRef.get();
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void cancelNotification(final int id) {
-        final Intent intent = new Intent(this.activity, NotificationReceiver.class);
-        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this.activity, id, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_NO_CREATE | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(activity, NotificationReceiver.class);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(activity, id, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_NO_CREATE | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
         if (pendingIntent != null) {
-            final AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) this.activity.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+            final AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
             alarmManager.cancel(pendingIntent);
             pendingIntent.cancel();
         }
 
-        NotificationManagerCompat.from(this.activity).cancel(id);
+        NotificationManagerCompat.from(activity).cancel(id);
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public int sendNotification(final String channel, final String title, final String body, final int delayInSeconds) {
-        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this.activity, Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-            Utils.showToast(this.activity, "请允许通知权限以接收通知 / Please allow notification permission to receive notifications");
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            Utils.showToast(activity, "请允许通知权限以接收通知 / Please allow notification permission to receive notifications");
             final Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS);
-            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + this.activity.getPackageName()));
-            this.activity.startActivity(intent);
+            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + activity.getPackageName()));
+            activity.startActivity(intent);
             return -1;
         }
 
@@ -97,27 +119,27 @@ public int sendNotification(final String channel, final String title, final Stri
         final int ret = (int) System.currentTimeMillis();
 
         if (0 < delayInSeconds) {
-            final AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) this.activity.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+            final AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S && !alarmManager.canScheduleExactAlarms()) {
-                Utils.showToast(this.activity, "请允许精确闹钟权限以接收定时通知（同时需要允许自启动） / Please allow exact alarm permission to receive scheduled notifications (also need to allow auto-start)");
+                Utils.showToast(activity, "请允许精确闹钟权限以接收定时通知（同时需要允许自启动） / Please allow exact alarm permission to receive scheduled notifications (also need to allow auto-start)");
                 final Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_REQUEST_SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM);
-                intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + this.activity.getPackageName()));
-                this.activity.startActivity(intent);
+                intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + activity.getPackageName()));
+                activity.startActivity(intent);
                 return -1;
             }
 
-            final Intent intent = new Intent(this.activity, NotificationReceiver.class);
+            final Intent intent = new Intent(activity, NotificationReceiver.class);
             intent.putExtra("channel", channel);
             intent.putExtra("id", ret);
             intent.putExtra("title", title);
             intent.putExtra("body", body);
             final long triggerTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + (delayInSeconds * 1000L);
-            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this.activity, ret, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
-            AlarmManagerCompat.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle((AlarmManager) this.activity.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE), AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, triggerTime, pendingIntent);
+            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(activity, ret, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            AlarmManagerCompat.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle((AlarmManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE), AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, triggerTime, pendingIntent);
             return ret;
         }
 
-        final PendingIntent resultPendingIntent = NotificationReceiver.createNotificationPendingIntent(this.activity);
+        final PendingIntent resultPendingIntent = NotificationReceiver.createNotificationPendingIntent(activity);
         final NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(activity, channel)
                 .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon)
                 .setContentTitle(title)
@@ -125,43 +147,59 @@ public int sendNotification(final String channel, final String title, final Stri
                 .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_HIGH)
                 .setAutoCancel(true)
                 .setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent);
-        NotificationManagerCompat.from(this.activity).notify(ret, builder.build());
+        NotificationManagerCompat.from(activity).notify(ret, builder.build());
         return ret;
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void exit() {
-        this.activity.exit();
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            activity.exit();
+        }
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void hideKeyboard() {
-        activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
-            final WebView webView = activity.findViewById(R.id.webView);
-            Utils.hideKeyboardAndToolbar(webView);
-            KeyboardUtils.hideSoftInput(activity);
-        });
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
+                final WebView webView = activity.findViewById(R.id.webView);
+                Utils.hideKeyboardAndToolbar(webView);
+                KeyboardUtils.hideSoftInput(activity);
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void showKeyboard() {
-        activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
-            final WebView webView = activity.findViewById(R.id.webView);
-            Utils.showKeyboardAndToolbar(webView);
-            KeyboardUtils.showSoftInput(activity);
-        });
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
+                final WebView webView = activity.findViewById(R.id.webView);
+                Utils.showKeyboardAndToolbar(webView);
+                KeyboardUtils.showSoftInput(activity);
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void setWebViewFocusable(final boolean focusable) {
-        activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
-            final WebView webView = activity.findViewById(R.id.webView);
-            Utils.setWebViewFocusable(webView, focusable);
-        });
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
+                final WebView webView = activity.findViewById(R.id.webView);
+                Utils.setWebViewFocusable(webView, focusable);
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public String getBlockURL() {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
         String blockURL = activity.getIntent().getStringExtra("blockURL");
         if (StringUtils.isEmpty(blockURL)) {
             blockURL = "";
@@ -171,11 +209,19 @@ public String getBlockURL() {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void setWebViewDebuggingEnabled(final boolean debuggable) {
-        activity.setWebViewDebuggable(debuggable);
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            activity.setWebViewDebuggable(debuggable);
+        }
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public String readClipboard() {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final ClipData clipData = clipboard.getPrimaryClip();
         if (null == clipData) {
@@ -210,6 +256,10 @@ public String readClipboard() {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public String readHTMLClipboard() {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final ClipData clipData = clipboard.getPrimaryClip();
         if (null == clipData) {
@@ -226,6 +276,10 @@ public String readHTMLClipboard() {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public String readSiYuanHTMLClipboard() {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final ClipData clipData = clipboard.getPrimaryClip();
         if (null == clipData) {
@@ -244,6 +298,10 @@ public String readSiYuanHTMLClipboard() {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void writeImageClipboard(final String uri) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final ClipData clip = ClipData.newUri(activity.getContentResolver(), "Copied img from SiYuan", Uri.parse("http://127.0.0.1:6806/" + uri));
         clipboard.setPrimaryClip(clip);
@@ -251,6 +309,10 @@ public void writeImageClipboard(final String uri) {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void writeClipboard(final String content) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final ClipData clip = ClipData.newPlainText("Copied text from SiYuan", content);
         clipboard.setPrimaryClip(clip);
@@ -258,6 +320,10 @@ public void writeClipboard(final String content) {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void writeHTMLClipboard(final String text, final String html) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final ClipData clip = ClipData.newHtmlText("Copied html from SiYuan", text, html);
         clipboard.setPrimaryClip(clip);
@@ -265,6 +331,10 @@ public void writeHTMLClipboard(final String text, final String html) {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void writeSiYuanHTMLClipboard(final String text, final String html, final String siyuanHTML) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         final ClipboardManager clipboard = (ClipboardManager) activity.getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
         final String[] mimeTypes = new String[]{ClipDescription.MIMETYPE_TEXT_PLAIN, ClipDescription.MIMETYPE_TEXT_HTML, "text/siyuan"};
         final ClipData.Item standardItem = new ClipData.Item(text, html, null, null);
@@ -276,6 +346,10 @@ public void writeSiYuanHTMLClipboard(final String text, final String html, final
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void returnDesktop() {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
         intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
         intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
@@ -284,11 +358,18 @@ public void returnDesktop() {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void exportByDefault(String url) {
-        Utils.openByDefaultBrowser(url, activity);
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            Utils.openByDefaultBrowser(url, activity);
+        }
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void print(final String title, final String html) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         final String filename = title + ".pdf";
         try {
             Utils.print(html, filename, activity);
@@ -299,11 +380,20 @@ public void print(final String title, final String html) {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public int getScreenWidthPx() {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         return activity.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels;
     }
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void openExternal(String url) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!url.startsWith("assets/")) {
             Utils.openByDefaultBrowser(url, activity);
             return;
@@ -346,6 +436,11 @@ public void openExternal(String url) {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void openAuthURL(final String url) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (StringUtils.isEmpty(url) || url.startsWith("#")) {
             Utils.logError("JSAndroid", "openAuthURL failed: invalid url");
             return;
@@ -363,6 +458,11 @@ public void openAuthURL(final String url) {
 
     @JavascriptInterface
     public void changeStatusBarColor(final String color, final int appearanceMode) {
+        final MainActivity activity = getActivity();
+        if (activity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (Utils.isTablet(activity)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -400,7 +500,7 @@ private int parseColor(String str) {
             return Color.parseColor(str);
         } catch (final Exception e) {
             Utils.logError("js", "parse color [" + str + "] failed", e);
-            return Color.parseColor("#212224");
+            return Color.parseColor(AppConfig.DEFAULT_FALLBACK_COLOR);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/config/AppConfig.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/config/AppConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a5760a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/config/AppConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan.config;
+
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+
+/**
+ * Application configuration constants.
+ * 应用配置常量
+ *
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Mar 6, 2026
+ */
+public final class AppConfig {
+
+    // Network / 网络配置
+    public static final int KERNEL_PORT = 6806;
+    public static final int DEFAULT_ASYNC_SERVER_PORT = 6906;
+    public static final String KERNEL_BASE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:" + KERNEL_PORT;
+    public static final String KERNEL_BOOT_URL = KERNEL_BASE_URL + "/appearance/boot/index.html?v=" + Utils.version;
+
+    // Timeouts / 超时配置
+    public static final long KERNEL_BOOT_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 10;
+    public static final long KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION_MS = 45 * 1000;
+
+    // Paths / 路径配置
+    public static final String APP_ZIP = "app.zip";
+    public static final String APP_DIR = "/app";
+    public static final String APP_VERSION_FILE = "VERSION";
+    public static final String DATA_ASSETS_DIR = "data/assets";
+
+    // Colors / 颜色配置
+    public static final String DEFAULT_DARK_COLOR = "#1e1e1e";
+    public static final String DEFAULT_STATUS_BAR_COLOR = "#1e1e1e";
+    public static final String DEFAULT_FALLBACK_COLOR = "#212224";
+
+    // Request codes / 请求代码
+    public static final int REQUEST_SELECT_FILE = 100;
+    public static final int REQUEST_CAMERA = 101;
+
+    // WebView / WebView 配置
+    public static final int MIN_WEBVIEW_VERSION = 95;
+    public static final int WEBVIEW_TEXT_ZOOM = 100;
+    public static final String USER_AGENT_PREFIX = "SiYuan/";
+    public static final String USER_AGENT_SUFFIX = " https://b3log.org/siyuan Android ";
+
+    // API endpoints / API 端点
+    public static final String API_WALK_DIR = "/api/walkDir";
+    public static final String API_SYNC_PERFORM = KERNEL_BASE_URL + "/api/sync/performSync";
+
+    // JavaScript bridge / JavaScript 桥接
+    public static final String JS_INTERFACE_NAME = "JSAndroid";
+
+    // Feature flags / 功能标志
+    public static final String FEATURE_AI = "ai";
+
+    private AppConfig() {
+        // Prevent instantiation / 防止实例化
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/AppAssetManager.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/AppAssetManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0cd4000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/AppAssetManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan.manager;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.blankj.utilcode.util.StringUtils;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+/**
+ * Application asset manager for extracting and managing app.zip.
+ * 应用资源管理器，用于解压和管理 app.zip
+ *
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Mar 6, 2026
+ */
+public class AppAssetManager {
+
+    /**
+     * Progress callback interface.
+     * 进度回调接口
+     */
+    public interface ProgressCallback {
+        void onProgress(String message, int percent);
+    }
+
+    private final Context context;
+    private final String appDir;
+    private final File appDirFile;
+    private final File appVersionFile;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param context Application context
+     */
+    public AppAssetManager(Context context) {
+        this.context = context;
+        this.appDir = context.getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath() + AppConfig.APP_DIR;
+        this.appDirFile = new File(appDir);
+        this.appVersionFile = new File(appDir, AppConfig.APP_VERSION_FILE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize appearance assets if needed.
+     * 如果需要则初始化外观资源
+     *
+     * @param callback Progress callback
+     * @return true if initialization was successful
+     */
+    public boolean initializeIfNeeded(ProgressCallback callback) {
+        if (!needsExtraction()) {
+            Log.i("asset", "App assets are up to date, skipping extraction");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return extractAssets(callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if asset extraction is needed.
+     * 检查是否需要解压资源
+     *
+     * @return true if extraction is needed
+     */
+    private boolean needsExtraction() {
+        // Ensure directory exists
+        appDirFile.mkdirs();
+
+        // Always extract in debug mode
+        if (Utils.isDebugPackageAndMode(context)) {
+            Log.i("asset", "Debug mode: always extract assets");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Check if version file exists
+        if (!appVersionFile.exists()) {
+            Log.i("asset", "Version file not found, extraction needed");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Check version
+        try {
+            String storedVersion = FileUtils.readFileToString(appVersionFile, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(storedVersion)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            storedVersion = storedVersion.trim();
+            try {
+                int storedVersionCode = Integer.parseInt(storedVersion);
+                boolean needsUpdate = storedVersionCode != Utils.versionCode;
+                if (needsUpdate) {
+                    Log.i("asset", "Version mismatch: stored=" + storedVersionCode +
+                            ", current=" + Utils.versionCode);
+                }
+                return needsUpdate;
+            } catch (final NumberFormatException e) {
+                Log.w("asset", "Invalid version format: " + storedVersion);
+                return true;
+            }
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            Utils.logError("asset", "Failed to check version", e);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract app assets.
+     * 解压应用资源
+     *
+     * @param callback Progress callback
+     * @return true if extraction was successful
+     */
+    private boolean extractAssets(ProgressCallback callback) {
+        try {
+            // Clear existing directory
+            callback.onProgress("Clearing appearance...", 20);
+            if (appDirFile.exists()) {
+                FileUtils.deleteDirectory(appDirFile);
+                Log.i("asset", "Deleted existing app directory");
+            }
+
+            // Extract assets
+            callback.onProgress("Initializing appearance...", 60);
+            final String appZipPath = context.getCacheDir() + "/app.zip";
+            IOUtils.copy(context.getAssets().open(AppConfig.APP_ZIP),
+                        FileUtils.openOutputStream(new File(appZipPath)));
+            Utils.unzipAsset(appZipPath, appDir + AppConfig.APP_DIR);
+            Log.i("asset", "Extracted app.zip to: " + appDir + AppConfig.APP_DIR);
+
+            // Write version file
+            FileUtils.writeStringToFile(appVersionFile, String.valueOf(Utils.versionCode),
+                    StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            Log.i("asset", "Wrote version file: " + Utils.versionCode);
+
+            callback.onProgress("Booting kernel...", 80);
+            return true;
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            Utils.logError("asset", "Failed to extract assets", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the app directory path.
+     * 获取应用目录路径
+     *
+     * @return App directory absolute path
+     */
+    public String getAppDir() {
+        return appDir;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/HttpServerManager.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/HttpServerManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d52a795a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/HttpServerManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan.manager;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+
+import com.koushikdutta.async.AsyncServer;
+import com.koushikdutta.async.http.server.AsyncHttpServer;
+import com.koushikdutta.async.util.Charsets;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.DirectoryFileFilter;
+import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.TrueFileFilter;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+
+/**
+ * HTTP server manager for custom Android API endpoints.
+ * HTTP 服务器管理器，用于自定义 Android API 端点
+ *
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Mar 6, 2026
+ */
+public class HttpServerManager {
+
+    private AsyncHttpServer server;
+    private int serverPort;
+    private final Context context;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param context Application context
+     */
+    public HttpServerManager(Context context) {
+        this.context = context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start the HTTP server.
+     * 启动 HTTP 服务器
+     *
+     * @return The port number the server is listening on
+     */
+    public int startServer() {
+        if (server != null) {
+            stopServer();
+        }
+
+        // Fix charset encoding issue
+        // 修复字符编码问题
+        fixCharsetEncoding();
+
+        server = new AsyncHttpServer();
+        setupEndpoints();
+
+        serverPort = getAvailablePort();
+        final AsyncServer asyncServer = AsyncServer.getDefault();
+
+        if (Utils.isDebugPackageAndMode(context)) {
+            // Bind to all interfaces in debug mode for remote debugging
+            // 调试模式下绑定所有网卡以便远程调试
+            asyncServer.listen(null, serverPort, server.getListenCallback());
+        } else {
+            // Bind to loopback address in production to prevent remote access
+            // 生产环境绑定回环地址以防止远程访问
+            asyncServer.listen(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), serverPort, server.getListenCallback());
+        }
+
+        Utils.logInfo("http", "HTTP server is listening on port [" + serverPort + "]");
+        return serverPort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Setup API endpoints.
+     * 设置 API 端点
+     */
+    private void setupEndpoints() {
+        // Walk directory API endpoint
+        server.post(AppConfig.API_WALK_DIR, (request, response) -> {
+            try {
+                final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                final JSONObject requestJSON = (JSONObject) request.getBody().get();
+                final String dir = requestJSON.optString("dir");
+
+                final JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
+                final JSONArray files = new JSONArray();
+
+                FileUtils.listFilesAndDirs(new File(dir), TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE, DirectoryFileFilter.DIRECTORY)
+                        .forEach(file -> {
+                            try {
+                                final JSONObject info = new JSONObject();
+                                info.put("path", file.getAbsolutePath());
+                                info.put("name", file.getName());
+                                info.put("size", file.length());
+                                info.put("updated", file.lastModified());
+                                info.put("isDir", file.isDirectory());
+                                files.put(info);
+                            } catch (final Exception e) {
+                                Utils.logError("http", "Failed to process file: " + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                data.put("files", files);
+                final JSONObject responseJSON = new JSONObject()
+                        .put("code", 0)
+                        .put("msg", "")
+                        .put("data", data);
+
+                response.send(responseJSON);
+                Utils.logInfo("http", "Walk dir [" + dir + "] in [" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "] ms");
+            } catch (final Exception e) {
+                Utils.logError("http", "Walk dir failed", e);
+                try {
+                    response.send(new JSONObject()
+                            .put("code", -1)
+                            .put("msg", e.getMessage()));
+                } catch (final Exception e2) {
+                    Utils.logError("http", "Failed to send error response", e2);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fix charset encoding issue in AndroidAsync library.
+     * 修复 AndroidAsync 库的字符编码问题
+     * <p>
+     * Reference: https://github.com/koush/AndroidAsync/issues/656#issuecomment-523325452
+     */
+    private void fixCharsetEncoding() {
+        try {
+            final Class<Charsets> charsetClass = Charsets.class;
+            Field usAscii = charsetClass.getDeclaredField("US_ASCII");
+            usAscii.setAccessible(true);
+            usAscii.set(Charsets.class, Charsets.UTF_8);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            Utils.logError("http", "Failed to initialize charset", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an available port for the HTTP server.
+     * 获取可用的端口号
+     *
+     * @return Available port number
+     */
+    private int getAvailablePort() {
+        int port = AppConfig.DEFAULT_ASYNC_SERVER_PORT;
+        try (ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(0)) {
+            port = s.getLocalPort();
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            Utils.logError("http", "Failed to get available port, using default: " + port, e);
+        }
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the HTTP server.
+     * 停止 HTTP 服务器
+     */
+    public void stopServer() {
+        if (server != null) {
+            try {
+                server.stop();
+                Utils.logInfo("http", "HTTP server stopped");
+            } catch (final Exception e) {
+                Utils.logError("http", "Failed to stop HTTP server", e);
+            } finally {
+                server = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the server port.
+     * 获取服务器端口
+     *
+     * @return Server port number
+     */
+    public int getServerPort() {
+        return serverPort;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/KernelManager.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/KernelManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc47463c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/KernelManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan.manager;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import mobile.Mobile;
+
+/**
+ * Kernel lifecycle manager.
+ * 内核生命周期管理器
+ *
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Mar 6, 2026
+ */
+public class KernelManager {
+
+    private final Context context;
+    private final String appDir;
+    private final String workspaceBaseDir;
+    private final String webViewVer;
+    private final String userAgent;
+    private final int serverPort;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param context          Application context
+     * @param appDir           Application directory path
+     * @param workspaceBaseDir Workspace base directory path
+     * @param webViewVer       WebView version string
+     * @param userAgent        User agent string
+     * @param serverPort       HTTP server port
+     */
+    public KernelManager(Context context, String appDir, String workspaceBaseDir,
+                         String webViewVer, String userAgent, int serverPort) {
+        this.context = context;
+        this.appDir = appDir;
+        this.workspaceBaseDir = workspaceBaseDir;
+        this.webViewVer = webViewVer;
+        this.userAgent = userAgent;
+        this.serverPort = serverPort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start the SiYuan kernel.
+     * 启动思源内核
+     */
+    public void startKernel() {
+        Mobile.setHttpServerPort(serverPort);
+
+        if (Mobile.isHttpServing()) {
+            Log.i("kernel", "Kernel HTTP server is already running");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    // Disable AI feature for Chinese mainland channels
+                    // 为中国大陆渠道禁用 AI 功能
+                    if (Utils.isCnChannel(context.getPackageManager())) {
+                        Mobile.disableFeature(AppConfig.FEATURE_AI);
+                    }
+
+                    final String timezone = TimeZone.getDefault().getID();
+                    final String localIPs = Utils.getIPAddressList();
+                    final String langCode = Utils.getLanguage();
+
+                    final String containerInfo = Build.VERSION.RELEASE +
+                            "/SDK " + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT +
+                            "/WebView " + webViewVer +
+                            "/Manufacturer " + android.os.Build.MANUFACTURER +
+                            "/Brand " + android.os.Build.BRAND +
+                            "/UA " + userAgent;
+
+                    Mobile.startKernel("android", appDir, workspaceBaseDir,
+                            timezone, localIPs, langCode, containerInfo);
+
+                    Log.i("kernel", "Kernel started successfully");
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    Utils.logError("kernel", "Failed to start kernel", e);
+                }
+            }, "KernelBootThread").start();
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            Utils.logError("kernel", "Failed to create kernel boot thread", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wait for kernel HTTP server to be ready.
+     * 等待内核 HTTP 服务就绪
+     */
+    public void waitForKernelReady() {
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(AppConfig.KERNEL_BOOT_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+            } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+                Utils.logError("kernel", "Kernel ready check interrupted", e);
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (Mobile.isHttpServing()) {
+                Log.i("kernel", "Kernel HTTP server is ready");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if kernel HTTP server is running.
+     * 检查内核 HTTP 服务是否正在运行
+     *
+     * @return true if kernel is serving HTTP requests
+     */
+    public boolean isKernelServing() {
+        return Mobile.isHttpServing();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shutdown the kernel.
+     * 关闭内核
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        try {
+            Mobile.exit();
+            Log.i("kernel", "Kernel shutdown successfully");
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            Utils.logError("kernel", "Failed to shutdown kernel", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/SyncManager.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/SyncManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..902ad5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/SyncManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan.manager;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpClient;
+import com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpPost;
+import com.koushikdutta.async.http.body.JSONObjectBody;
+
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+/**
+ * Data synchronization manager.
+ * 数据同步管理器
+ *
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Mar 6, 2026
+ */
+public class SyncManager {
+
+    private final AtomicBoolean syncing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+    /**
+     * Start data synchronization asynchronously.
+     * 异步启动数据同步
+     */
+    public void startSync() {
+        new Thread(this::performSync, "DataSyncThread").start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform data synchronization.
+     * 执行数据同步
+     * <p>
+     * This method is thread-safe and will skip if sync is already in progress.
+     * 此方法是线程安全的，如果同步正在进行中则跳过。
+     */
+    public void performSync() {
+        if (!syncing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            Log.i("sync", "Data sync already in progress, skipping");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            final AsyncHttpPost req = new AsyncHttpPost(AppConfig.API_SYNC_PERFORM);
+            req.setBody(new JSONObjectBody(new JSONObject().put("mobileSwitch", true)));
+
+            AsyncHttpClient.getDefaultInstance().executeJSONObject(req,
+                    new AsyncHttpClient.JSONObjectCallback() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onCompleted(Exception e, com.koushikdutta.async.http.AsyncHttpResponse source, JSONObject result) {
+                            if (null != e) {
+                                Utils.logError("sync", "Data sync failed", e);
+                            } else {
+                                Log.i("sync", "Data sync completed successfully");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+        } catch (final Throwable e) {
+            Utils.logError("sync", "Data sync failed with exception", e);
+        } finally {
+            syncing.set(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if synchronization is in progress.
+     * 检查同步是否正在进行
+     *
+     * @return true if sync is in progress
+     */
+    public boolean isSyncing() {
+        return syncing.get();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/WebViewManager.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/WebViewManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e05cea23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/manager/WebViewManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+ * SiYuan - 源于思考,饮水思源
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-present, b3log.org
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.b3log.siyuan.manager;
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.view.View;
+import android.view.ViewGroup;
+import android.webkit.CookieManager;
+import android.webkit.WebSettings;
+import android.webkit.WebView;
+
+import org.b3log.siyuan.bridge.JSAndroid;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.config.AppConfig;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+
+/**
+ * WebView lifecycle and configuration manager.
+ * WebView 生命周期和配置管理器
+ *
+ * @version 1.0.0.0, Mar 6, 2026
+ */
+public class WebViewManager {
+
+    private final WeakReference<Activity> activityRef;
+    private WebView webView;
+    private String userAgent;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param activity Parent activity
+     * @param webView  WebView instance
+     */
+    public WebViewManager(Activity activity, WebView webView) {
+        this.activityRef = new WeakReference<>(activity);
+        this.webView = webView;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize WebView with basic settings.
+     * 使用基本设置初始化 WebView
+     *
+     * @return User agent string
+     */
+    @SuppressLint("SetJavaScriptEnabled")
+    public String initialize() {
+        if (webView == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final WebSettings ws = webView.getSettings();
+
+        // Store original user agent
+        userAgent = ws.getUserAgentString();
+        Log.i("webview", "User agent: " + userAgent);
+
+        // Configure basic settings
+        ws.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
+        ws.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
+        ws.setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_NO_CACHE);
+        ws.setMixedContentMode(WebSettings.MIXED_CONTENT_ALWAYS_ALLOW);
+        ws.setTextZoom(AppConfig.WEBVIEW_TEXT_ZOOM);
+        ws.setUseWideViewPort(true);
+        ws.setLoadWithOverviewMode(true);
+
+        // Set custom user agent
+        ws.setUserAgentString(AppConfig.USER_AGENT_PREFIX + Utils.version +
+                AppConfig.USER_AGENT_SUFFIX + userAgent);
+
+        // Enable third-party cookies
+        CookieManager.getInstance().setAcceptThirdPartyCookies(webView, true);
+
+        Log.i("webview", "WebView initialized successfully");
+        return userAgent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register JavaScript interface.
+     * 注册 JavaScript 接口
+     *
+     * @param jsAndroid JSAndroid instance
+     */
+    public void registerJavaScriptInterface(JSAndroid jsAndroid) {
+        if (webView != null) {
+            webView.addJavascriptInterface(jsAndroid, AppConfig.JS_INTERFACE_NAME);
+            Log.i("webview", "JavaScript interface registered");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load the boot URL.
+     * 加载启动 URL
+     */
+    public void loadBootUrl() {
+        if (webView != null) {
+            webView.loadUrl(AppConfig.KERNEL_BOOT_URL);
+            webView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
+            Log.i("webview", "Loading boot URL: " + AppConfig.KERNEL_BOOT_URL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate JavaScript code.
+     * 执行 JavaScript 代码
+     *
+     * @param script JavaScript code
+     */
+    public void evaluateJavaScript(String script) {
+        if (webView != null) {
+            webView.evaluateJavascript(script, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute back navigation.
+     * 执行返回导航
+     */
+    public void goBack() {
+        evaluateJavaScript("javascript:window.goBack ? window.goBack() : window.history.back()");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open a block by URL.
+     * 通过 URL 打开块
+     *
+     * @param blockURL Block URL
+     */
+    public void openBlockByURL(String blockURL) {
+        if (blockURL != null && webView != null) {
+            final Activity activity = activityRef.get();
+            if (activity != null) {
+                activity.runOnUiThread(() ->
+                    evaluateJavaScript("javascript:window.openFileByURL('" +
+                        blockURL.replace("'", "\\'") + "')"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle OIDC callback link.
+     * 处理 OIDC 回调链接
+     *
+     * @param callbackUrl OIDC callback URL
+     */
+    public void handleOidcCallback(String callbackUrl) {
+        if (callbackUrl != null && webView != null) {
+            final Activity activity = activityRef.get();
+            if (activity != null) {
+                activity.runOnUiThread(() ->
+                    evaluateJavaScript("javascript:window.handleOidcCallbackLink('" +
+                        callbackUrl.replace("'", "\\'") + "')"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reconnect WebSocket.
+     * 重新连接 WebSocket
+     */
+    public void reconnectWebSocket() {
+        evaluateJavaScript("javascript:window.reconnectWebSocket()");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pause WebView.
+     * 暂停 WebView
+     */
+    public void pause() {
+        if (webView != null) {
+            webView.onPause();
+            webView.pauseTimers();
+            Log.i("webview", "WebView paused");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resume WebView.
+     * 恢复 WebView
+     */
+    public void resume() {
+        if (webView != null) {
+            webView.onResume();
+            webView.resumeTimers();
+            Log.i("webview", "WebView resumed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clean up and destroy WebView.
+     * 清理并销毁 WebView
+     */
+    public void destroy() {
+        if (webView == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Activity activity = activityRef.get();
+        if (activity != null) {
+            activity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    ((ViewGroup) webView.getParent()).removeView(webView);
+                    webView.removeAllViews();
+                    webView.destroy();
+                    webView = null;
+                    Log.i("webview", "WebView destroyed");
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    Utils.logError("webview", "Failed to destroy WebView", e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the WebView instance.
+     * 获取 WebView 实例
+     *
+     * @return WebView instance
+     */
+    public WebView getWebView() {
+        return webView;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the user agent string.
+     * 获取用户代理字符串
+     *
+     * @return User agent
+     */
+    public String getUserAgent() {
+        return userAgent;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/KeepLiveService.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/service/KeepLiveService.java
similarity index 98%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/KeepLiveService.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/service/KeepLiveService.java
index 4455fa2f..dc411a8d 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/KeepLiveService.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/service/KeepLiveService.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.service;
 
 import android.app.Notification;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;
 
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.R;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/NotificationReceiver.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/service/NotificationReceiver.java
similarity index 92%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/NotificationReceiver.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/service/NotificationReceiver.java
index da3e28e3..132e8e42 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/NotificationReceiver.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/service/NotificationReceiver.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.service;
 
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.app.Notification;
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@
 import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;
 import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat;
 
+import org.b3log.siyuan.R;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.activity.MainActivity;
+import org.b3log.siyuan.util.Utils;
+
 /**
  * 通知接收器.
  *
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
         NotificationManagerCompat.from(context).notify(id, builder.build());
     }
 
-    static boolean createNotificationChannel(final Context context, final String channel) {
+    public static boolean createNotificationChannel(final Context context, final String channel) {
         final NotificationChannel chan = new NotificationChannel(channel, channel, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
         chan.setLockscreenVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE);
         final NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ static boolean createNotificationChannel(final Context context, final String cha
         return true;
     }
 
-    static PendingIntent createNotificationPendingIntent(final Context context) {
+    public static PendingIntent createNotificationPendingIntent(final Context context) {
         final Intent resultIntent = new Intent(context, MainActivity.class).
                 setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN).setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
         PendingIntent resultPendingIntent;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/AndroidBug5497Workaround.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/util/AndroidBug5497Workaround.java
similarity index 99%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/AndroidBug5497Workaround.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/util/AndroidBug5497Workaround.java
index 1c4825b4..76926fbf 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/AndroidBug5497Workaround.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/util/AndroidBug5497Workaround.java
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.util;
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.app.Activity;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/Utils.java b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/util/Utils.java
similarity index 99%
rename from app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/Utils.java
rename to app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/util/Utils.java
index 1ccabac5..fc35aa01 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/Utils.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/org/b3log/siyuan/util/Utils.java
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
-package org.b3log.siyuan;
+package org.b3log.siyuan.util;
+
+import org.b3log.siyuan.BuildConfig;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.Context;