feat: 新增 Deno 使用实践与总结文章，涵盖依赖管理、运行时特点及 Node.js 兼容性 (#164)

* feat: 新增 Deno 使用实践与总结文章，涵盖依赖管理、运行时特点及 Node.js 兼容性

* feat: 更新 Deno 实践文章，新增多个 HTTPS 绝对路径引用示例，包括 GitHub、esm.sh、jspm、skypack 和 jsdelivr

* feat: 添加中英文版本的 Deno 实践与总结文章，涵盖依赖管理、jsr.io 包仓库、运行时特点及 Node.js 兼容性

Author: iugo

_posts/2024/2024-12-19-deno-practice-and-summary.md

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+---
+title: Deno 使用实践与总结
+categories: [web, deno]
+date: 2024-12-19
+author: iugo
+last_modified_at: 2024-12-19 09:48+08:00
+---
+
+<details lang="zh" open>
+<summary>中文版本</summary>
+<div markdown="1">
+
+## Deno 中的依赖管理
+
+1. 直接使用 import 进行相对路径的文件引用.
+2. 直接使用 import 进行 HTTPS 绝对路径的文件引用.
+   2.1. 比如使用 deno.land 的包 (仅限公共包).
+   2.2. 比如使用 GitHub 的包 (raw.githubusercontent.com).
+   2.3. 如 <https://esm.sh/>
+   2.4. 如 <https://jspm.org/>
+   2.5. 如 <https://www.skypack.dev/>
+   2.6. 如 <https://www.jsdelivr.com/esm>
+3. 引用 npm 包.
+4. 引用 jsr 包. (仅限公共包).
+
+### jsr.io 包仓库
+
+jsr.io 是 Deno 官方团队开发维护的一个包仓库, 可以同时发布为 Deno 和 Node.js 的包.
+
+如果没有 jsr.io, 如果一个包想要同时支持 Deno 和 Node.js, 那么需要维护两套代码.
+
+如果不想维护两套代码, 则可以构建时魔改代码, 但会受到许多约束:
+
+1. 转为 Node.js 包的时候移除 `.ts` 后缀名.
+2. 无法添加 deno 依赖.
+3. 无法添加 Node.js 依赖.
+
+jsr.io 的包可以同时支持 Deno 和 Node.js, 解决了上述痛点.
+但是 jsr.io 有两大问题:
+
+1. jsr.io 不支持 HTTP 绝对路径的文件引用.
+2. jsr.io (暂时) 不支持私有包. <https://github.com/jsr-io/jsr/issues/203>
+
+## Deno 运行时特点
+
+### Deno 中的浮点误差
+
+虽然 Deno 的一大核心是 V8 引擎, 但 Deno 的运行时针对浮点计算进行了特殊处理.
+
+比如我们要做下面的浮点运算: `1.1 * 100`
+
+- Deno 2.1.4 (since 1.9.2) -> `110`
+- Chrome 131 (since 90) -> `110.00000000000001`
+- Node.js v20.11.0 -> `110.00000000000001`
+
+Deno 的运行时似乎在刻意避免浮点误差.
+
+## Node.js 兼容性
+
+Node.js 的生态非常庞大, Deno 想要扩大运行时市场份额,
+需要为在 Node.js 环境下开发的软件提供兼容性.
+
+在 Deno 2.x 版本中, Deno 已经尽量支持了许多 Node.js 的包.
+
+但是这种支持仍然有限:
+
+1. localAddress 参数没有效果. <https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/24153>
+2. [更多兼容问题见 issue 列表](https://github.com/denoland/deno/labels/node%20compat)
+3. [Deno 支持不完善的 Node.js 功能](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/node_apis/#partially-supported-modules)
+4. [Deno 暂不支持的 Node.js 功能](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/node_apis/#unsupported-modules)
+
+## 原生 Deno API
+
+目前 Deno 提供的 API 仍有限, 比如有下面的问题:
+
+1. 网络请求时不支持选择网卡. <https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/27376>
+2. 不支持 brotli 压缩. (但通过 Node.js 兼容包可实现)
+
+</div>
+</details>
+
+<details lang="en">
+<summary>English Version</summary>
+<div markdown="1">
+
+## Dependency Management in Deno
+
+1. Direct file imports using relative paths.
+2. Direct file imports using HTTPS absolute paths.
+   2.1. Using packages from deno.land (public packages only).
+   2.2. Using packages from GitHub (raw.githubusercontent.com).
+   2.3. From <https://esm.sh/>
+   2.4. From <https://jspm.org/>
+   2.5. From <https://www.skypack.dev/>
+   2.6. From <https://www.jsdelivr.com/esm>
+3. Importing npm packages.
+4. Importing jsr packages (public packages only).
+
+### jsr.io
+
+jsr.io is a package registry developed and maintained by the Deno official team,
+allowing packages to be published for both Deno and Node.js.
+
+Without jsr.io, supporting both Deno and Node.js would require maintaining two
+separate codebases.
+
+To avoid maintaining dual codebases, code could be transformed during build time,
+but with several constraints:
+
+1. Removing `.ts` extensions when converting to Node.js packages.
+2. Cannot add Deno dependencies.
+3. Cannot add Node.js dependencies.
+
+jsr.io packages can support both Deno and Node.js, solving these pain points.
+However, jsr.io has two major issues:
+
+1. jsr.io doesn't support HTTP absolute path imports.
+2. jsr.io (temporarily) doesn't support private packages. <https://github.com/jsr-io/jsr/issues/203>
+
+## Deno Runtime Characteristics
+
+### Floating Point Precision in Deno
+
+Although V8 engine is a core component of Deno, the runtime handles floating-point
+calculations differently.
+
+For example, let's consider this floating-point calculation: `1.1 * 100`
+
+- Deno 2.1.4 (since 1.9.2) -> `110`
+- Chrome 131 (since 90) -> `110.00000000000001`
+- Node.js v20.11.0 -> `110.00000000000001`
+
+Deno's runtime appears to deliberately avoid floating-point errors.
+
+## Node.js Compatibility
+
+With Node.js's vast ecosystem, Deno needs to provide compatibility for software
+developed in Node.js environment to expand its runtime market share.
+
+In Deno 2.x, many Node.js packages are supported.
+
+However, this support is still limited:
+
+1. localAddress parameter has no effect. <https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/24153>
+2. [More compatibility issues in the issue list](https://github.com/denoland/deno/labels/node%20compat)
+3. [Partially supported Node.js features in Deno](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/node_apis/#partially-supported-modules)
+4. [Currently unsupported Node.js features in Deno](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/node_apis/#unsupported-modules)
+
+## Deno API
+
+Currently, Deno's API offerings are still limited, with issues such as:
+
+1. No support for network interface selection in network requests. <https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/27376>
+2. No support for brotli compression. (though achievable through Node.js
+   compatibility packages)
+
+</div>
+</details>