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‎experiment/aim.md‎

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#### To study the characteristics of multi-hole directional coupler by measuring the following parameters: coupling factor and directivity of coupler.
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#### To study the Characteristics of Directional Coupler.

‎experiment/contributors.md‎

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| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
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| 1 | Prof. RS Anand | anandfee@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Professor |
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### Person Associated in the Lab Developement
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### Person Associated in the Lab Development
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| SNo. | Name | Email | Institute | Position |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| 1 | Rajeev Kumar | rajeevkumar.rke@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Senior Research Fellow |
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| 2 | Pragya Daksh | prgdaksh@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Project Associate |
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| 3 | Nipun jain | nipunjain1305@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Project Associate |
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| 3 | Nipun Jain | nipunjain1305@gmail.com | IIT Roorkee | Project Associate |

‎experiment/details.json‎

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"details": [
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{
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"Experiment": "To Study the Characteristics of Multi-hole Directional Coupler by Measuring the Following Parameters: Coupling Factor and Directivity of Coupler.",
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"Experiment": "Directional Coupler Characteristics",
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"Lab": "Microwave Engineering",
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"Discipline": "",
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"Technology": "HTML, JavaScript, CSS"
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}
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],
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"contributer": [
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"contributor": [
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{
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"Contributer": "Rajeev Kumar",
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"Contributor": "Rajeev Kumar",
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"Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",
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"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"
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},
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{
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"Contributer": "Nipun Jain",
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"Contributor": "Nipun Jain",
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"Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",
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"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"
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},
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{
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"Contributer": "Piyush Rawat",
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"Contributor": "Piyush Rawat",
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"Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",
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"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"
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},
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{
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"Contributer": "Pragya Daksh",
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"Contributor": "Pragya Daksh",
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"Institute": "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee",
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"InstituteAcronym": "IITR"
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}

‎experiment/experiment-name.md‎

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## To Study the Characteristics of Multi-hole Directional Coupler by Measuring the Following Parameters: Coupling Factor and Directivity of Coupler.
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## Directional Coupler Characteristics.

‎experiment/postest.md‎

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<b>D back end of the secondary</b>
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<br>
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Q4. How high a frequency can transistor generate?<br>
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Q4.For coupled line coupler, if the voltage coupling factor is 0.1 and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 50 Ω, even mode characteristic impedance is-<br>
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<b>A above 10 GHz</b>
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B above 5 GHz
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C above 2 GHz
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D above 7.8 GHz
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A 50.23 Ω
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<b>B 55.28 Ω</b>
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C 100 Ω
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D 80.8 Ω
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<br>
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Q5. Coupling factor of a directional coupler must be maximum and is a key factor that determines the performance of the coupler.<br>

‎experiment/posttest.json‎

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[{"question":"The main disadvantage of the two hole directional coupler is","answers":{"a":"low directional coupling","b":"poor directivity","c":"high standing wave ratio","d":"narrow bandwidth"},"correctAnswer":"d"},
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{"question":"In a directional coupler","answers":{"a":"isolation (dB) equals coupling plus directivity","b":"coupling (dB) equals isolation plus directivity","c":"directivity (dB) equals isolation plus coupling","d":"isolation (dB) equals (coupling) (directivity)"},"correctAnswer":"a"},
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{"question":"Where is the resistive load placed in a directional coupler?","answers":{"a":"front end of the primary","b":"front end of the secondary","c":"back end of the primary","d":"back end of the secondary"},"correctAnswer":"d"},
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{"question":"How high a frequency can transistor generate?","answers":{"a":"above 10 GHz","b":"above 5 GHz","c":"above 2 GHz","d":"above 7.8 GHz"},"correctAnswer":"a"},
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{"question":"For coupled line coupler, if the voltage coupling factor is 0.1 and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 50 Ω, even mode characteristic impedance is-","answers":{"a":"50.23 Ω","b":"55.28 Ω","c":"100 Ω","d":"80.8 Ω"},"correctAnswer":"b"},
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{"question":"Coupling factor of a directional coupler must be maximum and is a key factor that determines the performance of the coupler.","answers":{"a":"True","b":"False"},"correctAnswer":"a"}]
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‎experiment/pretest.json‎

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[{"question":"What are limits of microwaves?","answers":{"a":"1 – 25,000 GHz","b":"1 – 50,000 GHz","c":"1 – 75,000 GHz","d":"1 – 100,000 GHz"},"correctAnswer":"d"},
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{"question":"How much must a waveguide be?","answers":{"a":"over a half-wave","b":"over a quarter-wave","c":"over a wavelength","d":"over three-fourths of a wavelength"},"correctAnswer":"a"},
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{"question":"Which microwave tube has a repeller?","answers":{"a":"TWT","b":"Klystron","c":"Magnetron","d":"BWO"},"correctAnswer":"b"},
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{"question":"________ is the main advantage of a microwave.","answers":{"a":"frequency multiplier","b":"Moves at the speed of light","c":"Highly directive","d":"High penetration power"},"correctAnswer":"c"},
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{"question":"______ principle does Klystron operates","answers":{"a":"Velocity Modulation","b":"Pulse Modulation","c":"Frequency Modulation","d":"Amplitude Modulation"},"correctAnswer":"a"}]
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[{"question":"The number of ports in Directional Coupler are","answers":{"a":"One","b":"Two","c":"Three","d":"Four"},"correctAnswer":"d"},
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{"question":"An ideal directional coupler has _______ directivity, and _______ insertion loss.","answers":{"a":"Infinity, Zero","b":"Zero, Zero ","c":"Infinity, Infinity","d":"Zero, Infinity"},"correctAnswer":"c"},
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{"question":"In coupled line directional couplers, power from one line to another is transmitted through a microstrip line running between them.","answers":{"a":"True","b":"False"},"correctAnswer":"b"},
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{"question":"The addition of more holes to a two-hole directional coupler leads to better ________ range and directivity.","answers":{"a":"Distance","b":"Sensitivity","c":"Frequency","d":"Dynamic"},"correctAnswer":"c"},
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{"question":"The output power at the isolated port of a directional coupler is zero.","answers":{"a":"True","b":"False"},"correctAnswer":"a"}]

‎experiment/pretest.md‎

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#### Please attempt the following questions
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Q1. What are limits of microwaves?<br>
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Q1. The number of ports in Directional Coupler are<br>
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A 1 – 25,000 GHz
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B 1 – 50,000 GHz
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C 1 – 75,000 GHz
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<b>D 1 – 100,000 GHz</b>
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A One
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B Two
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C Three
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<b>D Four</b>
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<br>
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Q2. How much must a waveguide be?<br>
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Q2. An ideal directional coupler has _______ directivity, and _______ insertion loss.<br>
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<b>A over a half-wave</b>
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B over a quarter-wave
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C over a wavelength
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D over three-fourths of a wavelength
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A Infinity, Zero
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B Zero, Zero
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<b>C Infinity, Infinity</b>
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D Zero, Infinity
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<br>
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Q3. Which microwave tube has a repeller?<br>
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Q3. In coupled line directional couplers, power from one line to another is transmitted through a microstrip line running between them.<br>
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A TWT
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<b>B Klystron</b>
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C Magnetron
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D BWO
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A True
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<b>B False</b>
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<br>
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Q4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the main advantage of a microwave.<br>
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Q4. The addition of more holes to a two-hole directional coupler leads to better ________ range and directivity.<br>
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A Frequency multiplier
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B Moves at the speed of light
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<b>C Highly directive</b>
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D High penetration power
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A Distance
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B Sensitivity
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<b>C Frequency</b>
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D Dynamic
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<br>
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Q5. \_\_\_\_\_\_ principle does Klystron operates<br>
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Q5. The output power at the isolated port of a directional coupler is zero.<br>
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<b>A True</b>
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B False
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<b>A Velocity Modulation</b>
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B Pulse Modulation
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C Frequency Modulation
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D Amplitude Modulation
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‎experiment/references.md‎

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1. D M Pozar, "Microwave Engineering", John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed. 2012.
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2. Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, "Microwave Engineering", Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2000.
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3. Michael Steer, "Microwave and RF Design", Scitech Publishing, 2nd Ed. 2013.
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1. D M Pozar, "Microwave Engineering", John Wiley & Sons, 3<sup>rd</sup> Ed. 2012.
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2. Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, "Microwave Engineering", Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2000.
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3. Michael Steer, "Microwave and RF Design", Scitech Publishing, 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. 2013.
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4. Thomas H. Lee, "Planar Microwave Engineering", Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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5. Directional coupler characteristics - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lOV4dgWyi4
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