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UNIX license agreements

License revision Licensor Licensee Effective Signed
Software-Univ.—020173 Western University of California, Berkeley 1973-12-01 1974-02-11
Software-Univ.—020173-122073 Western partial copy (pages 2–6) - -
Software-Univ.—020173-122073 Western partial copy (pages 2–4) - -
Software-Univ.—020173-060574 Western Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen 1974-12-01 1975-02-26
Software-Univ.—020173-060574 Western partial copy (page 1) - -
Software-Univ.—020173-121374 Western University of Manitoba 1975-02-01 -
Software-Univ.—020173-070176 Western partial copy (page 5) - -
Software-Univ.—020173-120176 Western Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 1977-09-01 1977-09-15
Software-Customer CPU—020176-010180 Western partial copy (pages 1,3,5,6) - -
Software-Customer CPU—020176-090180 Western partial copy (page 4) - -
Software-Customer CPU—052776-090180 Western specimen copy - -
Software-Corp.—020173-010182 ? partial copy (pages 4,6,7) - -
Software-Corp.—020173-020182 AT&T specimen copy - -
Sys. V-Ed.-040183 AT&T University of California 1983-07-01 1984-08-15

The second date component in the license revision is the date it was last revised, the effective date is written on the title page, and the signed date is the date of the last signature.

Price lists:

  • 1983-09-01 Educational: System V, System III, 32V, V7, PWB 1.0
  • 1984-02-24 Commercial and Educational: System V Release 2.0, BASIC, MC68000 software generation system, Documenter's Workbench, Writer's Workbench, "S" statistical software, Instructional Workbench, Teletype 5620, C, Fortran, Phototypesetter Programmer's Workbench, Phototypesetter V7, Independent TROFF

TODO: Replace ASCII quotes with typographic quotes, where appropriate.

TODO:

Berkeley 1973

"SOFTWARE AGREEMENT between WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED and THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Effective as of December 1, 1973"

Source: "AT&T/Regents Collection 1973-1999 Raises the Question: What Unix Copyrights Does Novell Own?"
Pamela Jones, Groklaw, 1 June 2011

Mirrored on the Internet Archive.

Effective on 1 December 1973, signed by Western on 16 January 1974 and by Berkeley on 7 February 1974. No cost.

The provided components are:

UNIX time sharing operating system computer program and supporting programs and documentation consisting of the following:

  1. a first reel of 9 track 800 bpi magnetic tape supplied by LICENSEE in required length on which the following will be recorded:
    1. Binary object code of the UNIX core resident operating system;
    2. Source program code;
    3. User's manual.
  2. a second reel of 9 track 800 bpi magnetic tape supplied by LICENSEE in required length on which the binary object code of the supporting programs will be recorded.
  3. printed documentation:
    1. UNIX programmer's manual;
    2. Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. technical memorandum entitled NROFF User's Manual;
    3. C reference manual;
    4. UNIX assembler reference manual.

[page 5]

Nijmegen 1974

"SOFTWARE AGREEMENT between WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED and KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT Effective as of December 1, 1974"

Source: "Old licenses and prices"
Dennis Ritchie, 2003

Mirrored on the Internet Archive.

Effective on 1 December 1974, signed by Western on 26 February 1975 and by Nijmegen on 6 February 1975. The cost was $150.

The provided components are the same as Berkeley's license.

Signed by Dick Shahpazian, Director of Patent Licensing, and Dr. C.J.M. Aarts.

Described by Dennis Ritchie:

Prof. Karl Kleine at Fachhochschule Jena in Germany found and scanned some documents relating to the distribution of early versions of Unix, and kindly made them available.

The first (in PDF form) is the license issued to Katholieke Universiteit in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in December 1974. They were one of the early educational users, and probably the same license was used for all the educational organizations at that time. Despite the name of the file, from the date of the contract, the license probably refers to the Fifth Edition system; the Sixth Edition manual is dated May, 1975. It's quite possible, however, that it was the 6th Edition that was actually delivered.

The license is full of boilerplate, but probably the important operative clause is that of 4.05, which effectively allows free use within the university, provided the users do not disclose outside the organization. Section 2.01 grants use "for educational and academic purposes only;" 4.05 requires the licensee not to disclose the software "or methods and concepts utilized therein," to anyone except employees or students as necessary for purposes granted. I believe that the wording allowed John Lions to teach his Unix course and prepare his famous Unix commentary, but that the terms were tightened up later to be more restrictive by the time of the Seventh Edition. However, I understand that the restriction against disclosing methods or concepts (as distinct from actual source code) caused ill-ease to some university lawyers. This restriction was indeed a bit peculiar: the concepts had already been published, for example in the C. ACM paper.

This license was royalty-free, but there was a $150 administrative fee.

Manitoba 1975

"SOFTWARE AGREEMENT between WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED and THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA Effective as of February 1, 1975"

Source: University of Waterloo Archives, accession GA133 - J. Wesley Graham fonds, 1946-1999, file 1529 UNIX, 1974-1977.

Leuven 1977

"SOFTWARE AGREEMENT between WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED and KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN Effective as of September 1, 1977"

Source: "Computer museum: ATT Unix licence"
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Departement Computerwetenschappen
Revised 23 May 2015

Mirrored on the Internet Archive.

Effective from 1 September 1977, signed by Western on 1 September 1977 and by Leuven on 15 September 1977. The cost was $190.

This is the Unix licence signed by K.U.Leuven in September 1977. It allows the K.U.Leuven to run Unix V6 (version 6) on the PDP 11/45 of the Unité d'Informatique of the Université Catholique de Louvain. (At that time we did not have a PDP to run Unix.

This licence was later extended for Unix V7 and Unix System V and to run Unix on our own machines.

The first pages of the licence are mostly legaleze and only the first two pages and the signatures can be found here.

The appendix did contain every file/program covered by the licence. The first two pages contain a list of the contents of /bin, /etc, /usr/bin and /usr/games.

Only some pages are available.

Specimen 1982

Source: "AT&T UNIX License Specimens (1982)"
segaloco, Internet Archive, 2024

TODO: Transcribe other licenses in this item

Berkeley 1983

Source: "AT&T-Regents of the U. of California -- The 1983 Educational License - PDF and text"
Pamela Jones, Groklaw, 7 November 2004

TODO: Finish transcribing

Price lists 1983, 1984

  • "AT&T International UNIX System V and Add On Applications Prices", February 24, 1984
  • "Software List for UNIX System V", September 1, 1983

Source: "Old licenses and prices"
Dennis Ritchie, 2003