Major Infrastructure Upgrade: LLVM 21, Opaque Pointers, and GUI Tooling (#291)

* feat: upgrade to LLVM 21, implement opaque pointer support, and add GUI build tool

This commit performs a major infrastructure upgrade to the LLVM backend,
transitioning to LLVM 21 (via Inkwell 0.8.0). The primary focus is the
implementation of "Opaque Pointer" safety, requiring explicit type
tracking throughout the codegen. It also introduces a graphical build
manager for the toolchain.

Changes:
- **LLVM Backend Upgrade**:
  - Upgraded Inkwell to 0.8.0 and LLVM-sys to 211.0.0.
  - Migrated from typed pointers to **Opaque Pointers**.
  - Updated all `build_load`, `build_store`, and `build_gep` calls to
    provide explicit LLVM types, as pointers no longer carry pointee
    information.
  - Refactored `address.rs` and `lvalue.rs` to infer Wave-level types
    during IR generation to ensure correct instruction emission.
- **Optimization & Codegen**:
  - Replaced the legacy `PassManagerBuilder` with the new LLVM **PassBuilder**,
    supporting modern optimization pipelines (e.g., `default<O3>`).
  - Improved aggregate handling in function calls with better size-based
    packing/unpacking and bitcasting.
  - Adjusted IO logic (`printf`/`scanf`) to manually track C-string
    status since LLVM `ptr` is now ambiguous.
- **Lexer Refactoring**:
  - Modularized the lexer by splitting logic into `core`, `cursor`,
    `trivia`, `literals`, `ident`, and `scan` modules.
  - Cleaned up internal imports and visibility.
- **Build System & Tooling**:
  - Added a Tkinter-based **GUI Build Manager** to `x.py` for managing
    targets and installations visually.
  - Improved cross-compilation support in `x.py` for `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu`
    targets from Linux hosts using MinGW LLVM prefixes.
  - Fixed target directory pathing in the backend.
- **Bug Fixes**:
  - Fixed type promotion for C varargs in `printf` (e.g., promoting small
    integers to `i32` and floats to `double`).

This update modernizes the compiler backend and prepares the architecture
for future LLVM versions while providing a more user-friendly build
interface.

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

* action update

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

---------

Signed-off-by: LunaStev <luna@lunastev.org>

Author: LunaStev

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install LLVM 14
+      - name: Install LLVM 21
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install llvm-14 llvm-14-dev clang-14 libclang-14-dev lld-14
-          sudo ln -s /usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/libLLVM-14.so /usr/lib/libllvm-14.so
-      - name: Set LLVM environment variables
-        run: |
-          export LLVM_SYS_140_PREFIX=/usr/lib/llvm-14
+          sudo apt-get install -y wget software-properties-common
+          wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
+          chmod +x llvm.sh
+          sudo ./llvm.sh 21
+
       - name: Build
         run: |
-          source ~/.bashrc
+          export LLVM_SYS_211_PREFIX=/usr/lib/llvm-21
           cargo clean
           cargo build --verbose
       - name: Run tests
@@ -37,32 +37,18 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install LLVM 14
+      - name: Install LLVM 21
         run: |
           brew update
-          brew install llvm@14
+          brew install llvm@21
 
-      - name: Set LLVM environment variables
+      - name: Set LLVM env
         run: |
-          if [ -d "/usr/local/opt/llvm@14" ]; then
-            echo "LLVM_SYS_140_PREFIX=/usr/local/opt/llvm@14" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "PATH=/usr/local/opt/llvm@14/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          else
-            echo "LLVM_SYS_140_PREFIX=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@14" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@14/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          fi
+          echo "LLVM_SYS_211_PREFIX=$(brew --prefix llvm@21)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LLVM_CONFIG_PATH=$(brew --prefix llvm@21)/bin/llvm-config" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Build
         run: cargo build --verbose
 
       - name: Run tests
         run: cargo test --verbose
-
-  build-windows:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Run Check
-        run: cargo check --verbose

front/lexer/src/lexer/core.rs front/lexer/src/core.rsfront/lexer/src/lexer/core.rs renamed to front/lexer/src/core.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
-use super::{Lexer};
+use crate::{Lexer};
 
 impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn is_at_end(&self) -> bool {

front/lexer/src/lexer/cursor.rs front/lexer/src/cursor.rsfront/lexer/src/lexer/cursor.rs renamed to front/lexer/src/cursor.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
 use crate::token::*;
-use super::{Lexer, Token};
+use crate::{Lexer, Token};
 
 impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn identifier(&mut self) -> String {

front/lexer/src/lexer/ident.rs front/lexer/src/ident.rsfront/lexer/src/lexer/ident.rs renamed to front/lexer/src/ident.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@
 //
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
-pub mod lexer;
 pub mod token;
+pub mod core;
+pub mod cursor;
+pub mod trivia;
+pub mod literals;
+pub mod ident;
+pub mod scan;
 
-pub use lexer::*;
+pub use crate::core::{Lexer, Token};

front/lexer/src/lexer/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
 use crate::token::*;
-use super::{Lexer, Token};
+use crate::{Lexer, Token};
 
 impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
     pub fn next_token(&mut self) -> Token {

front/lexer/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 name = "llvm"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
-build = "build.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
 parser = { path = "../front/parser" }
 lexer = { path = "../front/lexer" }
 error = { path = "../front/error" }
-inkwell = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["llvm14-0"] }
-llvm-sys = { version = "140.1.3", features = ["no-llvm-linking"] }
+inkwell = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["llvm21-1"] }
+llvm-sys = { version = "211.0.0", features = ["prefer-dynamic"] }