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<li><a href="#sec:data-intro-edu" id="toc-sec:data-intro-edu" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#sec\:data-intro-edu"> <span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> 数据变量说明</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec:descriptive-analysis" id="toc-sec:descriptive-analysis" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#sec\:descriptive-analysis"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2</span> 描述性分析</a>
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<li><a href="#封装绘图函数" id="toc-封装绘图函数" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#封装绘图函数"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.1</span> 封装绘图函数</a></li>
<li><a href="#不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题" id="toc-不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.2</span> 不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题</a></li>
<li><a href="#不同课程主题监护人情况" id="toc-不同课程主题监护人情况" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#不同课程主题监护人情况"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.3</span> 不同课程主题监护人情况</a></li>
<li><a href="#不同课程学生学习成绩" id="toc-不同课程学生学习成绩" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#不同课程学生学习成绩"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.4</span> 不同课程学生学习成绩</a></li>
<li><a href="#不同教室学生成绩水平" id="toc-不同教室学生成绩水平" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#不同教室学生成绩水平"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.5</span> 不同教室学生成绩水平</a></li>
<li><a href="#不同学期不同成绩水平与监护人的关系" id="toc-不同学期不同成绩水平与监护人的关系" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#不同学期不同成绩水平与监护人的关系"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.6</span> 不同学期、不同成绩水平与监护人的关系</a></li>
<li><a href="#家长是否回答调查问卷成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系" id="toc-家长是否回答调查问卷成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#家长是否回答调查问卷成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.7</span> 家长是否回答调查问卷、成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系</a></li>
<li><a href="#性别逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系" id="toc-性别逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#性别逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.8</span> 性别、逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系</a></li>
<li><a href="#举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系" id="toc-举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系"> <span class="header-section-number">5.2.9</span> 举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系</a></li>
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<li><a href="#模型建立" id="toc-模型建立" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#模型建立"> <span class="header-section-number">5.3</span> 模型建立</a>
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<li><a href="#回归树模型建立" id="toc-回归树模型建立" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#回归树模型建立"> <span class="header-section-number">5.3.1</span> 回归树模型建立</a></li>
<li><a href="#随机数模型" id="toc-随机数模型" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#随机数模型"> <span class="header-section-number">5.3.2</span> 随机数模型</a></li>
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<li><a href="#模型融合" id="toc-模型融合" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#模型融合"> <span class="header-section-number">5.3.4</span> 模型融合</a></li>
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<h1 class="title"><span id="scoreClass" class="quarto-section-identifier d-none d-lg-block"><span class="chapter-number">5</span> <span class="chapter-title">学生成绩水平分类</span></span></h1>
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<section id="sec:data-intro-edu" class="level2" data-number="5.1">
<h2 data-number="5.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="sec:data-intro-edu"><span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> 数据变量说明</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/aljarah/xAPI-Edu-Data">变量说明</a>。</p>
<p>变量中最重要的的为<code>Class</code>学生等级变量，是我们建模的目标变量。</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>edudata <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read_csv</span>(<span class="st">"data/xAPI-Edu-Data.csv"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>edudata<span class="sc">$</span>Class <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(edudata<span class="sc">$</span>Class, <span class="at">levels =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"H"</span>, <span class="st">"M"</span>, <span class="st">"L"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>edudata<span class="sc">$</span>gender <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(edudata<span class="sc">$</span>gender, <span class="at">levels =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"M"</span>, <span class="st">"F"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">str</span>(edudata)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>spec_tbl_df [480 × 17] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
$ gender : Factor w/ 2 levels "M","F": 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 ...
$ NationalITy : chr [1:480] "KW" "KW" "KW" "KW" ...
$ PlaceofBirth : chr [1:480] "KuwaIT" "KuwaIT" "KuwaIT" "KuwaIT" ...
$ StageID : chr [1:480] "lowerlevel" "lowerlevel" "lowerlevel" "lowerlevel" ...
$ GradeID : chr [1:480] "G-04" "G-04" "G-04" "G-04" ...
$ SectionID : chr [1:480] "A" "A" "A" "A" ...
$ Topic : chr [1:480] "IT" "IT" "IT" "IT" ...
$ Semester : chr [1:480] "F" "F" "F" "F" ...
$ Relation : chr [1:480] "Father" "Father" "Father" "Father" ...
$ raisedhands : num [1:480] 15 20 10 30 40 42 35 50 12 70 ...
$ VisITedResources : num [1:480] 16 20 7 25 50 30 12 10 21 80 ...
$ AnnouncementsView : num [1:480] 2 3 0 5 12 13 0 15 16 25 ...
$ Discussion : num [1:480] 20 25 30 35 50 70 17 22 50 70 ...
$ ParentAnsweringSurvey : chr [1:480] "Yes" "Yes" "No" "No" ...
$ ParentschoolSatisfaction: chr [1:480] "Good" "Good" "Bad" "Bad" ...
$ StudentAbsenceDays : chr [1:480] "Under-7" "Under-7" "Above-7" "Above-7" ...
$ Class : Factor w/ 3 levels "H","M","L": 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 ...
- attr(*, "spec")=
.. cols(
.. gender = col_character(),
.. NationalITy = col_character(),
.. PlaceofBirth = col_character(),
.. StageID = col_character(),
.. GradeID = col_character(),
.. SectionID = col_character(),
.. Topic = col_character(),
.. Semester = col_character(),
.. Relation = col_character(),
.. raisedhands = col_double(),
.. VisITedResources = col_double(),
.. AnnouncementsView = col_double(),
.. Discussion = col_double(),
.. ParentAnsweringSurvey = col_character(),
.. ParentschoolSatisfaction = col_character(),
.. StudentAbsenceDays = col_character(),
.. Class = col_character()
.. )
- attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr> </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sec:descriptive-analysis" class="level2" data-number="5.2">
<h2 data-number="5.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="sec:descriptive-analysis"><span class="header-section-number">5.2</span> 描述性分析</h2>
<section id="封装绘图函数" class="level3" data-number="5.2.1">
<h3 data-number="5.2.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="封装绘图函数"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.1</span> 封装绘图函数</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>fun_bar <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(data, xlab, fillc, pos, xname, yname, legend){</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> data <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>({{xlab}}) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="co"># dplyr中的自定函数参数需要使用{{}}括起来</span></span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">count =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="fu">reorder</span>({{xlab}}, count), count, <span class="at">fill =</span> {{fillc}})) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> pos) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co">#pos = "stack" or "fill"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> xname, <span class="at">y =</span> yname) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">coord_flip</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-9"><a href="#cb3-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_bw</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-10"><a href="#cb3-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">fill =</span> <span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title =</span> legend))</span>
<span id="cb3-11"><a href="#cb3-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题" class="level3" data-number="5.2.2">
<h3 data-number="5.2.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.2</span> 不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p1 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Topic, <span class="at">fillc =</span> StageID,</span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Topic"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_Count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"教育程度"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p2 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Topic, <span class="at">fillc =</span> StageID,</span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Topic"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Per_Student_Count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"教育程度"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p1<span class="sc">/</span>p2</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/school-level-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">不同教育程度的学生选择课程主题</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:school-level)可以看出：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>课程主题最多的为IT、French和Arabic，其中选择IT的课程主题的学员远高于其他课。</p></li>
<li><p>无论哪种教育程度，IT、Science、Math和English四种课程都是必修的（三种颜色都有）。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="不同课程主题监护人情况" class="level3" data-number="5.2.3">
<h3 data-number="5.2.3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="不同课程主题监护人情况"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.3</span> 不同课程主题监护人情况</h3>
<p>这部分主要针对家长的情况进行分析，了解父母对学员学习的不同情况。对应在数据集中的变量为<code>Relation</code>。</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p3 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Topic, <span class="at">fillc =</span> Relation,</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Topic"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"监护人情况"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p4 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Topic, <span class="at">fillc =</span> Relation,</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Topic"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"监护人情况"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p3<span class="sc">/</span>p4</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/relation-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">不同课程主题监护人情况</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:relation)可以看出：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>总体而言，监护人为父亲的较多。其中，IT和Math课程中，负责人为父亲的超过75%。</p></li>
<li><p>French课程，监护人大多数为母亲，占70%左右。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="不同课程学生学习成绩" class="level3" data-number="5.2.4">
<h3 data-number="5.2.4" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="不同课程学生学习成绩"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.4</span> 不同课程学生学习成绩</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p5 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Topic, <span class="at">fillc =</span> Class,</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Topic"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"学生成绩"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p6 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Topic, <span class="at">fillc =</span> Class,</span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Topic"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"学生成绩"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p5<span class="sc">/</span>p6</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/class-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">不同课程学生学习成绩</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:class):</p>
<ul>
<li><p>所有课程中，只有Biology课程中，属于高水平的学生数超过了50%。</p></li>
<li><p>在Geology课程中，没有低水平的学生。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="不同教室学生成绩水平" class="level3" data-number="5.2.5">
<h3 data-number="5.2.5" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="不同教室学生成绩水平"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.5</span> 不同教室学生成绩水平</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p7 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> SectionID, <span class="at">fillc =</span> Class,</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Section_ID"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"学生成绩"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p8 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> SectionID, <span class="at">fillc =</span> Class,</span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Section_ID"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"学生成绩"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p7<span class="sc">/</span>p8</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/score-section-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">不同教室学生成绩水平</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:score-section)可以看出：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>在A班的学生最多，C班的学生最少。</p></li>
<li><p>C班的低水平成绩的学生相对较多，其它两个班级的成绩水平基本一致。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="不同学期不同成绩水平与监护人的关系" class="level3" data-number="5.2.6">
<h3 data-number="5.2.6" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="不同学期不同成绩水平与监护人的关系"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.6</span> 不同学期、不同成绩水平与监护人的关系</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 封装函数，去掉坐标轴翻转</span></span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>fun_bar2 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(data, xlab, fillc, pos, xname, yname, legend){</span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> data <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>({{xlab}}) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="co"># dplyr中的自定函数参数需要使用{{}}括起来</span></span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">count =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="fu">reorder</span>({{xlab}}, count), count, <span class="at">fill =</span> {{fillc}})) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> pos) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co">#pos = "stack" or "fill"</span></span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> xname, <span class="at">y =</span> yname) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_bw</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">guides</span>(<span class="at">fill =</span> <span class="fu">guide_legend</span>(<span class="at">title =</span> legend))</span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p9 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, Semester, Relation, <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Semester"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"监护人情况"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p10 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, Semester, Relation, <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Semester"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"per_Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"监护人情况"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb9-9"><a href="#cb9-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p11 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, Class, Relation, <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-10"><a href="#cb9-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Class"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-11"><a href="#cb9-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"监护人情况"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb9-12"><a href="#cb9-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb9-13"><a href="#cb9-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p12 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, Class, Relation, <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-14"><a href="#cb9-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Class"</span>, <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"per_Student_count"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-15"><a href="#cb9-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"监护人情况"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb9-16"><a href="#cb9-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>(p9<span class="sc">|</span>p10) <span class="sc">/</span> (p11<span class="sc">|</span>p12)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/semester-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">不同学期、不同成绩水平与监护人的关系</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:semester)可知：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>第一学期父亲作为监护人的学生数比第二学期多。</p></li>
<li><p>总体看，成绩水平较高的学生中，监护人为母亲的比较多；其它水平均是父亲较多。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="家长是否回答调查问卷成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系" class="level3" data-number="5.2.7">
<h3 data-number="5.2.7" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="家长是否回答调查问卷成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.7</span> 家长是否回答调查问卷、成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p13 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, ParentAnsweringSurvey, ParentschoolSatisfaction, </span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"ParentAnsweringSurvey"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"是否满意"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p14 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, ParentAnsweringSurvey, ParentschoolSatisfaction, </span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"ParentAnsweringSurvey"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Per_Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"是否满意"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p15 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, Class, ParentschoolSatisfaction, </span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Class"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"是否满意"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p16 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, Class, ParentschoolSatisfaction, </span>
<span id="cb10-12"><a href="#cb10-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Class"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-13"><a href="#cb10-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Per_Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"是否满意"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-14"><a href="#cb10-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>(p13<span class="sc">|</span>p14)<span class="sc">/</span>(p15<span class="sc">|</span>p16)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/surey-class-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">家长是否回答调查问卷、成绩水平与家长对学校是否满意的关系</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:surey-class)可以看出：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>有超过一半的家长回答了问卷，其中，回答问卷的家长大部分对学校满意，而未回答问卷的则大部分对学校不满。</p></li>
<li><p>成绩越高，家长对学校越满意。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="性别逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系" class="level3" data-number="5.2.8">
<h3 data-number="5.2.8" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="性别逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.8</span> 性别、逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p17 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, gender, Class, </span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Gender"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"成绩水平"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p18 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, gender, Class, </span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Gender"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Per_Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"成绩水平"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p19 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, StudentAbsenceDays, Class, </span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"stack"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Class"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"成绩水平"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-11"><a href="#cb11-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p20 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar2</span>(edudata, StudentAbsenceDays, Class, </span>
<span id="cb11-12"><a href="#cb11-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">pos =</span> <span class="st">"fill"</span>, <span class="at">xname =</span> <span class="st">"Class"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb11-13"><a href="#cb11-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">yname =</span> <span class="st">"Per_Student_count"</span>, <span class="at">legend =</span> <span class="st">"成绩水平"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-14"><a href="#cb11-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>(p17<span class="sc">|</span>p18)<span class="sc">/</span>(p19<span class="sc">|</span>p20)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/gender-absence-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">性别、逃课次数与学生成绩水平的关系</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:gender-absence)可知：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>女生比男生数量少很多，但高水平成绩的人数明显比男生多；中水平成绩男女比例基本持平。</p></li>
<li><p>逃课超过7天的的学生基本无法取得好的成绩。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系" class="level3" data-number="5.2.9">
<h3 data-number="5.2.9" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系"><span class="header-section-number">5.2.9</span> 举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>fun_bar3 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(data, xlab, ylab, fillc, xname, yname){</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> data <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>({{xlab}}) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">Mcount =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>({{ylab}})) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>({{xlab}}, Mcount, <span class="at">fill =</span> {{fillc}})) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>() <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> xname, <span class="at">y =</span> yname) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_bw</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">legend.position =</span> <span class="st">"none"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># edudata$Class <- factor(edudata$Class, c("H", "M", "L"), ordered = TRUE)</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p21 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar3</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Class, <span class="at">ylab =</span> raisedhands, </span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fillc =</span> Class, <span class="st">"成绩水平"</span>, <span class="st">"平均举手次数"</span> )</span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href="#cb13-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href="#cb13-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p22 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fun_bar3</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> edudata, <span class="at">xlab =</span> Class, <span class="at">ylab =</span> Discussion, </span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href="#cb13-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fillc =</span> Class, <span class="st">"成绩水平"</span>, <span class="st">"平均参与讨论次数"</span> )</span>
<span id="cb13-7"><a href="#cb13-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p21<span class="sc">|</span>p22</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/raisedhands-discuss-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
<p></p><figcaption aria-hidden="true" class="figure-caption">举手次数和参加讨论次数与成绩水平关系</figcaption><p></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>由图@ref(fig:raisedhands-discuss)可知： 举手次数和参与讨论次数越多，成绩水平越高。</p>
<hr>
</section>
</section>
<section id="模型建立" class="level2" data-number="5.3">
<h2 data-number="5.3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="模型建立"><span class="header-section-number">5.3</span> 模型建立</h2>
<section id="回归树模型建立" class="level3" data-number="5.3.1">
<h3 data-number="5.3.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="回归树模型建立"><span class="header-section-number">5.3.1</span> 回归树模型建立</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">1234</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 按照数据目标8:2进行分层抽样，返回矩阵形式的抽样索引</span></span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>index <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">createDataPartition</span>(edudata<span class="sc">$</span>Class, <span class="at">p =</span> <span class="fl">0.8</span>, <span class="at">list =</span> F)</span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>train <span class="ot"><-</span> edudata[index, ]</span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href="#cb14-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>test <span class="ot"><-</span> edudata[<span class="sc">-</span>index, ]</span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href="#cb14-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb14-7"><a href="#cb14-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 建立回归树模型</span></span>
<span id="cb14-8"><a href="#cb14-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>rpart_model <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">rpart</span>(Class <span class="sc">~</span>., <span class="at">data =</span> train)</span>
<span id="cb14-9"><a href="#cb14-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># type = "class"指定预测结果是具体的某个类别</span></span>
<span id="cb14-10"><a href="#cb14-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>pred_rp <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">predict</span>(rpart_model, test[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">17</span>], <span class="at">type =</span> <span class="st">"class"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-11"><a href="#cb14-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">confusionMatrix</span>(pred_rp, test<span class="sc">$</span>Class)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Confusion Matrix and Statistics
Reference
Prediction H M L
H 18 3 0
M 9 29 3
L 1 10 22
Overall Statistics
Accuracy : 0.7263
95% CI : (0.6252, 0.8128)
No Information Rate : 0.4421
P-Value [Acc > NIR] : 1.882e-08
Kappa : 0.5806
Mcnemar's Test P-Value : 0.05103
Statistics by Class:
Class: H Class: M Class: L
Sensitivity 0.6429 0.6905 0.8800
Specificity 0.9552 0.7736 0.8429
Pos Pred Value 0.8571 0.7073 0.6667
Neg Pred Value 0.8649 0.7593 0.9516
Prevalence 0.2947 0.4421 0.2632
Detection Rate 0.1895 0.3053 0.2316
Detection Prevalence 0.2211 0.4316 0.3474
Balanced Accuracy 0.7990 0.7320 0.8614</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">prp</span>(rpart_model)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="随机数模型" class="level3" data-number="5.3.2">
<h3 data-number="5.3.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="随机数模型"><span class="header-section-number">5.3.2</span> 随机数模型</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">1234</span>)</span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># importance = T:稍后对变量进行重要性的可视化</span></span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href="#cb17-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>rf_model <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">randomForest</span>(Class<span class="sc">~</span>., <span class="at">data =</span> train, <span class="at">importance =</span> T)</span>
<span id="cb17-4"><a href="#cb17-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>pred_rf <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">predict</span>(rf_model, test[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">17</span>], <span class="at">type =</span> <span class="st">"class"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb17-5"><a href="#cb17-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">confusionMatrix</span>(pred_rf, test<span class="sc">$</span>Class) <span class="co"># 混淆矩阵判断模型准确率</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Confusion Matrix and Statistics
Reference
Prediction H M L
H 20 4 0
M 8 36 4
L 0 2 21
Overall Statistics
Accuracy : 0.8105
95% CI : (0.7172, 0.8837)
No Information Rate : 0.4421
P-Value [Acc > NIR] : 1.886e-13
Kappa : 0.7032
Mcnemar's Test P-Value : NA
Statistics by Class:
Class: H Class: M Class: L
Sensitivity 0.7143 0.8571 0.8400
Specificity 0.9403 0.7736 0.9714
Pos Pred Value 0.8333 0.7500 0.9130
Neg Pred Value 0.8873 0.8723 0.9444
Prevalence 0.2947 0.4421 0.2632
Detection Rate 0.2105 0.3789 0.2211
Detection Prevalence 0.2526 0.5053 0.2421
Balanced Accuracy 0.8273 0.8154 0.9057</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">varImpPlot</span>(rf_model) <span class="co"># 可视化变量重要性函数</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<p><img src="5-Student-performance-level_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="672"></p>
</div>
</div>
<p>阅读上图：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>圆点越靠近右侧越重要。</p></li>
<li><p>我们重点观察排名前五的变量。通过左右两图的对比发现，两图中前四个变量相同（交叉），可以判定这四个变量是数据中最重要的变量。</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="svm建模-支持向量机需要再研究" class="level3" data-number="5.3.3">
<h3 data-number="5.3.3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="svm建模-支持向量机需要再研究"><span class="header-section-number">5.3.3</span> SVM建模-支持向量机(需要再研究)</h3>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">1234</span>)</span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href="#cb20-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(kernlab) <span class="co"># Kernel-Based Machine Learning Lab</span></span>
<span id="cb20-3"><a href="#cb20-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>svm_model <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ksvm</span>(Class<span class="sc">~</span>., <span class="at">data =</span> test, <span class="at">kernel =</span> <span class="st">"rbfdot"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb20-4"><a href="#cb20-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># type = "response":指定预测结果是具体的某个列别</span></span>
<span id="cb20-5"><a href="#cb20-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>pred_svm <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">predict</span>(svm_model, test[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">17</span>], <span class="at">type =</span> <span class="st">"response"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb20-6"><a href="#cb20-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">confusionMatrix</span>(pred_svm, test<span class="sc">$</span>Class)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Confusion Matrix and Statistics
Reference
Prediction H M L
H 23 4 0
M 5 36 1
L 0 2 24
Overall Statistics
Accuracy : 0.8737
95% CI : (0.7897, 0.933)
No Information Rate : 0.4421
P-Value [Acc > NIR] : < 2.2e-16
Kappa : 0.8053
Mcnemar's Test P-Value : NA
Statistics by Class:
Class: H Class: M Class: L
Sensitivity 0.8214 0.8571 0.9600
Specificity 0.9403 0.8868 0.9714
Pos Pred Value 0.8519 0.8571 0.9231
Neg Pred Value 0.9265 0.8868 0.9855
Prevalence 0.2947 0.4421 0.2632
Detection Rate 0.2421 0.3789 0.2526
Detection Prevalence 0.2842 0.4421 0.2737
Balanced Accuracy 0.8809 0.8720 0.9657</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="模型融合" class="level3" data-number="5.3.4">
<h3 data-number="5.3.4" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="模型融合"><span class="header-section-number">5.3.4</span> 模型融合</h3>
<p>将各个模型的结果做一个融合（合并至一个数据框）。</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>result <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">data.frame</span>(<span class="at">rpart =</span> pred_rp,</span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">randomForest =</span> pred_rf,</span>
<span id="cb22-3"><a href="#cb22-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">svm =</span> pred_svm,</span>
<span id="cb22-4"><a href="#cb22-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">actual_class =</span> test<span class="sc">$</span>Class, </span>
<span id="cb22-5"><a href="#cb22-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">final_pred =</span> <span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="st">"-"</span>, <span class="fu">nrow</span>(test)))</span>
<span id="cb22-6"><a href="#cb22-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(result)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> rpart randomForest svm actual_class final_pred
1 M M M M -
2 L L L L -
3 L L L L -
4 M M L M -
5 L L L L -
6 M M M M -</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb24-1"><a href="#cb24-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 封装求众数函数</span></span>
<span id="cb24-2"><a href="#cb24-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>fun_pred <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(x){</span>
<span id="cb24-3"><a href="#cb24-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">names</span>(<span class="fu">which.max</span>(<span class="fu">table</span>(x)))</span>
<span id="cb24-4"><a href="#cb24-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb24-5"><a href="#cb24-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb24-6"><a href="#cb24-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>result<span class="sc">$</span>final_pred <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(<span class="fu">apply</span>(result[<span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">2</span>], <span class="dv">1</span>, fun_pred))</span>
<span id="cb24-7"><a href="#cb24-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">confusionMatrix</span>(result<span class="sc">$</span>actual_class, result<span class="sc">$</span>final_pred)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Confusion Matrix and Statistics
Reference
Prediction H L M
H 21 1 6
L 0 23 2
M 7 10 25
Overall Statistics
Accuracy : 0.7263
95% CI : (0.6252, 0.8128)
No Information Rate : 0.3579
P-Value [Acc > NIR] : 3.029e-13
Kappa : 0.5887
Mcnemar's Test P-Value : 0.09327
Statistics by Class:
Class: H Class: L Class: M
Sensitivity 0.7500 0.6765 0.7576
Specificity 0.8955 0.9672 0.7258
Pos Pred Value 0.7500 0.9200 0.5952
Neg Pred Value 0.8955 0.8429 0.8491
Prevalence 0.2947 0.3579 0.3474
Detection Rate 0.2211 0.2421 0.2632
Detection Prevalence 0.2947 0.2632 0.4421
Balanced Accuracy 0.8228 0.8218 0.7417</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb26"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb26-1"><a href="#cb26-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(result)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> rpart randomForest svm actual_class final_pred
1 M M M M M
2 L L L L L
3 L L L L L
4 M M L M M
5 L L L L L
6 M M M M M</code></pre>
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