Udacity Repo

This is a repository to gain familiarity with Git and GitHub.

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Common Git Commands

Repository Initialization

• git init: Create a new, brand-new repository.
• git clone <repo_url>: Clone or copy an existing repository.

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Staging and Committing Changes

• git status: Check the status of the repository.
• git add <file1> <file2> ... <fileN>: Add files from the working directory to the staging index.
  • Add all files in one command: git add .
• git rm --cached <file>: Remove the file from the staging index (file is not deleted).
• git commit: Take files from the staging index and save them in the repository.
• git commit -m "message": Save staged changes with a commit message directly in the terminal.
• git commit --amend: Alter the most recent commit.

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Viewing Changes and Logs

• git diff: Display the differences between two versions of a file.
• git show <commit_id>: Display information about a specific commit.
• git log: Display information about existing commits.
  • Filter commits by message: git log --grep="bug"
  • Filter commits by author: git log --author="AuthorName"
  • Show all branches and commits: git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all
• git log --oneline origin/main: Check what is on remote.

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Tags

• git tag <tag_name>: Add a label to a commit.
  • Annotated tag: git tag -a v1.0
  • Tag a specific commit: git tag -a v1.0 <commit_id>
  • Delete a tag: git tag -d v1.0

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Branching

• git branch <branch_name>: Create a new branch.
• git branch: List all branches.
• git branch -d <branch_name>: Delete a branch.
• git branch -M main: Rename the current branch to main.

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Switching Branches

• git checkout <branch_name>: Switch to a specific branch.
• git checkout -b <new_branch>: Create and switch to a new branch.
• git checkout -b <new_branch> <start_point>: Create a new branch starting at a specific commit.

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Merging and Rebasing

• git merge <branch_name>: Merge changes from another branch into the current branch.
  • Undo a merge: git reset --hard HEAD^
• git rebase -i HEAD~<n>: Rebase the last n commits interactively.
  • Options:
    • p or pick: Keep the commit as is.
    • r or reword: Edit the commit message.
    • e or edit: Edit the commit content.
    • s or squash: Combine this commit with the previous one.
    • f or fixup: Combine this commit with the previous one and discard the commit message.
    • d or drop: Delete the commit.

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Undoing Changes

• git revert <commit_id>: Reverse a specific commit.
• git reset: Delete a commit.
  • git reset --mixed: Move the last commit to the working directory.
  • git reset --soft: Move the last commit to the staging area.
  • git reset --hard: Permanently delete the last commit.

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Remote Repositories

• git remote add <name> <url>: Link your local repository to a remote repository.
• git remote -v: Verify the remote repository link.
• git remote remove <name>: Remove a remote repository.
• git remote rename <old_name> <new_name>: Rename a remote repository.

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Pushing and Pulling Changes

• git push origin <branch>: Push local commits to the remote branch.
• git pull origin <branch>: Download and merge changes from the remote branch.
• git fetch origin <branch>: Download updates from the remote branch without merging.
• git push -u origin <branch>: Push the branch and set it as the default upstream branch.

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Forking and Cloning

• git fork: Create a copy of a remote repository under your account.
  • Difference between Forking and Cloning:
    • Forking: Creates a duplicate copy of the remote repository under your account.
    • Cloning: Creates a local copy of a remote repository on your machine.

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Miscellaneous Commands

• git reflog: View a log of all references (kept for 30 days).
• git shortlog: Display an alphabetical list of commit authors and their commit messages.
  • Options:
    • -s: Show just the number of commits.
    • -n: Sort the list numerically.

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This organized structure makes it easier to find specific commands and understand their purpose. Let me know if you need further refinements!# Udacity Repo This is a repository to gain familiarity with Git and GitHub.

---

Common Git Commands

Repository Initialization

• git init: Create a new, brand-new repository.
• git clone <repo_url>: Clone or copy an existing repository.

---

Staging and Committing Changes

• git status: Check the status of the repository.
• git add <file1> <file2> ... <fileN>: Add files from the working directory to the staging index.
  • Add all files in one command: git add .
• git rm --cached <file>: Remove the file from the staging index (file is not deleted).
• git commit: Take files from the staging index and save them in the repository.
• git commit -m "message": Save staged changes with a commit message directly in the terminal.
• git commit --amend: Alter the most recent commit.

---

Viewing Changes and Logs

• git diff: Display the differences between two versions of a file.
• git show <commit_id>: Display information about a specific commit.
• git log: Display information about existing commits.
  • Filter commits by message: git log --grep="bug"
  • Filter commits by author: git log --author="AuthorName"
  • Show all branches and commits: git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all

---

Tags

• git tag <tag_name>: Add a label to a commit.
  • Annotated tag: git tag -a v1.0
  • Tag a specific commit: git tag -a v1.0 <commit_id>
  • Delete a tag: git tag -d v1.0

---

Branching

• git branch <branch_name>: Create a new branch.
• git branch: List all branches.
• git branch -d <branch_name>: Delete a branch.
• git branch -M main: Rename the current branch to main.

---

Switching Branches

• git checkout <branch_name>: Switch to a specific branch.
• git checkout -b <new_branch>: Create and switch to a new branch.
• git checkout -b <new_branch> <start_point>: Create a new branch starting at a specific commit.

---

Merging and Rebasing

• git merge <branch_name>: Merge changes from another branch into the current branch.
  • Undo a merge: git reset --hard HEAD^
• git rebase -i HEAD~<n>: Rebase the last n commits interactively.
  • Options:
    • p or pick: Keep the commit as is.
    • r or reword: Edit the commit message.
    • e or edit: Edit the commit content.
    • s or squash: Combine this commit with the previous one.
    • f or fixup: Combine this commit with the previous one and discard the commit message.
    • d or drop: Delete the commit.

---

Undoing Changes

• git revert <commit_id>: Reverse a specific commit.
• git reset: Delete a commit.
  • git reset --mixed: Move the last commit to the working directory.
  • git reset --soft: Move the last commit to the staging area.
  • git reset --hard: Permanently delete the last commit.

---

Remote Repositories

• git remote add <name> <url>: Link your local repository to a remote repository.
• git remote -v: Verify the remote repository link.
• git remote remove <name>: Remove a remote repository.
• git remote rename <old_name> <new_name>: Rename a remote repository.

---

Pushing and Pulling Changes

• git push origin <branch>: Push local commits to the remote branch.
• git pull origin <branch>: Download and merge changes from the remote branch.
• git fetch origin <branch>: Download updates from the remote branch without merging.
• git push -u origin <branch>: Push the branch and set it as the default upstream branch.

---

Forking and Cloning

• git fork: Create a copy of a remote repository under your account.
  • Difference between Forking and Cloning:
    • Forking: Creates a duplicate copy of the remote repository under your account.
    • Cloning: Creates a local copy of a remote repository on your machine.

---

Miscellaneous Commands

• git reflog: View a log of all references (kept for 30 days).
• git shortlog: Display an alphabetical list of commit authors and their commit messages.
  • Options:
    • -s: Show just the number of commits.
    • -n: Sort the list numerically.

---