🌱 Smart Irrigation System

An intelligent IoT irrigation system that combines ESP8266 hardware with an Android mobile app and AI-powered recommendations to optimize plant watering.

Demo Video

demo.mp4

ESP Device

## 🎯 Overview

The Smart Irrigation System monitors soil moisture in real-time and controls a water pump automatically or manually. The system features an AI assistant that provides intelligent threshold recommendations based on plant type and location.

How It Works

┌─────────────┐         WiFi/HTTP          ┌──────────────┐
│   ESP8266   │ ◄────────────────────────► │  Android App │
│  + Sensors  │    SSE Stream + REST API   │   + AI Bot   │
└─────────────┘                             └──────────────┘
      │                                            │
      ├─ Soil Moisture Sensor                     ├─ Real-time Monitoring
      ├─ Relay (Pump Control)                     ├─ Manual/Auto Control
      └─ WiFi Communication                       └─ AI Recommendations

Communication Flow:

ESP8266 continuously reads soil moisture and sends updates via Server-Sent Events (SSE)
Android App receives real-time data and displays current status
User can manually control pump or switch to automatic mode
AI Chatbot analyzes plant type + location → recommends optimal threshold
App sends HTTP requests to ESP8266 to control pump/mode/threshold

📁 Project Structure

Smart_Irrigation/
├── Android/              # 📱 Android Mobile Application
│   ├── app/             # Main app module (Kotlin + Jetpack Compose)
│   ├── gradle/          # Build system
│   └── README.md        # Android development guide
│
├── Arduino/             # 🔌 ESP8266 Firmware
│   ├── main/           # Arduino sketch (.ino)
│   └── README.md       # Hardware setup & API docs
│
├── LICENSE             # Project license
└── README.md           # This file

✨ Features

🌡️ Real-time Monitoring

Live soil moisture readings (0-100%)
Current pump status (ON/OFF)
Connection status indicator
Automatic reconnection on network issues

💧 Smart Control Modes

Automatic Mode

ESP8266 monitors soil moisture continuously
Automatically turns pump ON when moisture < threshold
Turns pump OFF when moisture ≥ threshold
Hands-free irrigation

Manual Mode

User controls pump directly from app
Override automatic behavior
Useful for testing or special watering needs

🤖 AI-Powered Recommendations (Planned)

The chatbot feature will:

Accept plant name (e.g., "Tomato", "Rose", "Cactus")
Accept location (city/region for climate data)
Analyze plant water requirements
Consider local climate conditions
Recommend optimal moisture threshold
Automatically set threshold on user confirmation

Example Interaction:

User: "I'm growing tomatoes in Mumbai"
AI: "Tomatoes in Mumbai's climate need moderate watering. 
     I recommend a threshold of 45%. Shall I set it for you?"
User: "Yes"
AI: ✓ Threshold set to 45%

⚙️ Customization

Set custom moisture thresholds (0-100%)
Configure plant preferences
Manage notifications
Dark mode support

🛠️ Technology Stack

Android App

Language: Kotlin
UI: Jetpack Compose (Material 3)
Architecture: Clean Architecture + MVVM
DI: Dagger Hilt
Networking: Ktor Client (HTTP + SSE)
Storage: DataStore Preferences
Async: Coroutines + Flow

ESP8266 Hardware

Microcontroller: ESP8266 (NodeMCU/Wemos D1)
Sensors: Capacitive/Resistive Soil Moisture Sensor
Actuator: Relay Module (for pump control)
Communication: WiFi (HTTP Server + SSE)
Power: 5V USB or external supply

🚀 Quick Start

Prerequisites

Android: Device running Android 7.0+ (API 24+)
ESP8266: NodeMCU or compatible board
Network: Both devices on same WiFi network

1️⃣ Setup ESP8266 Hardware

Connect components:
- Soil moisture sensor → ESP8266 analog pin
- Relay module → ESP8266 digital pin
- Water pump → Relay output

Flash firmware:

cd Arduino/main/
# Open main.ino in Arduino IDE
# Configure WiFi credentials
# Upload to ESP8266

Note the ESP8266's IP address from Serial Monitor

📖 Detailed guide: Arduino/README.md

2️⃣ Setup Android App

Open Android Studio
Open the Android/ folder

Update ESP8266 IP in IrrigationRepoImpl.kt:

private const val BASE_URL = "http://YOUR_ESP_IP"

Build and install on your Android device

📖 Detailed guide: Android/README.md

🔌 System Communication

API Endpoints (ESP8266)

Method	Endpoint	Description	Auth Required
GET	`/sse`	Server-Sent Events stream (real-time updates)	No
POST	`/setThreshold`	Set moisture threshold (0-1024)	Yes
POST	`/setMode`	Switch manual/auto mode	Yes
POST	`/setPump`	Turn pump ON/OFF (manual mode)	Yes

Authentication: Bearer token (myStrongAdminKey123)

SSE Stream Format

data: {
  "threshold": 512,        // Current threshold (0-1024)
  "soilMoisture": 650,     // Current moisture (0-1024)
  "relayStatus": false,    // Pump state (true=ON)
  "mode": true            // true=manual, false=auto
}

Request Examples

Set Threshold:

POST http://192.168.1.150/setThreshold
Authorization: Bearer myStrongAdminKey123
Content-Type: application/json

{"threshold": 512}

Switch to Auto Mode:

POST http://192.168.1.150/setMode
Authorization: Bearer myStrongAdminKey123
Content-Type: application/json

{"mode": false}

Turn Pump ON:

POST http://192.168.1.150/setPump
Authorization: Bearer myStrongAdminKey123
Content-Type: application/json

{"pumpStatus": true}

🧠 AI Chatbot Architecture (Planned)

Workflow

User Input (Plant + Location)
         ↓
   AI Analysis Engine
         ↓
   ┌─────────────────┐
   │ Plant Database  │ → Water requirements
   │ Climate API     │ → Local weather data
   │ ML Model        │ → Optimal threshold
   └─────────────────┘
         ↓
   Recommendation
         ↓
   User Confirmation
         ↓
   HTTP POST /setThreshold
         ↓
   ESP8266 Updates Threshold

Inputs

Plant Name: Type of plant being grown
Location: City/region for climate context

Outputs

Threshold Recommendation: Optimal moisture percentage
Reasoning: Why this threshold is recommended
Auto-Set Option: One-tap threshold configuration

📊 System States

Connection States

Connected: Green indicator, live data streaming
Disconnected: Red banner, attempting reconnection
Reconnecting: Yellow indicator, retry in progress

Operation Modes

Automatic: ESP8266 controls pump based on threshold
Manual: User controls pump via app

Pump States

ON: Actively irrigating
OFF: Standby

🔐 Security Notes

Local Network Only: System operates on local WiFi (no internet required)
Bearer Token Auth: Protects control endpoints
No Cloud Dependency: All data stays on local network
Cleartext HTTP: Suitable for home networks (consider HTTPS for production)

🛣️ Roadmap

Current Features ✅

Real-time soil moisture monitoring
Manual pump control
Automatic irrigation mode
Custom threshold settings
SSE-based live updates
Background service for persistent monitoring

Planned Features 🚧

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Areas for improvement:

AI chatbot implementation
Additional sensor support
UI/UX enhancements
Documentation improvements

📄 License

See LICENSE file for details.

🆘 Troubleshooting

App can't connect to ESP8266

Ensure both devices are on same WiFi network
Verify ESP8266 IP address is correct
Check firewall settings
Restart ESP8266 and app

Pump not responding

Verify relay connections
Check power supply to pump
Test relay manually
Review ESP8266 serial logs

Inaccurate moisture readings

Calibrate sensor (dry vs wet soil)
Check sensor connections
Clean sensor probes
Verify sensor type (capacitive recommended)

📞 Support

For issues or questions:

Check component READMEs (Android | Arduino)
Review troubleshooting section
Open an issue on GitHub

Built with ❤️ for smarter, more efficient irrigation

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
.idea		.idea
Android		Android
Arduino/main		Arduino/main
Backend		Backend
images		images
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md

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