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Validation of 3D primitives according to the international standard ISO 19107.
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Its main aim is the 3D primitives of GML (`<gml:Solid>`, `<gml:CompositeSurface>`, or `<gml:MultiSurface>`), but it can be used to validate any 3D primitive.
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The 3D primitives of GML (`<gml:Solid>`, `<gml:CompositeSurface>`, or `<gml:MultiSurface>`) are what it was built for, but it can be used to validate any 3D primitive, also in other formats.
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It accepts as input any GML files (or one of the formats built upon it, such as CityGML), OBJ, OFF, and [POLY](http://wias-berlin.de/software/tetgen/1.5/doc/manual/manual006.html#ff_poly).
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It simply scans the file looking for the 3D primitives and validates these according to the rules in ISO19107 (all the rest is ignored).
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In a OBJ/OFF/STL file, each primitive will be validated according to the ISO 19107 rules.
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For `Solids`, the validation is performed hierarchically, ie first every polygon (embedded in 3D) is validated (by projecting it to a 2D plane and using [GEOS](http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/)), then every shell is validated (must be watertight, no self-intersections, orientation of the normals must be consistent and pointing outwards, etc), and finally the interactions between the shells are analysed.
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This means that if a polygon of your solid is not valid, the validator will report that error but will *not* continue the validation (to avoid "cascading" errors).
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For `MultiSurfaces`, only the validation of the individual polygons is performed, ie are they valid according to the 2D rules, and are they planar?
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Most of the details are available in this scientific article:
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Most of the details are available in this scientific article, (if you use val3dity for scientific purposes please cite this article):
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> Ledoux, Hugo (2013). On the validation of solids represented with the
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international standards for geographic information. *Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering*, 28(9):693-706. [[PDF]](https://3d.bk.tudelft.nl/hledoux/pdfs/13_cacaie.pdf)[[DOI]](http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mice.12043)
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## Web application
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If you're running Windows and/or you don't want to go through the troubles of compiling, we suggest you use the [web application](http://geovalidation.bk.tudelft.nl/val3dity).
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If you're you don't want to go through the troubles of compiling and/or installing val3dity, we suggest you use the [web application](http://geovalidation.bk.tudelft.nl/val3dity).
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You upload your file to our server and get a validation report back.
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We delete the file as soon as it has been validated.
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However, a file is limited to 50MB.
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It is a command-line program, which we provide as source code, with CMake.
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It's trivial to compile under Mac and Linux.
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For Windows, we do not offer binaries at this moment, but compiling it is possible with the CMake.
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[For Windows, we do offer an executable](https://github.com/tudelft3d/val3dity/releases).
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To compile val3dity yourself, you first need to install the following free libraries:
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## Options for validating
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It is possible to define 2 tolerances for the planarity of surfaces with the flags
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It is possible to define 2 tolerances for the planarity of surfaces with the flags:
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1.`--planarity_d2s` the distance between every point forming a surface and a plane is less than a given tolerance (eg 1cm, which is the default).
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1.`--planarity_n` the surface is triangulated and the normal of each triangle must not deviate more than than a certain usef-defined tolerance (eg 1 degree, which is the default).
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Similarly, the input points in a GML files are snapped together using a tolerance, which can be changed with `--snap_tolerance` (default is 1mm)
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Similarly, the input points in a GML files are snapped together using a tolerance, which can be changed with `--snap_tolerance` (default is 1mm).
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## Error reported
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(a description of each error is available [here](https://github.com/tudelft3d/val3dity/blob/master/errors_description/errors_description.md))
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