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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Into the Weeds of GRASS</title>
<meta name="description" content="The 8.4 version of GRASS comes with new topology and machine learning tools, more parallelized algorithms, and projects for data management. The Python package is now more flexible for scripting and more powerful in Jupyter notebooks. For desktop users, a redesigned interface is now generally available with features such as a processing history panel. To really get into the weeds, I will highlight a number of notable tools available, and I will cover how to effectively use GRASS in geospatial workflows, including its use in R scripting. I will also discuss how to get the most out of software licenses and, yes, I will be handing out lifetime licenses.">
<meta name="author" content="Vaclav Petras">
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<!--
The 8.4 version of GRASS comes with new topology and machine learning tools,
more parallelized algorithms, and projects for data management.
The Python package is now more flexible for scripting and more powerful in Jupyter notebooks.
For desktop users, a redesigned interface is now generally available with features such as a processing history panel.
To really get into the weeds, I will highlight a number of notable tools available,
and I will cover how to effectively use GRASS in geospatial workflows, including its use in R scripting.
I will also discuss how to get the most out of software licenses and, yes, I will be handing out lifetime licenses.
-->
<section>
<h1>Into the Weeds of GRASS</h1>
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
<a href="http://wenzeslaus.github.io/" style="font-weight: bold">
Vaclav (Vashek) Petras
</a>
</p>
<p class="title-foot">
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/geoforall/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">NCSU GeoForAll Lab</a>
at the
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">NC State University</a>
</p>
<img src="img/grass-green.svg" class="stretch">
<p><small>NC GIS 2025, March 19-21, 2025</small></p>
<p>
<a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-talks/">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-talks</a>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</h2>
<ul>
<li>Sr. Research Software Engineer at NC State's Center for Geospatial Analytics
<li>GRASS: Core Development Team, Project Steering Committee
<li>OSGeo: Charter Member, GRASS is an OSGeo Project</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/ncsu_cga.png" style="width: 80%">
<img src="img/osgeo.png" style="width: 80%">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community</h2>
Thanks to all those involved!
<br>
<img src="img/community_prague_2024_group.jpg" class="stretch">
<img src="img/github_contributors_2024-09-03.png" style="width: 80%">
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS</h2>
<ul>
<li>geospatial processing engine</li>
<li><b>400+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/full_index.html">processing tools</a></li>
<li><b>400+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons/">more tools in GRASS Addons</a></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/jupyter_interactive_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<!--
<section>
<h2>Python</h2>
Python API comes with GRASS.
<br>
<img src="img/jupyter_interactive_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>R</h2>
rgrass package to use GRASS from R is on CRAN.
<br>
<img src="img/grass_within_rstudio.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Command Line</h2>
<ul>
<li>Interactive shell</li>
<li>One-time execution or batch usage with <code>--exec</code></li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_cli_8_4.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Desktop GIS</h2>
<img src="img/grass_gui_multiple_map_displays.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>QGIS</h2>
GRASS tools are available through the Processing Plugin<br>(GUI and Python).
<br>
<img src="img/qgis_processing.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>actinia</h2>
<br>
<img src="img/actinia_logo.svg" class="stretch">
</section>
-->
<section>
<h2>Releases</h2>
<ul>
<li>
8.4.1, February 2025
<small>Current version for everyday user</small>
</li>
<li>
8.5.0 Preview, Daily
<small>Latest reviewed functional code</small>
</li>
<li>
7.8.8 Legacy, August 2023
<small>Maintained legacy version for some production systems</small>
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/futures_model_output.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h1>New in 8.4 comparing to 8.3</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: More Machine Learning</h2>
<p>Supervised classification with Support Vector Machines
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/i.svm.train.html">i.svm.train</a>: Train a Support Vector Machine</li>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/i.svm.predict.html">i.svm.predict</a>: Predict with a Support Vector Machine</li>
</ul>
</p>
<img src="img/svm_user_accuracy.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Maris Nartiss (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13102">Nartiss & Melniks 2023</a>)</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: More Topology Handling</h2>
<p><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/v.fill.holes.html">v.fill.holes</a>:
Fill holes in areas by keeping only outer boundaries</p>
<img src="img/v_fill_holes.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Vaclav Petras</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Better Horizon Identification</h2>
<p><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/r.horizon.html">r.horizon</a>:
Output for multiple points, distances, and many other improvements</p>
<img src="img/rhorizon_polar_plot.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Anna Petrasova, funded by NSF Award #2322073, granted to Natrx, Inc.</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Interfaces: JSON for Text Outputs</h2>
JSON output format support <code>(format="json")</code> in multiple tools (v.db.select, t.rast.list, …)
<pre class="bash"><code>
v.db.select roadsmajor format=json
</code></pre>
<p>
With better integration in Python:
<pre class="json"><code>
import json
import grass.script as gs
data = gs.parse_command("v.db.select", map="roadsmajor", format="json")
for row in data["records"]:
print(row["ROAD_NAME"])
</code></pre>
<p> More coming in 8.5
(r.report, r.info, …)</p>
<small>by Anna Petrasova, Vaclav Petras, Huidae Cho, Kriti Birda, Corey White, and others</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2><em>Locations</em> are now <em>Projects</em></h2>
<p>The Python API, command line, and GUI are now using <b>project</b> instead
of location for the main component of the data hierarchy.</p>
<img src="img/projects_manage_with_viridis_data.png" class="stretch">
<ul>
<li>
<code>.../data/missouri</code> (location → project)
<ul>
<li><code>interstate_44</code> (mapset aka sub-project)
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
This change was motivated by the results of a community survey, and to use terminology
common to other software projects.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Projects</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Projects keep the data consistent.
<ul>
<li>Same format for all data.</li>
<li>Same CRS for all data.</li>
<li>Separates data preprocessing from analysis.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Mapsets keep the data organized.
<ul>
<li>One default mapset or multiple mapsets.</li>
<li>Work is happening in one mapset, but data from any mapset can be used.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<br>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
import grass.script as gs
gs.create_project("/path/to/project", epsg="3358")
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>
<code>.../data/missouri</code> (project)
<ul>
<li><code>interstate_44</code> (mapset)
<li>...
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Python API: Simpler Creation of Projects</h2>
<p><code>grass.script</code> Python package: </p>
<p>Greatly simplified the creation of new projects in
Python without a running session (no more chicken and egg problems)</p>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
import grass.script as gs
gs.create_project("cordoba_utm21s", epsg="32721")
gs.setup.init("cordoba_utm21s")
</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
It is also possible to create a project in a temporary folder
</aside>
<small>by Vaclav Petras, funded by NSF Award #2322073, granted to Natrx, Inc.</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CLI: <code>--tmp-project</code> with <code>--exec</code></h2>
<code>--tmp-location</code> is now <code>--tmp-project</code>
<pre style="font-size: 94%;"><code data-trim data-noescape>grass --tmp-project EPSG:3358 --exec \
r.viewshed input=elevation \
output=viewshed coordinates=642964,222890
</code></pre>
<p><code>--tmp-location</code> continues to work</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Long-term view</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Carrier Investment</h2>
<ul>
<li>Invest your time into technologies which stay and don't disapear in couple years.</li>
<li>Bash scripting, Python, GRASS</li>
<li>Longetivity, open-source, platfrom-idependent</li>
<li>Things develop, versions update, features are added...</li>
<li>...but general ideas stay the same.</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Code from 2002 running in 2019?</em></p>
<!-- 5 pre-release -->
version 5.0 code works as is in 7.6:
<pre style="font-size: 94%;">r.mapcalc depr.bin="if((elev - fill)< 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>
<p>
although there is a better way to write it:
</p>
<pre style="font-size: 94%;">r.mapcalc <em>"</em>depr<em>_</em>bin<em> = </em>if((elev - fill) < 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>
<br>
<img src="img/grass-white.svg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Open-Source Licensing</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Organizations:
<ul>
<li>Provider-independent, contractor-independent.</li>
<li>Financial investments go to a public pool.</li>
<li>Pay for support and features, not usage.</li>
<li>No per-CPU license fees.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Individuals:
<ul>
<li>Work computer or personal laptop.</li>
<li>Employer-independent.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass-green.svg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h1>More New Features 8.4</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Python API: Animations and ipyleaflet</h2>
<p><code>grass.jupyter</code> Python package:
<ul>
<li>
New <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/libpython/grass.jupyter.html#module-grass.jupyter.seriesmap"><code>grass.jupyter.SeriesMap</code></a>
class for animating series of vectors or rasters
<small>(temporal animations already available)</small>
</li>
<li>
New option to create a maps with <em>ipyleaflet</em>
<small>(will bring interactivity in 8.5)</small>
</li>
</ul>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
s = gj.SeriesMap(height = 500)
s.add_rasters(["elevation_shade", "geology", "soils"])
s.add_vectors(["streams", "streets", "viewpoints"])
s.d_barscale()
s.show()
m = InteractiveMap(map_backend="ipyleaflet")
m.add_vector("streams")
m.add_raster("elevation")
m.show()
</code></pre>
<small>
by Caitlin Haedrich, Riya Saxena, Anna Petrasova
</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>GUI: New History Browser Panel</h2>
<img src="img/history_panel.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Linda Karlovska with a <a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Student_Grants">GRASS Student Grant</a></small>
<aside class="notes">
Commands grouped by date, we can see their status, the region setting when they were executed, etc.
Other GUI improvements include the integration of the modeler within single window layout,
undockable map displays, faster rendering in d modules.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Addon Tools: Wind-water Interactions</h2>
<p><em>r.windfetch</em> – distance which winds blow without obstruction</p>
<img src="img/r_windfetch.png" class="stretch">
<p><small>by Anna Petrasova, funded by NSF Award #2322073, granted to Natrx, Inc.</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Addon Tools: Digest Data with EODAG</h2>
<p>download, import, preprocessing, cloud detection, and masking of remote sensing data with EODAG (Earth Observation Data Access Gateway)</p>
<img src="img/i_sentinel_mask_ES.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Hamed A. Elgizery, Veronica Andreo, Stefan Blumentrath
</section>
<section>
<h1>More Features</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Temporal Algebra</h2>
<p>
<code>D = if(start_date(A) < "2005-01-01", A + B)</code>
<br>
<small>Sum maps from A with maps with equal time stamps from B which are temporally before Jan 1, 2005</small>
</p>
<img src="img/temporal_htc.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Thomas Leppelt and Soeren Gebbert
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Skyview</h2>
<em>r.skyview</em> – non-directional alternative to shaded relief
<img src="img/skyview.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Anna Petrasova
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: SLIC</h2>
<p><em>i.superpixels.slic</em> - image segmentation using SLIC superpixels</p>
<img src="img/i_superpixels_slic_ndvi.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Rashad Kanavath and Markus Metz
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Fast Hydrology Algorithms</h2>
<em>r.accumulate</em> – fast weighted flow accumulation, watersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction
<br>
<img src="img/r_accumulate_nc_lfp_example_multiple.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Huidae Cho</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Vector Topology Cleaning</h2>
<p><em>v.clean</em> – automated topology with outputs for additional checks</p>
<img src="img/topology_cleaning.png" class="stretch">
<p>by Markus Metz, Radim Blazek, and others
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Urban Modeling</h2>
<p><em>r.futures</em> - set of tools for urban growth modeling</p>
<img src="img/FUTURES_Raleigh.png" class="stretch">
<p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Community and Project Maintenance</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Project Roadmap</h2>
<center>
<img src="img/roadmap_2024_part_2.png">
<img src="img/roadmap_2024_part_1.png">
</center>
<p><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/about/roadmap/">grass.osgeo.org/about/roadmap</a></p>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>
Highlights
<ul>
<li>Next release 1st quarter of 2025</li>
<li>conda package</li>
<li>CMake build</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Project Steering Committee Elections</h2>
<ul>
<li>Elections: October 2024, Positions Filled: 4</li>
<li>Total Members: 9, Term Length: 6 years</li>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/psc_members_2025.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>NSF Grant Lead by NC State</h2>
<ul>
<li>
NSF grant awarded to NC State, ASU, NMSU, Yale
<ul>
<li>To enhance infrastructure</li>
<li>To revise contributing guidelines</li>
<li>To support community building</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The NSF program is not funding new features, bug fixes, or ongoing maintenance</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/nsf_grant_announcement.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Financial Contributions</h2>
<img src="img/open_collective_top.png" style="width: 80%;">
<br>
<ul>
<li>
Contributions through Open Collective partially support face-to-face meetings and student grants.
</li>
<li>We would like to finance ongoing maintenance.</li>
<li>Talk to me if Open Collective does not work for you.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/open_collective_qr.png" class="stretch">
<p><small><a href="https://opencollective.com/grass">opencollective.com/grass</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Commercial Support</h2>
<img src="img/commercial_support_2025.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>New Tutorials Site</h2>
<p>Just launched: <a href="https://grass-tutorials.osgeo.org">grass-tutorials.osgeo.org</a></p>
<img src="img/grass-tutorials.png" class="stretch">
<p>lead by the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>New Documentation</h2>
<p></p>
<img src="img/documentation.png" class="stretch">
<p>lead by the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Swag Shop</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/grassgis/">redbubble.com/people/grassgis</a></p>
<p>or search for "grass project shop" on Redbubble</p>
<img src="img/swag_shop_white_t-shirts.png" class="stretch">
<p>lead by the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Re-adopting the Classic Name</h2>
<p>
Since GRASS is doing more in geospatial than just GIS,
we are re-adopting <em>GRASS</em> instead of <em>GRASS GIS</em>.
</p>
<p style="font-size: 400%">GRASS</p>
<p>Lead by the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics <br>& Approved by the Project Steering Committee in February</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>New Logo & Branding</h2>
<p>
In a testing phase and under the Project Steering Committee approval process
</p>
<img src="img/grass-green.svg" class="stretch">
<p>lead by the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Mentoring and Student Grants Program</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Mentoring_Program">Mentoring</a> to integrate GRASS into your workflows (registration closes in May)</li>
<li><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Student_Grants">Student grants</a> to contribute to GRASS (call open for 2025)</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/community_prague_2023_laptop.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community Meeting 2024</h2>
12-hour work days, 8.4.0 release, CI, parallelization, …
<br>
<img src="img/community_prague_2024_group_old_town.jpg" class="stretch">
<small><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/news/2024_08_02_report_community_meeting_prague_2024/">grass.osgeo.org > Latest news > Report from the GRASS Community Meeting</a></small>
<small><small>Funding: US NSF (Award 2303651), OSGeo, FOSSGIS, mundialis, INBO Research Institute for Nature and Forest, individual donors</small></small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Join a Working Group</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Groups:
<ul>
<li>Geoprocessing Engine</li>
<li>Open-Source Ecosystem</li>
<li>Documentation and Education</li>
<li>Community Engagement</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>See <a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Working_Groups">wiki</a> for details!</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/community_prague_2024_three_working.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS Developer Summit 2025</h2>
<ul>
<li>Raleigh, NC</li>
<li>May 19-24</li>
<li>Register and become an insider: <a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-2025">tinyurl.com/grass-2025</a></li>
<li>Stay tuned for a user-focused event on Thursday, May 22</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/NCSU_developer_summit_venue_2025_collage.jpg" class="stretch">
<p>lead by the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/grass-green.svg" alt="GRASS logo" class="stretch">
<p>
<small>
vpetras@ncsu.edu,
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaclav-petras/">LinkedIn: Vaclav Petras</a>, <a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/">@wenzeslaus</a>
<p>
<a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-talks">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-talks</a>
</p>
<small>
This talk was funded by the US <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/">National Science Foundation (NSF)</a>,
award <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303651">2303651</a>.
</small>
</small>
</p>
</section>
</div>
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