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docs/learn/README.md

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---
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description: 'Stacks: The leading Bitcoin L2.'
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layout:
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width: default
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title:

docs/learn/SUMMARY.md

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* [Contracts](bridging/usdcx/contracts/README.md)
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* [usdcx-v1](bridging/usdcx/contracts/usdcx-v1.md)
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* [usdcx-token](bridging/usdcx/contracts/usdcx-token.md)
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* [Bridge App](bridging/usdcx/bridge-app/README.md)
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* [USDCx Bridge App](bridging/usdcx/bridge-app/README.md)
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* [Migrating aeUSDC](bridging/usdcx/bridge-app/migrating-aeusdc.md)
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* [Security](bridging/usdcx/security.md)
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* [FAQ](bridging/usdcx/faq.md)

docs/learn/bridging/README.md

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description: Exploring the plethora of ways to bridge assets to and from Stacks
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hidden: true
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---
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# Bridging
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<div data-with-frame="true"><figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/bridging-cover.jpg" alt=""><figcaption><p>source: <a href="https://www.hiro.so/blog/understanding-blockchain-bridges-a-key-to-interoperability-in-web3">Hiro Blog</a></p></figcaption></figure></div>
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A blockchain bridge is a protocol or mechanism that serves as a connection between different blockchains, allowing for the transfer of tokens and data between them. Bridges enable the seamless transfer of data and assets between disparate blockchain networks. They break down the silos of individual blockchains and unlock the full potential of a permissionless, borderless Web3.
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#### Explore the different bridges available with Stacks
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<table data-card-size="large" data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><h4>USDCx</h4></td><td>Learn how USDC can flow to and from the bitcoin layer 2.</td><td><a href="usdcx/">usdcx</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

docs/learn/bridging/usdcx/README.md

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---
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description: >-
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USDCx is a 1:1 USDC-backed stablecoin issued through Circle xReserve and
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native to Stacks.
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---
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# USDCx
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/stacks-circle.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<div data-with-frame="true"><figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/stacks-circle.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>
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{% hint style="info" %}
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Developer support for integrating USDCx bridging into applications will be available via Circle’s Bridge Kit SDK in Q1 2026.
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{% endhint %}
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Stacks now has a fully USDC-backed stablecoin that plugs directly into Circle’s multichain ecosystem and brings stable, interoperable dollar liquidity to Bitcoin’s leading Layer 2.
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### What is USDCx?
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USDCx is a 1:1 USDC-backed stablecoin issued through Circle xReserve and native to Stacks. xReserve provides cryptographic attestations for deposits and minting, while Circle Gateway and CCTP handle cross-chain movement. The result is USDC on Stacks without third-party bridges, wrapped assets, or fragmented liquidity.
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USDCx is a 1:1 USDC-backed stablecoin issued through Circle xReserve and native to Stacks. It will exist as a SIP-010 token on Stacks.&#x20;
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Circle's xReserve provides cryptographic attestations for deposits and minting, while Circle Gateway and CCTP handle cross-chain movement. The result is USDC on Stacks without third-party bridges, wrapped assets, or fragmented liquidity.
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{% hint style="info" %}
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For more info on xReserve, check out the dedicated Circle docs [here](https://developers.circle.com/xreserve).
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{% endhint %}
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### Discover more of USDCx
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<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Operations</td><td><a href="operations.md">operations.md</a></td></tr><tr><td>Contracts</td><td><a href="contracts/">contracts</a></td></tr><tr><td>Bridge App</td><td><a href="bridge-app/">bridge-app</a></td></tr><tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="security.md">security.md</a></td></tr><tr><td>FAQ</td><td><a href="faq.md">faq.md</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><h4>Operations</h4></td><td><a href="operations.md">operations.md</a></td></tr><tr><td><h4>Contracts</h4></td><td><a href="contracts/">contracts</a></td></tr><tr><td><h4>Bridge App</h4></td><td><a href="bridge-app/">bridge-app</a></td></tr><tr><td><h4>Security</h4></td><td><a href="/broken/pages/lpi1fDfEzVNhJIl6VUWP">Broken link</a></td></tr><tr><td><h4>FAQ</h4></td><td><a href="faq.md">faq.md</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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***
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# Bridge App
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# USDCx Bridge App
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<div data-with-frame="true"><figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/usdcx-bridge.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>
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<div data-with-frame="true"><figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/usdcx-bridge-app.png" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="http://bridge.stacks.com">http://bridge.stacks.com</a></p></figcaption></figure></div>
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The USDCx Bridge app is maintained by Stacks Labs and is powered by Circle xReserve.
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Acquire USDCx through the [official bridge app](http://bridge.stacks.com) or migrate your aeUSDC into USDCx to take advantage of better liquidity and improved trust assumptions.&#x20;
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At launch, the USDCx bridge on Stacks supports transfers between Ethereum and Stacks. The first aeUSDC–USDCx liquidity pool will be available on Bitflow in early January.
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Support for additional Circle / CCTP-compatible networks is on the roadmap and will roll out in Q1 2026, enabling broader interoperability across Circle’s multichain USDC ecosystem.

docs/learn/bridging/usdcx/bridge-app/migrating-aeusdc.md

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### What is aeUSDC?
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aeUSDC on Stacks is a bridged form of USDC managed by Allbridge. Allbridge is a platform dedicated to building bridges between different blockchain networks, fostering seamless communication and interoperability. Their expertise lies in connecting various ecosystems, with a particular emphasis on non-EVM chains like Stacks.&#x20;
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aeUSDC on Stacks is a bridged form of USDC managed by Allbridge. Now that USDCx is live on Stacks, aeUSDC holders should upgrade to USDCx for better liquidity, better UX and improved trust assumptions.
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Over the years, the UX for aeUSDC has not been as seamless as expected for Stacks users. Complex swap movements and higher requirements for trust has been a challenge.
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aeUSDC was first released in 2023. It will be gradually depreciated in favor of USDCx.
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### Why should you migrate your aeUSDC tokens to USDCx?
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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Minting aeUSDC is disabled. Users will not be able to mint new aeUSDC. Only transfers from Stacks to Ethereum enabled.
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{% endhint %}
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### Why should you migrate your aeUSDC to USDCx?
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* **Better liquidity** → USDCx gives you deeper liquidity and smoother swaps, powered by a more connected market.
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* **Better UX** → Enjoy a cleaner, faster experience with tools and apps built for real usability, not workarounds.
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* **Trust & reputation via attestations** → Onchain attestations backed by trusted issuers, Circle, strengthen transparency, credibility, and confidence.
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***
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### How to migrate aeUSDC to USDCx
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There are two primary ways to migrate aeUSDC tokens to USDCx. We’ll explain both of them here.&#x20;
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<details>
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<summary>Swap via Bitflow's Conversion Pool</summary>
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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Please note, the first aeUSDC:USDCx pool will be available in early January via Bitflow. This pool is not yet live.
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{% endhint %}
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aeUSDC holders can use the aeUSDC/USDC pool on Bitflow. This is the fastest and cheapest way to migrate to USDCx.
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* Navigate to Swaps in the [Bitflow app](https://app.bitflow.finance/trade).&#x20;
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* Connect your wallet.
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* Select aeUSDC as the “From” token.
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* Set the amount you want to migrate. You may decide to migrate your full aeUSDC balance at once, or test a small amount first before migrating the full balance.&#x20;
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* Select USDCx as the “To” token.
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* Click “Swap” button to initiate the swap. You’ll need to sign the transaction requests from your wallet in order to complete the transaction.
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Bridge via Allbridge Classic</strong></summary>
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Users can bridge aeUSDC back to Ethereum and then bridge back to mint USDCx on Stacks.
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* Navigate to the [Allbridge](https://app.allbridge.io/bridge?from=STX\&to=ETH\&asset=aeUSDC) app.
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* Choose “Stacks” in the dropdown menu in the “From” field
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* Choose “Ethereum” in the dropdown menu in the “To” field
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* Choose “aeUSDC” as the asset.
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* Connect your wallet.
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* Set the amount you want to migrate. You may decide to migrate your full aeUSDC balance at once, or test a small amount first before migrating the full balance.&#x20;
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* Note that it may take 60 minutes (six confirmation blocks) to complete the transaction.
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* Once you have migrated aeUSDC back to USDC on Ethereum, you can use the USDCx Stacks bridge to deposit USDC on Stacks. http://bridge.stacks.co/
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</details>
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docs/learn/bridging/usdcx/contracts/README.md

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Below are the integral contracts that make up the USDCx architecture.
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### Ethereum
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### Stacks
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<table><thead><tr><th width="103.1875">Network</th><th>USDC token contract</th><th>xReserve contract</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet</td><td><a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48">0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48</a></td><td><a href="https://etherscan.io/address/0x8888888199b2Df864bf678259607d6D5EBb4e3Ce">0x8888888199b2Df864bf678259607d6D5EBb4e3Ce</a></td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td><a href="https://sepolia.etherscan.io/token/0x1c7D4B196Cb0C7B01d743Fbc6116a902379C7238">0x1c7D4B196Cb0C7B01d743Fbc6116a902379C7238</a></td><td><a href="https://sepolia.etherscan.io/address/0x008888878f94C0d87defdf0B07f46B93C1934442">0x008888878f94C0d87defdf0B07f46B93C1934442</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<table><thead><tr><th width="125.3046875">Network</th><th>USDCx token contract</th><th>USDC xReserve protocol (entrypoint)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet</td><td><a href="https://explorer.hiro.so/txid/0x07ea0a8d7262acd0cb094006969527351883281e08ebb6535843c5dbbde31ce9?chain=mainnet">SP120SBRBQJ00MCWS7TM5R8WJNTTKD5K0HFRC2CNE.usdcx</a></td><td><a href="https://explorer.hiro.so/txid/0xb5f29114ecdbaf199887433cdd4ca46d177d60875141e1dfb67304b53bf2df11?chain=mainnet">SP120SBRBQJ00MCWS7TM5R8WJNTTKD5K0HFRC2CNE.usdcx-v1</a></td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td><a href="https://explorer.hiro.so/txid/ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.usdcx?chain=testnet">ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.usdcx</a></td><td><a href="https://explorer.hiro.so/txid/ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.usdcx-v1?chain=testnet">ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.usdcx-v1</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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### Ethereum
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<table><thead><tr><th width="125.3046875">Network</th><th>USDCx token contract</th><th>USDC xReserve protocol</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td><a href="https://explorer.hiro.so/txid/ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.usdcx?chain=testnet">ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.usdcx</a></td><td><a href="https://explorer.hiro.so/txid/ST3FBR2AGK5H9QBDH3EEN6DF8EK8JY7RX8NQXMNRQ.usdcx-test-v3?chain=testnet&#x26;tab=overview">ST3FBR2AGK5H9QBDH3EEN6DF8EK8JY7RX8NQXMNRQ.usdcx-test-v3</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<table><thead><tr><th width="103.1875">Network</th><th>USDC token contract</th><th>xReserve contract</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet</td><td><a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48">0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48</a></td><td><a href="https://etherscan.io/address/0x8888888199b2Df864bf678259607d6D5EBb4e3Ce">0x8888888199b2Df864bf678259607d6D5EBb4e3Ce</a></td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td><a href="https://sepolia.etherscan.io/token/0x1c7D4B196Cb0C7B01d743Fbc6116a902379C7238">0x1c7D4B196Cb0C7B01d743Fbc6116a902379C7238</a></td><td><a href="https://sepolia.etherscan.io/address/0x008888878f94C0d87defdf0B07f46B93C1934442">0x008888878f94C0d87defdf0B07f46B93C1934442</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

docs/learn/bridging/usdcx/contracts/usdcx-token.md

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# usdcx-token
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{% code title="usdcx-token.clar" lineNumbers="true" expandable="true" %}
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{% code title=".usdcx" lineNumbers="true" expandable="true" %}
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```clarity
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;; USDCx token
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;; - `pause`: Allowed to pause and unpause the protocol
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;;
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(impl-trait 'ST1PQHQKV0RJXZFY1DGX8MNSNYVE3VGZJSRTPGZGM.sip-010-trait-ft-standard.sip-010-trait)
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(impl-trait 'SP3FBR2AGK5H9QBDH3EEN6DF8EK8JY7RX8QJ5SVTE.sip-010-trait-ft-standard.sip-010-trait)
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(define-constant ERR_NOT_OWNER (err u4))
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```
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## **USDCx Contract Summary**
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## **USDCx-Token Contract Summary**
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This contract implements **USDCx**, a SIP-010 fungible token on Stacks with a **role-based access control system** and **pause functionality** for protocol safety. It exposes the standard SIP-010 interface for transfers, supply queries, and metadata, while providing protocol-only functions for minting, burning, governance updates, and pausing.
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