| title |
slug |
Reserved Keywords |
/tdengine-reference/sql-manual/reserved-keywords |
Currently, TDengine has over 200 internal reserved keywords. These keywords, if needed as names for databases, tables, supertables, subtables, data columns, and tag columns, regardless of case, must be enclosed with the ` symbol, such as `ADD`.
The list of keywords is as follows:
| Keyword |
Description |
| ABORT |
|
| ACCOUNT |
|
| ACCOUNTS |
|
| ADD |
|
| AES_DECRYPT |
3.4.0.3+ |
| AES_ENCRYPT |
3.4.0.3+ |
| AFTER |
|
| AGGREGATE |
|
| ALIAS |
|
| ALIVE |
|
| ALL |
|
| ALLOW_DATETIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| ALLOW_TOKEN_NUM |
3.4.0.0+ |
| ALTER |
|
| ANALYZE |
3.3.4.3+ |
| AND |
|
| ANODE |
3.3.4.3+ |
| ANODES |
3.3.4.3+ |
| ANOMALY_WINDOW |
3.3.4.3+ |
| ANTI |
|
| ANY |
3.4.1.0+ |
| APPS |
|
| ARBGROUPS |
|
| ARROW |
|
| AS |
|
| ASC |
|
| ASOF |
|
| ASYNC |
3.3.6.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| AT_ONCE |
3.0.0.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| ATTACH |
|
| AUTO |
3.3.5.0+ |
| ASSIGN |
3.3.6.0+ |
| ALGR_NAME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| ALGR_TYPE |
3.4.0.0+ |
| Keyword |
Description |
| BALANCE |
|
| BEFORE |
|
| BEGIN |
|
| BETWEEN |
|
| BIGINT |
|
| BIN |
|
| BINARY |
|
| BITAND |
|
| BITAND |
|
| BITNOT |
|
| BITOR |
|
| BLOB |
|
| BLOCKS |
|
| BNODE |
|
| BNODES |
|
| BOOL |
|
| BOTH |
|
| BUFFER |
|
| BUFSIZE |
|
| BWLIMIT |
|
| BY |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| CACHE |
|
| CACHEMODEL |
|
| CACHESIZE |
|
| CALC_NOTIFY_ONLY |
3.3.7.0+ |
| CALL_PER_SESSION |
3.4.0.0+ |
| CASE |
|
| CAST |
|
| CHANGE |
|
| CHANGEPASS |
3.4.0.0+ |
| CHILD |
|
| CLIENT_VERSION |
|
| CLUSTER |
|
| COLON |
|
| COLS |
3.3.6.0+ |
| COLUMN |
|
| COMMA |
|
| COMMENT |
|
| COMP |
|
| COMPACT |
|
| COMPACTS |
|
| COMPACT_INTERVAL |
3.3.5.0+ |
| COMPACT_TIME_OFFSET |
3.3.5.0+ |
| COMPACT_TIME_RANGE |
3.3.5.0+ |
| COMPOSITE |
3.3.6.3+ |
| COMPRESS |
|
| CONCAT |
|
| CONFLICT |
|
| CONNECT_IDLE_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| CONNECT_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| CONNECTION |
|
| CONNECTIONS |
|
| CONNS |
|
| CONSUMER |
|
| CONSUMERS |
|
| CONTAINS |
|
| CONTINUOUS_WINDOW_CLOSE |
3.3.6.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| COPY |
|
| COUNT |
|
| COUNT_WINDOW |
|
| CREATE |
|
| CREATEDB |
|
| CURRENT_USER |
|
| SCAN |
|
| SCANS |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| DATABASE |
|
| DATABASES |
|
| DBS |
|
| DB_KEY |
|
| DECIMAL |
3.3.6.0+ |
| DEFAULT |
3.4.0.0+ |
| DEFERRED |
|
| DELETE |
|
| DELETE_MARK |
|
| DELETE_OUTPUT_TABLE |
3.3.7.0+ |
| DELETE_RECALC |
3.3.7.0+ |
| DELIMITERS |
|
| DESC |
|
| DESCRIBE |
|
| DETACH |
|
| DISK_INFO |
3.3.5.0+ |
| DISTINCT |
|
| DISTRIBUTED |
|
| DIVIDE |
|
| DNODE |
|
| DNODES |
|
| DOT |
|
| DOUBLE |
|
| DROP |
|
| DURATION |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| EACH |
|
| ELSE |
|
| ENCODE |
|
| ENABLE |
|
| ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM |
|
| ENCRYPT_ALGORITHMS |
3.4.0.0+ |
| ENCRYPT_ALGR |
3.4.0.0+ |
| ENCRYPT_KEY |
|
| ENCRYPT_STATUS |
|
| ENCRYPTIONS |
|
| END |
|
| EQ |
|
| EVENT_TYPE |
3.3.7.0+ |
| EVENT_WINDOW |
|
| EVERY |
|
| EXCEPT |
|
| EXISTS |
|
| EXPIRED |
3.0.0.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| EXPIRED_TIME |
3.3.7.0+ |
| EXPLAIN |
|
| EXTRA_INFO |
3.4.0.0+ |
| Keyword |
Description |
| FAIL |
|
| FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS |
3.4.0.0+ |
| FHIGH |
3.3.4.3+ |
| FILE |
|
| FILL |
|
| FILL_HISTORY |
|
| FILL_HISTORY_FIRST |
3.3.7.0+ |
| FIRST |
|
| FLOAT |
|
| FLOW |
3.3.4.3+ |
| FLUSH |
|
| FOR |
|
| FORCE |
|
| FORCE_OUTPUT |
3.3.7.0+ |
| FORCE_WINDOW_CLOSE |
3.3.4.3 - 3.3.7.0 |
| FROM |
|
| FROM_BASE64 |
3.4.0.3+ |
| FROWTS |
3.3.4.3+ |
| FULL |
|
| FUNCTION |
|
| FUNCTIONS |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| GE |
|
| GEOMETRY |
|
| GLOB |
|
| GRANT |
|
| GRANTS |
|
| GROUP |
|
| GT |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| HAVING |
|
| HEX |
|
| HOST |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| ID |
|
| IF |
|
| IGNORE |
|
| IGNORE_DISORDER |
3.3.7.0+ |
| IGNORE_NODATA_TRIGGER |
3.3.7.0+ |
| ILLEGAL |
|
| IMMEDIATE |
|
| IMPORT |
|
| IN |
|
| INACTIVE_ACCOUNT_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| INDEX |
|
| INDEXES |
|
| INITIALLY |
|
| INNER |
|
| INSERT |
|
| INSTANCES |
|
| INSTEAD |
|
| INT |
|
| INTEGER |
|
| INTERSECT |
|
| INTERVAL |
|
| INTO |
|
| IPTOKEN |
|
| IROWTS |
|
| IROWTS_ORIGIN |
3.3.5.0+ |
| IS |
|
| IS_IMPORT |
|
| ISFILLED |
|
| ISNULL |
|
| IS_AUDIT |
3.3.9.0+ |
| Keyword |
Description |
| JLIMIT |
|
| JOIN |
|
| JSON |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| KEEP |
|
| KEEP_TIME_OFFSET |
|
| KEY |
|
| KILL |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| LANGUAGE |
|
| LAST |
|
| LAST_ROW |
|
| LE |
|
| LEADER |
|
| LEADING |
|
| LEFT |
|
| LEVEL |
3.3.0.0 - 3.3.2.11 |
| LICENCES |
|
| LIKE |
|
| LIMIT |
|
| LINEAR |
|
| LOCK |
|
| LOCAL |
|
| LOGS |
|
| LOW_LATENCY_CALC |
3.3.7.0+ |
| LP |
|
| LSHIFT |
|
| LT |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| MACHINES |
|
| MATCH |
|
| MAX_DELAY |
|
| MAXROWS |
|
| MEDIUMBLOB |
|
| MERGE |
|
| META |
|
| META_ONLY |
3.3.6.0+ |
| MD5 |
3.4.0.3+ |
| MINROWS |
|
| MINUS |
|
| MNODE |
|
| MNODES |
|
| MODIFY |
|
| MODULES |
|
| MOUNT |
|
| MOUNTS |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| NEAR |
|
| NCHAR |
|
| NE |
|
| NEXT |
|
| NMATCH |
|
| NODELAY_CREATE_SUBTABLE |
3.5.0.0+ |
| NONE |
|
| NORMAL |
|
| NOT |
|
| NOT_ALLOW_DATETIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| NOT_ALLOW_HOST |
3.4.0.0+ |
| NOTIFY |
3.3.6.0+ |
| NOTIFY_HISTORY |
3.3.6.0+ |
| NOTIFY_OPTIONS |
3.3.7.0+ |
| NOTNULL |
|
| NOW |
|
| NULL |
|
| NULL_F |
|
| NULLS |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| OF |
|
| OFFSET |
|
| ON |
|
| ONLY |
|
| ON_FAILURE |
3.3.6.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| ON_FAILURE_PAUSE |
3.3.7.0+ |
| OPTIONS |
3.3.7.0+ |
| OR |
|
| ORDER |
|
| OUTER |
|
| OUTPUT_SUBTABLE |
3.3.7.0+ |
| OUTPUTTYPE |
|
| OSSL_ALGR_NAME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| Keyword |
Description |
| PAGES |
|
| PAGESIZE |
|
| PARTITION |
|
| PASS |
|
| PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX |
3.4.0.0+ |
| PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME |
3.4.0.0+ |
| PAUSE |
|
| PERIOD |
3.3.7.0+ |
| PI |
|
| PLUS |
|
| PORT |
|
| POSITION |
|
| PPS |
|
| PRE_FILTER |
3.3.7.0+ |
| PRECISION |
|
| PREV |
|
| PRIMARY |
|
| PRIVILEGE |
|
| PRIVILEGES |
|
| PROVIDER |
3.4.0.0+ |
| Keyword |
Description |
| QDURATION |
|
| QEND |
|
| QNODE |
|
| QNODES |
|
| QSTART |
|
| QTAGS |
|
| QTIME |
|
| QUERIES |
|
| QUERY |
|
| QUESTION |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| RAISE |
|
| RAND |
|
| RANGE |
|
| RATIO |
|
| READ |
|
| RECALCULATE |
|
| RECURSIVE |
|
| REGEXP |
3.3.6.0+ |
| REDISTRIBUTE |
|
| RELOAD |
|
| REM |
|
| RENAME |
|
| REPLACE |
|
| REPLICA |
|
| REPLICAS |
3.3.7.0+ |
| RESET |
|
| RESTORE |
|
| RESTRICT |
|
| RESUME |
|
| RETENTION |
|
| RETENTIONS |
|
| REVOKE |
|
| RIGHT |
|
| ROLE |
|
| ROLES |
|
| ROLLUP |
|
| ROW |
|
| ROWTS |
|
| RP |
|
| RSHIFT |
|
| RSMA |
|
| RSMAS |
|
| RIGHT |
|
| ROLLUP |
|
| ROW |
|
| ROWTS |
|
| RP |
|
| RSHIFT |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| S3MIGRATE |
|
| SCHEMALESS |
|
| SCORES |
|
| SELECT |
|
| SEMI |
|
| SERVER_STATUS |
|
| SERVER_VERSION |
|
| SESSION |
|
| SESSION_PER_USER |
3.4.0.0+ |
| SHA |
3.4.0.3+ |
| SHA1 |
3.4.0.3+ |
| SHA2 |
3.4.0.3+ |
| SET |
|
| SHOW |
|
| SINGLE_STABLE |
|
| SLASH |
|
| SLIDING |
|
| SLIMIT |
|
| SMA |
|
| SMALLINT |
|
| SM4_DECRYPT |
3.4.0.3+ |
| SM4_ENCRYPT |
3.4.0.3+ |
| SMIGRATE |
|
| SNODE |
|
| SNODES |
|
| SOFFSET |
|
| SOME |
3.4.1.0+ |
| SPLIT |
|
| SS_CHUNKPAGES |
|
| SS_COMPACT |
|
| SS_KEEPLOCAL |
|
| SSMIGRATE |
|
| SSMIGRATES |
|
| STABLE |
|
| STABLES |
|
| STAR |
|
| START |
|
| STATE |
|
| STATE_WINDOW |
|
| STATEMENT |
|
| STOP |
|
| STORAGE |
|
| STREAM |
|
| STREAMS |
|
| STRICT |
|
| STRING |
|
| STT_TRIGGER |
|
| SUBSCRIBE |
|
| SUBSCRIPTIONS |
|
| SUBSTR |
|
| SUBSTRING |
|
| SUBTABLE |
3.0.0.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| SVR_KEY |
|
| SYSINFO |
|
| SYSTEM |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| TABLE |
|
| TABLE_PREFIX |
|
| TABLE_SUFFIX |
|
| TABLES |
|
| TAG |
|
| TAGS |
|
| TBNAME |
|
| THEN |
|
| TIMES |
|
| TIMESTAMP |
|
| TIMEZONE |
|
| TINYINT |
|
| TO |
|
| TO_BASE64 |
3.4.0.3+ |
| TODAY |
|
| TOKEN |
3.4.0.0+ |
| TOKENS |
3.4.0.0+ |
| TOPIC |
|
| TOPICS |
|
| TOTP_SECRET |
3.4.0.0+ |
| TRAILING |
|
| TRANSACTION |
|
| TRANSACTIONS |
|
| TRIGGER |
3.0.0.0 - 3.3.7.0 |
| TRIM |
|
| TRUE_FOR |
3.3.6.0+ |
| TSDB_PAGESIZE |
|
| TSERIES |
|
| TSMA |
|
| TSMAS |
|
| TTL |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| UNION |
|
| UNSAFE |
|
| UNLOCK |
|
| UNSIGNED |
|
| UNTREATED |
|
| UPDATE |
|
| USE |
|
| USER |
|
| USERS |
|
| USING |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| VALUE |
|
| VALUE_F |
|
| VALUES |
|
| VARBINARY |
|
| VARCHAR |
|
| VARIABLE |
|
| VTABLE |
|
| VTABLES |
|
| VARIABLES |
|
| VERBOSE |
|
| VGROUP |
|
| VGROUPS |
|
| VIEW |
|
| VIEWS |
|
| VIRTUAL |
|
| VNODE |
|
| VNODE_PER_CALL |
3.4.0.0+ |
| VNODES |
|
| VTABLE |
|
| VTABLES |
|
| Keyword |
Description |
| WAL |
|
| WAL_FSYNC_PERIOD |
|
| WAL_LEVEL |
|
| WAL_RETENTION_PERIOD |
|
| WAL_RETENTION_SIZE |
|
| WAL_ROLL_PERIOD |
|
| WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE |
|
| WATERMARK |
|
| WDURATION |
|
| WEND |
|
| WHEN |
|
| WHERE |
|
| WINDOW |
|
| WINDOW_CLOSE |
|
| WINDOW_OFFSET |
|
| WINDOW_OPEN |
3.3.7.0+ |
| WITH |
|
| WRITE |
|
| WSTART |
|
- _C0
- _IROWTS
- _QDURATION
- _QEND
- _QSTART
- _ROWTS
- _WDURATION
- _WEND
- _WSTART