These sources indicate that around [fraction] of [metric] is [connector] to [topic] every year.
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A paper from Frances Moore and Delavane Diaz published in Nature Climate Change argues that "each temperature shock has a persistent effect that permanently lowers GDP below what it would otherwise be." They present a paper suggesting that:
- In a "business as usual" scenario, average annual growth rate in poor regions is cut from 3.2% to 2.6%, which means that by 2100 per-capita GDP is 40% below reference.
- Widely used DICE models do not adequately account for the ongoing cost of climate change.
- The social cost of carbon should be estimated in the context of these ongoing costs.
The IEA puts the present cost of climate change at 1.3% of global economic output