GO的基础了解 (2023-09-04)

[yaogengzhu]

如何创建一个GO的模块化

create a module

mkdir greetings

cd greetings

go mod init example.com/greetings

# 执行上面三个步骤，完成初始化，然后可以新建一个  greetings.go 文件

编写 hello.go

package greetings

import "fmt"

// Hello returns a greeting for the named person.
func Hello(name string) string {
    // Return a greeting that embeds the name in a message.
    message := fmt.Sprintf("Hi, %v. Welcome!", name)
    return message
}

Call your code from another module

// 在同级目录下执行
cd ..
mkdir hello
cd hello 

go mod init example.com/hello

// 初始化完成后，开始编写 hello.go

```go
package main

import (
    "fmt"

    "example.com/greetings"
)

func main() {
    // Get a greeting message and print it.
    message := greetings.Hello("Gladys")
    fmt.Println(message)
}

完成以上步骤后：需要在执行以下动作

• 切换到hello 目录，执行如下命令

   go mod edit -replace example.com/greetings=../greetings
   go mod tidy

• 最后可以直接运行了， go run hello.go

[yaogengzhu]

推荐地鼠文档： https://www.topgoer.cn/

[yaogengzhu]

go 拿到输入， 以及数据转换

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	println("Enter your like number: ")
	input, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

	// 输入数据转换
	nums, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(input), 10, 64)

	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error: ", err)
		return
	}
	println(nums + 1)
}

[yaogengzhu]

go 有意思的循环 loop

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	// fn1()
	// fn2()

	fn3()
}

func fn1() {
	list := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

	for key, value := range list {
		fmt.Println(key, value)
	}
}

func fn2() {
	list := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

	for i := 0; i < len(list); i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, list[i])
	}
}

// while
func fn3() {
	list := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

	i := 0
	for i < len(list) {
		if i == 3 {
			goto lco
		}
		fmt.Println(i, list[i])
		i++
	}
	// goto 语句
lco:
	fmt.Println("lco")
}

尽量避免使用GOTO 语法

[yaogengzhu]

GO 的文件读写

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	context := " I am a test string"

	file, err := os.Create("./test.txt")

	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	length, err := io.WriteString(file, context)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	println("write length:", length)
	defer file.Close()

	readFile("./test.txt")
}

func readFile(filename string) {
	file, err := os.ReadFile(filename)

	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	fmt.Println(string(file))
}

[yaogengzhu]

GO 语言的解析URL 参数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/url"
)

var rawURL string = "https://www.baidu.com/?name=abc&age=18"

func main() {
	reuslt, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(reuslt.Scheme)
	fmt.Println(reuslt.Port())
	fmt.Println(reuslt.Hostname())
	fmt.Println(reuslt.Query())

	query := reuslt.Query()

	for _, val := range query {
		fmt.Println(val)
	}
}

[yaogengzhu]

go 的泛型

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	sum := sumInt(map[int]int{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3})
	sum1 := sumFloats(map[string]float64{"a": 1.1, "b": 2.2, "c": 3.3})
	// print(sum)
	sum2 := SumIntsOrFloats(map[int]int{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3})
	sum3 := SumIntsOrFloats(map[string]float64{"a": 1.1, "b": 2.2, "c": 3.3})
	fmt.Println(sum)
	fmt.Println(sum1)
	fmt.Println(sum2)
	fmt.Println(sum3)
}

func sumInt(m map[int]int) int {
	sum := 0
	for _, v := range m {
		sum += v
	}
	return sum
}

func sumFloats(m map[string]float64) float64 {
	sum := 0.0
	for _, v := range m {
		sum += v
	}
	return sum
}

// 定义泛型
type Number interface {
	int | float64
}

func SumIntsOrFloats[K comparable, V Number](m map[K]V) V {
	var s V
	for _, v := range m {
		s += v
	}
	return s
}

[yaogengzhu]

GO 中的Reflect 反射 和 tag 标签

package main

import "reflect"

func main() {
	var user User

	getUserReflct(&user)
}

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name" doc:"姓名"`
	Age  int    `json:"age" doc:"年龄"`
}

func getUserReflct(str interface{}) {

	t := reflect.TypeOf(str).Elem()

	for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
		field := t.Field(i)
		println(field.Tag.Get("json"))
		println(field.Tag.Get("doc"))
	}
}

[yaogengzhu]

GO的并发控制

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"runtime"
	"time"
)

func Gotest() {
	i := 0
	for {
		fmt.Println("Hello World", i)
		i++
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
	}
}

func main() {
	go func() {
		defer fmt.Println("hello world End")
		fmt.Println("hello world")
		func() {
			fmt.Println("hello world 2")
			runtime.Goexit()
		}()
	}()

	i := 0
	for {
		fmt.Println("Hello World", i)
		i++
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
	}
}

[yaogengzhu]

了解GO的channel

无缓冲的channel

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	// 创建一个无缓冲的channel
	c := make(chan int)
	go func() {
		// 往channel中写入数据
		c <- 42
	}()
	// 从channel中读取数据
	num := <-c
	// channel的读写都是阻塞的，所以这里会输出42
	fmt.Println(num)
}

有缓冲的channel

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	c := make(chan int, 3) // 有缓冲的channel
	go func() {
		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
			fmt.Println("send:", i)
			c <- i
		}
	}()

	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)

	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		println(<-c)
	}
}