feat: support TTL as a column-level configuration

[morsapaes]

Summary

Fixes #437.

Used the same approach as #275, although this requires users to set model contracts to enforced: true (which can be annoying if you're not using this feature, since it requires specifying the data_type for each column in the model).

Not sure how the release process works for the adapter, so added an entry to CHANGELOG.md under Unreleased.

Checklist

Delete items not relevant to your PR:

• Unit and integration tests covering the common scenarios were added
• A human-readable description of the changes was provided to include in CHANGELOG
• For significant changes, documentation in https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs was updated with further explanations or tutorials

[Copilot]

Copilot reviewed 5 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.