Add prepared statements

Author: lukekim

website/docs/reference/sql/explain.md

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website/docs/reference/sql/prepared_statements.md

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+---
+title: 'Prepared Statements'
+sidebar_label: 'Prepared Statements'
+pagination_prev: 'reference/sql/subqueries'
+pagination_next: 'reference/sql/explain'
+sidebar_position: 4
+---
+
+## Inferred Types
+
+When a parameter type is not explicitly specified in a prepared statement, the type is inferred at execution time based on the provided argument. This approach helps simplify statement definitions and supports flexible query execution.
+
+**SQL Example**
+
+To create a prepared statement named `greater_than` that infers the type of its parameter:
+
+```sql
+PREPARE greater_than AS SELECT * FROM example WHERE a > $1;
+```
+
+To execute the prepared statement with an integer argument:
+
+```sql
+EXECUTE greater_than(20);
+```
+
+**Python Example**
+
+```python
+import adbc_driver_flightsql.dbapi
+
+with adbc_driver_flightsql.dbapi.connect("grpc://localhost:50051") as conn:
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.execute("PREPARE greater_than AS SELECT * FROM example WHERE a > $1;")
+        cur.execute("EXECUTE greater_than(?)", (20,))
+        result = cur.fetchall()
+        print(result)
+```
+
+## Positional Arguments
+
+Prepared statements can use positional arguments to support multiple parameters. Each parameter is referenced by its position in the statement.
+
+**SQL Example**
+
+To create a prepared statement named `greater_than` with two parameters:
+
+```sql
+PREPARE greater_than(INT, DOUBLE) AS SELECT * FROM example WHERE a > $1 AND b > $2;
+```
+
+To execute the prepared statement with integer and double arguments:
+
+```sql
+EXECUTE greater_than(20, 23.3);
+```
+
+**Python Example**
+
+```python
+import adbc_driver_flightsql.dbapi
+
+with adbc_driver_flightsql.dbapi.connect("grpc://localhost:50051") as conn:
+    with conn.cursor() as cur:
+        cur.execute("PREPARE greater_than(INT, DOUBLE) AS SELECT * FROM example WHERE a > $1 AND b > $2;")
+        cur.execute("EXECUTE greater_than(?, ?)", (20, 23.3))
+        result = cur.fetchall()
+        print(result)
+```