Add Case-When Expression and tests (#12)

* fix: Ensure CastExpr/CastColumnExpr/ScalarFunctionExpr check children in can_be_pushed_down

The can_be_pushed_down function was returning true for CastExpr and CastColumnExpr
without checking if their child expressions are convertible. This caused runtime
errors when the child contained expressions like CaseExpr that convert() cannot
handle.

Also fixed ScalarFunctionExpr to recursively check its arguments.

Fixes spiceai/spiceai#9037

* Add Case-When Expression and tests

* Implement execute()

* Add additional tests and fix type issue

* Fix toml lint

* feat(case_when): implement lazy evaluation to avoid side effects in unevaluated branches

This implements proper lazy evaluation in CaseWhen expression to ensure
that THEN/ELSE branches are only evaluated for rows where they apply.
This is critical for correctness when expressions have side effects like
divide-by-zero panics.

The implementation:
1. Evaluates conditions in order, tracking which rows have been matched
2. For each condition, computes an effective mask (condition AND NOT matched)
3. Uses filter() to create a scoped array with only matching rows
4. Evaluates THEN expression only on the filtered scope
5. Uses scatter_with_mask() to expand results back to original positions
6. Short-circuits when all rows are matched or all conditions fail

This fixes TPC-DS Q73 which has a pattern like:
  CASE WHEN hd_vehicle_count > 0
       THEN hd_dep_count/hd_vehicle_count
       ELSE NULL END

Previously, the division would be evaluated for all rows including those
where hd_vehicle_count=0, causing a divide-by-zero panic. Now the division
is only evaluated for rows where the condition is true.

Added test: test_evaluate_divide_by_zero_protected_by_case_when

* Formatting

Author: lukekim

vortex-io/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ parking_lot = { workspace = true }
 pin-project-lite = { workspace = true }
 # this is the maximum subset of fetaures that is safe for wasm32 targets
 handle = "1.0.2"
+log = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["io-util", "rt", "sync"] }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 vortex-array = { workspace = true }
 vortex-buffer = { workspace = true }
-log = { workspace = true }
 vortex-error = { workspace = true }
 vortex-metrics = { workspace = true }
 vortex-session = { workspace = true }

vortex-session/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,20 @@
 
 pub mod registry;
 
-use std::any::{Any, TypeId, type_name};
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::any::TypeId;
+use std::any::type_name;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::hash::{BuildHasherDefault, Hasher};
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::hash::BuildHasherDefault;
+use std::hash::Hasher;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::ops::DerefMut;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use dashmap::{DashMap, Entry};
-use vortex_error::{VortexExpect, vortex_panic};
+use dashmap::DashMap;
+use dashmap::Entry;
+use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
+use vortex_error::vortex_panic;
 
 /// A Vortex session encapsulates the set of extensible arrays, layouts, compute functions, dtypes,
 /// etc. that are available for use in a given context.