diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index f75160c1b0c3..1d0d5697bab7 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - Upgrade: migrate CSS variable shorthand if fallback value contains function call ([#18184](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/18184))
 - Upgrade: Migrate negative arbitrary values to negative bare values, e.g.: `mb-[-32rem]` → `-mb-128` ([#18212](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/18212))
 - Upgrade: Do not migrate `blur` in `wire:model.blur` ([#18216](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/18216))
+- Don't add spaces around CSS dashed idents when formatting math expressions ([#18220](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/18220))
 
 ## [4.1.8] - 2025-05-27
 
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/decode-arbitrary-value.test.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/decode-arbitrary-value.test.ts
index 2dccd897f5e2..19025d5b4bfa 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/decode-arbitrary-value.test.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/decode-arbitrary-value.test.ts
@@ -84,6 +84,22 @@ describe('adds spaces around math operators', () => {
     ['calc(theme(spacing.foo-2))', 'calc(theme(spacing.foo-2))'],
     ['calc(theme(spacing.foo-bar))', 'calc(theme(spacing.foo-bar))'],
 
+    // Preserving CSS keyword tokens like fit-content without splitting around hyphens in complex expressions
+    ['min(fit-content,calc(100dvh-4rem))', 'min(fit-content, calc(100dvh - 4rem))'],
+    [
+      'min(theme(spacing.foo-bar),fit-content,calc(20*calc(40-30)))',
+      'min(theme(spacing.foo-bar), fit-content, calc(20 * calc(40 - 30)))',
+    ],
+    [
+      'min(fit-content,calc(100dvh-4rem)-calc(50dvh--2px))',
+      'min(fit-content, calc(100dvh - 4rem) - calc(50dvh - -2px))',
+    ],
+    ['min(-3.4e-2-var(--foo),calc-size(auto))', 'min(-3.4e-2 - var(--foo), calc-size(auto))'],
+    [
+      'clamp(-10e3-var(--foo),calc-size(max-content),var(--foo)+-10e3)',
+      'clamp(-10e3 - var(--foo), calc-size(max-content), var(--foo) + -10e3)',
+    ],
+
     // A negative number immediately after a `,` should not have spaces inserted
     ['clamp(-3px+4px,-3px+4px,-3px+4px)', 'clamp(-3px + 4px, -3px + 4px, -3px + 4px)'],
 
@@ -93,6 +109,12 @@ describe('adds spaces around math operators', () => {
     // Prevent formatting inside `env()` functions
     ['calc(env(safe-area-inset-bottom)*2)', 'calc(env(safe-area-inset-bottom) * 2)'],
 
+    // Handle dashed functions that look like known dashed idents
+    [
+      'fit-content(min(max-content,max(min-content,calc(20px+1em))))',
+      'fit-content(min(max-content, max(min-content, calc(20px + 1em))))',
+    ],
+
     // Should format inside `calc()` nested in `env()`
     [
       'env(safe-area-inset-bottom,calc(10px+20px))',
@@ -122,7 +144,7 @@ describe('adds spaces around math operators', () => {
 
     // round(…) function
     ['round(1+2,1+3)', 'round(1 + 2, 1 + 3)'],
-    ['round(to-zero,1+2,1+3)', 'round(to-zero,1 + 2, 1 + 3)'],
+    ['round(to-zero,1+2,1+3)', 'round(to-zero, 1 + 2, 1 + 3)'],
 
     // Nested parens in non-math functions don't format their contents
     ['env((safe-area-inset-bottom))', 'env((safe-area-inset-bottom))'],
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/math-operators.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/math-operators.ts
index e6e83fe79b0c..523fcce208cf 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/math-operators.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/utils/math-operators.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+const LOWER_A = 0x61
+const LOWER_Z = 0x7a
+const LOWER_E = 0x65
+const UPPER_E = 0x45
+const ZERO = 0x30
+const NINE = 0x39
+const ADD = 0x2b
+const SUB = 0x2d
+const MUL = 0x2a
+const DIV = 0x2f
+const OPEN_PAREN = 0x28
+const CLOSE_PAREN = 0x29
+const COMMA = 0x2c
+const SPACE = 0x20
+
 const MATH_FUNCTIONS = [
   'calc',
   'min',
@@ -20,9 +35,6 @@ const MATH_FUNCTIONS = [
   'round',
 ]
 
-const KNOWN_DASHED_FUNCTIONS = ['anchor-size']
-const DASHED_FUNCTIONS_REGEX = new RegExp(`(${KNOWN_DASHED_FUNCTIONS.join('|')})\\(`, 'g')
-
 export function hasMathFn(input: string) {
   return input.indexOf('(') !== -1 && MATH_FUNCTIONS.some((fn) => input.includes(`${fn}(`))
 }
@@ -33,25 +45,36 @@ export function addWhitespaceAroundMathOperators(input: string) {
     return input
   }
 
-  // Replace known functions with a placeholder
-  let hasKnownFunctions = false
-  if (KNOWN_DASHED_FUNCTIONS.some((fn) => input.includes(fn))) {
-    DASHED_FUNCTIONS_REGEX.lastIndex = 0
-    input = input.replace(DASHED_FUNCTIONS_REGEX, (_, fn) => {
-      hasKnownFunctions = true
-      return `$${KNOWN_DASHED_FUNCTIONS.indexOf(fn)}$(`
-    })
-  }
-
   let result = ''
   let formattable: boolean[] = []
 
+  let valuePos = null
+  let lastValuePos = null
+
   for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
-    let char = input[i]
+    let char = input.charCodeAt(i)
+
+    // Track if we see a number followed by a unit, then we know for sure that
+    // this is not a function call.
+    if (char >= ZERO && char <= NINE) {
+      valuePos = i
+    }
+
+    // If we saw a number before, and we see normal a-z character, then we
+    // assume this is a value such as `123px`
+    else if (valuePos !== null && char >= LOWER_A && char <= LOWER_Z) {
+      valuePos = i
+    }
+
+    // Once we see something else, we reset the value position
+    else {
+      lastValuePos = valuePos
+      valuePos = null
+    }
 
     // Determine if we're inside a math function
-    if (char === '(') {
-      result += char
+    if (char === OPEN_PAREN) {
+      result += input[i]
 
       // Scan backwards to determine the function name. This assumes math
       // functions are named with lowercase alphanumeric characters.
@@ -60,9 +83,9 @@ export function addWhitespaceAroundMathOperators(input: string) {
       for (let j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
         let inner = input.charCodeAt(j)
 
-        if (inner >= 48 && inner <= 57) {
+        if (inner >= ZERO && inner <= NINE) {
           start = j // 0-9
-        } else if (inner >= 97 && inner <= 122) {
+        } else if (inner >= LOWER_A && inner <= LOWER_Z) {
           start = j // a-z
         } else {
           break
@@ -91,76 +114,84 @@ export function addWhitespaceAroundMathOperators(input: string) {
 
     // We've exited the function so format according to the parent function's
     // type.
-    else if (char === ')') {
-      result += char
+    else if (char === CLOSE_PAREN) {
+      result += input[i]
       formattable.shift()
     }
 
     // Add spaces after commas in math functions
-    else if (char === ',' && formattable[0]) {
+    else if (char === COMMA && formattable[0]) {
       result += `, `
       continue
     }
 
     // Skip over consecutive whitespace
-    else if (char === ' ' && formattable[0] && result[result.length - 1] === ' ') {
+    else if (char === SPACE && formattable[0] && result.charCodeAt(result.length - 1) === SPACE) {
       continue
     }
 
     // Add whitespace around operators inside math functions
-    else if ((char === '+' || char === '*' || char === '/' || char === '-') && formattable[0]) {
+    else if ((char === ADD || char === MUL || char === DIV || char === SUB) && formattable[0]) {
       let trimmed = result.trimEnd()
-      let prev = trimmed[trimmed.length - 1]
+      let prev = trimmed.charCodeAt(trimmed.length - 1)
+      let prevPrev = trimmed.charCodeAt(trimmed.length - 2)
+      let next = input.charCodeAt(i + 1)
+
+      // Do not add spaces for scientific notation, e.g.: `-3.4e-2`
+      if ((prev === LOWER_E || prev === UPPER_E) && prevPrev >= ZERO && prevPrev <= NINE) {
+        result += input[i]
+        continue
+      }
 
       // If we're preceded by an operator don't add spaces
-      if (prev === '+' || prev === '*' || prev === '/' || prev === '-') {
-        result += char
+      else if (prev === ADD || prev === MUL || prev === DIV || prev === SUB) {
+        result += input[i]
         continue
       }
 
       // If we're at the beginning of an argument don't add spaces
-      else if (prev === '(' || prev === ',') {
-        result += char
+      else if (prev === OPEN_PAREN || prev === COMMA) {
+        result += input[i]
         continue
       }
 
       // Add spaces only after the operator if we already have spaces before it
-      else if (input[i - 1] === ' ') {
-        result += `${char} `
+      else if (input.charCodeAt(i - 1) === SPACE) {
+        result += `${input[i]} `
       }
 
-      // Add spaces around the operator
-      else {
-        result += ` ${char} `
+      // Add spaces around the operator, if...
+      else if (
+        // Previous is a digit
+        (prev >= ZERO && prev <= NINE) ||
+        // Next is a digit
+        (next >= ZERO && next <= NINE) ||
+        // Previous is end of a function call (or parenthesized expression)
+        prev === CLOSE_PAREN ||
+        // Next is start of a parenthesized expression
+        next === OPEN_PAREN ||
+        // Next is an operator
+        next === ADD ||
+        next === MUL ||
+        next === DIV ||
+        next === SUB ||
+        // Previous position was a value (+ unit)
+        (lastValuePos !== null && lastValuePos === i - 1)
+      ) {
+        result += ` ${input[i]} `
       }
-    }
 
-    // Skip over `to-zero` when in a math function.
-    //
-    // This is specifically to handle this value in the round(…) function:
-    //
-    // ```
-    // round(to-zero, 1px)
-    //       ^^^^^^^
-    // ```
-    //
-    // This is because the first argument is optionally a keyword and `to-zero`
-    // contains a hyphen and we want to avoid adding spaces inside it.
-    else if (formattable[0] && input.startsWith('to-zero', i)) {
-      let start = i
-      i += 7
-      result += input.slice(start, i + 1)
+      // Everything else
+      else {
+        result += input[i]
+      }
     }
 
     // Handle all other characters
     else {
-      result += char
+      result += input[i]
     }
   }
 
-  if (hasKnownFunctions) {
-    return result.replace(/\$(\d+)\$/g, (fn, idx) => KNOWN_DASHED_FUNCTIONS[idx] ?? fn)
-  }
-
   return result
 }