added references about python's current status

Author: thomasWeise

bookbase

@@ -201,10 +201,21 @@
 Using \pglspl{typeHint} together with type checking would have prevented the problems in \cref{lst:variables:types_wrong} from the start.
 Either, its author would have discovered the mistake of computing a \pythonil{float} value instead of an \pythonil{int}.
 Or they would have more clearly communicated their intention by marking the variable to either hold an \pythonil{int} or a \pythonil{float}.
-And this comes at no cost at all when executing the program, because \pglspl{typeHint} are only checked by programmers and tools, but not by the interpreter.
+And this comes at no cost at all when executing the program, because \pglspl{typeHint} are only checked by programmers and tools, but not by the interpreter.%
 %
 \bestPractice{typeHints}{Always use \pglspl{typeHint}.}%
 %
+There are good reasons for always using \pglspl{typeHint}.
+While not specifying variable types is very convenient, it comes at a high cost:%
+%
+\quotation{J2025TIFJ2JHPITPLOTY2}{\python's only serious drawbacks are (and thus leaving room for competition) its lack of performance and \emph{that most errors occur run-time}.}%
+%
+Type-related errors are one category of mistakes that will become visible only at runtime.
+At the same time, these are errors that can relatively easily be discovered during code analysis.
+They are \emph{much} easier to detect than logical flaws in the program code.
+Compilers in \pgls{C} or \pgls{Java} would never permit assignments of mismatched datatypes.
+With \pglspl{typeHint} and static type checkers like \mypy, we can bring this functionality to \python.%
+%
 \gitPython{\programmingWithPythonCodeRepo}{variables/variable_types_hints.py}{--args format}{variables:types_hints}{%
 A variant of \cref{lst:variables:types} which has been improved by adding type annotations.}%
 %

text/main/basics/variables/typesAndTypeHints/typesAndTypeHints.tex

@@ -14,16 +14,25 @@
 First, \python\ is one of the most successful and widely used programming languages~\cite{CBST2024LOHPPTDDSAMLA}.
 We plot the number of pushes to \github\ over time for the most popular programming and web development languages in \cref{fig:languagesByGithubPushes}.
 We find that \python\ became the leading languages at some point in~2018.
-\python\ is intensely used~\cite{CBST2024LOHPPTDDSAMLA} in the fields of \pgls{AI}~\cite{RN2022AIAMA}, \pgls{ML}~\cite{SSBD2014UMLFTTA}, and \pgls{DS}~\cite{G2019DSFSFPWP} as well as optimization, which are among the most important areas of future technology.
+In the TIOBE index, which counts the number of hits when searching for a programming language using major search engines, \python\ ranked one in January 2025 and was named the programming language of the year for~2024~\cite{J2025TIFJ2JHPITPLOTY2}.%
+%
+\quotation{J2025TIFJ2JHPITPLOTY2}{\python\ is everywhere nowadays, and it is the undisputed default language of choice in many fields.}%
+%
 If you will do programming in any future employment or research position, chances are that \python\ knowledge will be useful.
+According to the 2024 annual Stack Overflow survey~\cite{Y2025DWMMMT2RFSOADS}, \python\ was the second most popular programming language, after \pgls{javascript} and HTML/CSS.
+In \github's Octoverse Report from October~2024~\cite{GS2024OALPTTLATNOGDS}, \python\ is named the most popular programming language, ranking right before \pgls{javascript}.
+
+Second, \python\ is intensely used~\cite{CBST2024LOHPPTDDSAMLA} in the fields of \pgls{AI}~\cite{RN2022AIAMA}, \pgls{ML}~\cite{SSBD2014UMLFTTA}, and \pgls{DS}~\cite{G2019DSFSFPWP} as well as optimization, which are among the most important areas of future technology.
+Indeed, the aforementioned Octoverse report~\cite{GS2024OALPTTLATNOGDS} states that the use in soft computing is one of the drivers of \python's popularity.
 
-Second, there exists a very large set of powerful libraries supporting both research and application development in these fields, including \numpy~\cite{HMvdWGVCWTBSKPHvKBHFdRWPGMSRWAGO2020APWN,DBvR2024ITN,J2018NPSCADSAWNSAM}, \pandas~\cite{B2012DPWP,L2024PW}, \scikitlearn~\cite{PVGMTGBPWDVPCBPD2011SMLIP,RLM2022MLWPAS}, \scipy~\cite{VGOHRCBPWBvdWBWMMNJKLCPFMVLPCHQHARPvMS2020SFAFSCIP,J2018NPSCADSAWNSAM}, \tensorflow~\cite{ABCCDDDGIIKLMMMSTVWWYZ2016TASFLSML,L2023TDDBTADMLMWT}, \pytorch~\cite{PGMLBCKLGADKYDRTCSFBC2019PAISHPDLL,RLM2022MLWPAS}, \matplotlib~\cite{H2007MA2GE,P2021HOMLPAVWP,J2018NPSCADSAWNSAM}, \simpy~\cite{Z2024DESIEWS}, and \moptipy~\cite{WW2023RSDEWASSAA}\footnote{Yes, I list \moptipy\ here, next to very well-known and widely-used frameworks, because I am its developer.}, just to name a few.
+Third, there exists a very large set of powerful libraries supporting both research and application development in these fields, including \numpy~\cite{HMvdWGVCWTBSKPHvKBHFdRWPGMSRWAGO2020APWN,DBvR2024ITN,J2018NPSCADSAWNSAM}, \pandas~\cite{B2012DPWP,L2024PW}, \scikitlearn~\cite{PVGMTGBPWDVPCBPD2011SMLIP,RLM2022MLWPAS}, \scipy~\cite{VGOHRCBPWBvdWBWMMNJKLCPFMVLPCHQHARPvMS2020SFAFSCIP,J2018NPSCADSAWNSAM}, \tensorflow~\cite{ABCCDDDGIIKLMMMSTVWWYZ2016TASFLSML,L2023TDDBTADMLMWT}, \pytorch~\cite{PGMLBCKLGADKYDRTCSFBC2019PAISHPDLL,RLM2022MLWPAS}, \matplotlib~\cite{H2007MA2GE,P2021HOMLPAVWP,J2018NPSCADSAWNSAM}, \simpy~\cite{Z2024DESIEWS}, and \moptipy~\cite{WW2023RSDEWASSAA}\footnote{Yes, I list \moptipy\ here, next to very well-known and widely-used frameworks, because I am its developer.}, just to name a few.
 This means that for many tasks, you can find suitable and efficient \python\ libraries that support your work.
 
-Third, \python\ is very easy to learn~\cite{GPBS2006WCTIPIHSUP,VR1999CPFERPASEFTPOT}.
+Fourth and finally, \python\ is very easy to learn~\cite{GPBS2006WCTIPIHSUP,VR1999CPFERPASEFTPOT}.
 It has a simple and clean syntax and enforces a readable structure of programs.
 Programmers do not need to declare datatypes explicitly\footnote{at least during the first steps of learning}.
 \python\ has expressive built-in types likes lists, tuples, and dictionaries.
+Thus, \python\ was also named the language most popular for those who want to learn how to code in the aforementioned Stack Overflow survey~\cite{Y2025DWMMMT2RFSOADS}.
 %
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