Extend level and field_values to work with lazy Fields

[dennisYatunin]

This PR extends level and field_values to work with Broadcasted expressions that represent lazy pointwise field operations. This builds on the work from #2331, which extended column and slab to work with lazy fields. In order to test field_values with lazy fields, it was also necessary to define == for DataLayouts.

• Code follows the style guidelines OR N/A.
• Unit tests are included OR N/A.
• Code is exercised in an integration test OR N/A.
• Documentation has been added/updated OR N/A.

[imreddyTeja]

At some point we may want to add documentation for the different broadcast style types, even though most of the names are self explanatory. I also couldn't find much about NonExtrudedBroadcasted, and I'm not exactly sure what it does, or where it is used.

[akshaysridhar]

At some point we may want to add documentation for the different broadcast style types, even though most of the names are self explanatory. I also couldn't find much about NonExtrudedBroadcasted, and I'm not exactly sure what it does, or where it is used.

The type-name suggests that NonExtrudedBroadcasted is used only with the ClimaCore.DataLayouts.IJFH layouts (in ClimaCore there is a 2D example problem which uses RectangleDomains in the bickley_jet directory.

[dennisYatunin]

My plan for this section of code is to eventually remove it altogether, since it is just duplicating the array slicing code in DataLayouts.jl for broadcast expressions. If we appropriately abstract out the slicing logic, we should not need to duplicate all of it like this (and we should not have this issue of some slicing being implemented for arrays but not for broadcasts). More generally, I think the slicing code can be simplified to a single method that unrolls over DataLayout axes, so that we don't need to have three different methods (column/level/slab) for each of our 15 available layouts. Reducing all of the slicing code in this module to one method should make documentation and unit testing much easier.

And I'm also not sure what NonExtrudedBroadcasted is or what it does, since it doesn't seem to be documented anywhere. At some point I will look into whether it is necessary/useful.

[dennisYatunin]

@akshaysridhar I think the word "extruded" in this context refers to broadcast axis extrusion (e.g., the ability to do something like vector .+ matrix, where the second axis of vector is extruded to match the second axis of matrix), rather than the extrusion of our horizontal ClimaCore spaces into 3D spaces.

[akshaysridhar]

@akshaysridhar I think the word "extruded" in this context refers to broadcast axis extrusion (e.g., the ability to do something like vector .+ matrix, where the second axis of vector is extruded to match the second axis of matrix), rather than the extrusion of our horizontal ClimaCore spaces into 3D spaces.

Ah; noted. thanks.