diff --git a/spec.html b/spec.html
index 9eb1d1153d..8bde1aa5c8 100644
--- a/spec.html
+++ b/spec.html
@@ -32580,7 +32580,7 @@ <h1>Date Objects</h1>
 
     <emu-clause id="sec-overview-of-date-objects-and-definitions-of-abstract-operations">
       <h1>Overview of Date Objects and Definitions of Abstract Operations</h1>
-      <p>The following abstract operations operate on time values (defined in <emu-xref href="#sec-time-values-and-time-range"></emu-xref>). Note that, in every case, if any argument to one of these functions is *NaN*, the result will be *NaN*.</p>
+      <p>The following abstract operations operate on time values and local-offset time values. Note that, in every case, if any argument to one of these functions is *NaN*, the result will be *NaN*.</p>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-time-values-and-time-range">
         <h1>Time Values and Time Range</h1>
@@ -32589,6 +32589,12 @@ <h1>Time Values and Time Range</h1>
         <p>Time values do not account for UTC leap seconds—there are no time values representing instants within positive leap seconds, and there are time values representing instants removed from the UTC timeline by negative leap seconds. However, the definition of time values nonetheless yields piecewise alignment with UTC, with discontinuities only at leap second boundaries and zero difference outside of leap seconds.</p>
         <p>A Number can exactly represent all integers from -9,007,199,254,740,992 to 9,007,199,254,740,992 (<emu-xref href="#sec-number.min_safe_integer"></emu-xref> and <emu-xref href="#sec-number.max_safe_integer"></emu-xref>). A time value supports a slightly smaller range of -8,640,000,000,000,000 to 8,640,000,000,000,000 milliseconds. This yields a supported time value range of exactly -100,000,000 days to 100,000,000 days relative to midnight at the beginning of 1 January 1970 UTC.</p>
         <p>The exact moment of midnight at the beginning of 1 January 1970 UTC is represented by the time value *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub>.</p>
+        <p>An ECMAScript <dfn variants="local-offset time values">local-offset time value</dfn> is a time value adjusted by a time zone offset that is an integer number of milliseconds in the interval from -86,400,000 (exclusive) to 86,400,000 (exclusive). A local-offset time value represents a local date and time of day, specifically the UTC date and time of day corresponding an identical time value, ignoring range limits. For example, a local-offset time value of *60000*<sub>𝔽</sub> represents time of day 00:01 on 1 January 1970, and could equivalently come from any of the following:</p>
+        <ul>
+          <li>local offset +00:00 = *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> at epoch time 1970-01-01T00:01Z = *60000*<sub>𝔽</sub></li>
+          <li>local offset +01:00 = *3600000*<sub>𝔽</sub> at epoch time 1969-12-31T23:01Z = 𝔽(-msPerHour + 60000) = *-3540000*<sub>𝔽</sub></li>
+          <li>local offset -05:00 = 𝔽(-5 × msPerHour) = *-18000000*<sub>𝔽</sub> at epoch time 1970-01-01T05:01Z = 𝔽(5 × msPerHour + 60000) = *18060000*<sub>𝔽</sub></li>
+        </ul>
         <emu-note>
           <p>In the proleptic Gregorian calendar, leap years are precisely those which are both divisible by 4 and either divisible by 400 or not divisible by 100.</p>
           <p>The 400 year cycle of the proleptic Gregorian calendar contains 97 leap years. This yields an average of 365.2425 days per year, which is 31,556,952,000 milliseconds. Therefore, the maximum range a Number could represent exactly with millisecond precision is approximately -285,426 to 285,426 years relative to 1970. The smaller range supported by a time value as specified in this section is approximately -273,790 to 273,790 years relative to 1970.</p>
@@ -32610,7 +32616,7 @@ <h1>Time-related Constants</h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-day" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-Day,sec-day-number-and-time-within-day">
         <h1>
           Day (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32625,7 +32631,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-timewithinday" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-TimeWithinDay">
         <h1>
           TimeWithinDay (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> (inclusive) to msPerDay (exclusive)
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32695,7 +32701,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-yearfromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-YearFromTime">
         <h1>
           YearFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32710,7 +32716,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-daywithinyear" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-DayWithinYear">
         <h1>
           DayWithinYear (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *365*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32723,7 +32729,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-inleapyear" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-InLeapYear">
         <h1>
           InLeapYear (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> or *1*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32738,7 +32744,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-monthfromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-MonthFromTime,sec-month-number">
         <h1>
           MonthFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *11*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32767,7 +32773,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-datefromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="sec-date-number">
         <h1>
           DateFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *1*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *31*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32797,7 +32803,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-weekday" type="abstract operation" oldids="sec-week-day">
         <h1>
           WeekDay (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *6*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32812,7 +32818,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-hourfromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-HourFromTime,sec-hours-minutes-second-and-milliseconds">
         <h1>
           HourFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *23*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32827,7 +32833,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-minfromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-MinFromTime">
         <h1>
           MinFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *59*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32842,7 +32848,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-secfromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-SecFromTime">
         <h1>
           SecFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *59*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32857,7 +32863,7 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-msfromtime" type="abstract operation" oldids="eqn-msFromTime">
         <h1>
           msFromTime (
-            _t_: a finite time value,
+            _t_: a finite local-offset time value,
           ): an integral Number in the inclusive interval from *+0*<sub>𝔽</sub> to *999*<sub>𝔽</sub>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
@@ -32966,7 +32972,7 @@ <h1>
           GetNamedTimeZoneOffsetNanoseconds (
             _timeZoneIdentifier_: a String,
             _epochNanoseconds_: a BigInt,
-          ): an integer
+          ): an integer in the exclusive interval from -8.64 × 10<sup>13</sup> to 8.64 × 10<sup>13</sup>
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
         </dl>
@@ -33069,7 +33075,7 @@ <h1>SystemTimeZoneIdentifier ( ): a String</h1>
         <h1>
           LocalTime (
             _t_: a finite time value,
-          ): an integral Number
+          ): a local-offset time value
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
           <dt>description</dt>
@@ -33094,7 +33100,7 @@ <h1>
           <p>It is required for time zone aware implementations (and recommended for all others) to use the time zone information of the IANA Time Zone Database <a href="https://www.iana.org/time-zones/">https://www.iana.org/time-zones/</a>.</p>
         </emu-note>
         <emu-note>
-          <p>Two different input time values <emu-eqn>_t_<sub>UTC</sub></emu-eqn> are converted to the same local time <emu-eqn>t<sub>local</sub></emu-eqn> at a negative time zone transition when there are repeated times (e.g. the daylight saving time ends or the time zone adjustment is decreased.).</p>
+          <p>Two different input time values <emu-eqn>_t_<sub>UTC</sub></emu-eqn> are converted to the same local-offset time value <emu-eqn>t<sub>local</sub></emu-eqn> at a negative time zone transition when there are repeated times (e.g. the daylight saving time ends or the time zone adjustment is decreased.).</p>
           <p><emu-eqn>LocalTime(UTC(_t_<sub>local</sub>))</emu-eqn> is not necessarily always equal to <emu-eqn>_t_<sub>local</sub></emu-eqn>. Correspondingly, <emu-eqn>UTC(LocalTime(_t_<sub>UTC</sub>))</emu-eqn> is not necessarily always equal to <emu-eqn>_t_<sub>UTC</sub></emu-eqn>.</p>
         </emu-note>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -33114,6 +33120,7 @@ <h1>
         </dl>
         <emu-alg>
           1. If _t_ is not finite, return *NaN*.
+          1. If abs(ℝ(_t_)) ≥ 8.64 × 10<sup>15</sup> + ℝ(msPerDay), return *NaN*.
           1. Let _systemTimeZoneIdentifier_ be SystemTimeZoneIdentifier().
           1. If IsTimeZoneOffsetString(_systemTimeZoneIdentifier_) is *true*, then
             1. Let _offsetNs_ be ParseTimeZoneOffsetString(_systemTimeZoneIdentifier_).
@@ -33131,7 +33138,7 @@ <h1>
           1. Return _t_ - 𝔽(_offsetMs_).
         </emu-alg>
         <p>
-          Input _t_ is nominally a time value but may be any Number value.
+          Input _t_ is nominally a local-offset time value but may be any Number value.
           The algorithm must not limit _t_ to the time value range, so that inputs corresponding with a boundary of the time value range can be supported regardless of local UTC offset.
           For example, the maximum time value is 8.64 × 10<sup>15</sup>, corresponding with *"+275760-09-13T00:00:00Z"*.
           In an environment where the local time zone offset is ahead of UTC by 1 hour at that instant, it is represented by the larger input of 8.64 × 10<sup>15</sup> + 3.6 × 10<sup>6</sup>, corresponding with *"+275760-09-13T01:00:00+01:00"*.
@@ -33160,7 +33167,7 @@ <h1>
             _min_: a Number,
             _sec_: a Number,
             _ms_: a Number,
-          ): a Number
+          ): an integral Number or *NaN*
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
           <dt>description</dt>
@@ -33185,7 +33192,7 @@ <h1>
             _year_: a Number,
             _month_: a Number,
             _date_: a Number,
-          ): a Number
+          ): an integral Number or *NaN*
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
           <dt>description</dt>
@@ -33207,9 +33214,9 @@ <h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-makedate" type="abstract operation">
         <h1>
           MakeDate (
-            _day_: a Number,
-            _time_: a Number,
-          ): a Number
+            _day_: an integral Number or *NaN*,
+            _time_: an integral Number or *NaN*,
+          ): an integral Number or *NaN*
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
           <dt>description</dt>
@@ -33245,7 +33252,7 @@ <h1>
         <h1>
           TimeClip (
             _time_: a Number,
-          ): a Number
+          ): a time value
         </h1>
         <dl class="header">
           <dt>description</dt>
@@ -33501,7 +33508,7 @@ <h1>
           <h1>
             ParseTimeZoneOffsetString (
               _offsetString_: a String,
-            ): an integer
+            ): an integer in the exclusive interval from -8.64 × 10<sup>13</sup> to 8.64 × 10<sup>13</sup>
           </h1>
           <dl class="header">
             <dt>description</dt>