Drop Python 3.9 support, update ClickHouse version support for testing and upgrade linting libraries

[koletzilla]

Changes

• Python version updates:
  • 3.9 was already deprecated, is not supported by dbt and some linting libraries also dropped support in recent versions. Removed testing with it.
  • Add testing with Python 3.13
• ClickHouse versions updates: versions used for testing updated to match current supported ones + head tag.
  • Add nightly job for Clickhouse's head tag (Closes CI - Test against ClickHouse head #573)
• Linting version libraries updates. For example Mypy started giving false positives here Fix column order in incremental materialization when using contracts #575 for a linting error in the setup.py file but this was already fixed in a recent Mypy version https://github.com/ClickHouse/dbt-clickhouse/actions/runs/20723191891/job/59495955206?pr=575

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Note

Modernizes CI and tooling around testing and linting.

• Converts steps_local_testing.yml into a reusable workflow (workflow_call) with python-version and clickhouse-version inputs; removes internal matrix and updates env setup to use inputs
• Adds test_local_matrix.yml to run a matrix on PRs (Python 3.10–3.13; ClickHouse 25.3, 25.8; plus selective includes 25.10, 25.11, 25.12, latest, head) and drops Python 3.9
• Adds test_local_nightly.yml to run daily against ClickHouse head
• Updates dev_requirements.txt to newer versions of linting/tools (black, isort, mypy, yamllint, requests, types-requests)

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[koletzilla]

4 python versions * 7 CH versions were too many jobs and really not that useful at this point. So I have changed it so:

• Python versions and these 2 ClickHouse LTS versions will still generate the matrix of jobs.
• The rest of CH versions will get just tested with Python3.12 which is the most recent Python version with great compatibility (>2 years of dbt versions supported, covering from dbt 1.7 to recent ones)

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR modernizes the testing and CI infrastructure by removing Python 3.9 support and updating ClickHouse version coverage. The changes align with dbt's supported Python versions and ClickHouse's active security support policy.

Key changes:

• Converts the testing workflow into a reusable workflow with parameterized Python and ClickHouse versions
• Adds comprehensive testing matrix for Python 3.10-3.13 and ClickHouse versions 25.3-25.12 plus latest and head
• Updates development dependencies to newer versions for linting tools

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
dev_requirements.txt	Upgrades linting and testing dependencies (black, isort, mypy, yamllint, requests) to newer versions
.github/workflows/test_local_nightly.yml	Adds new nightly workflow to test against ClickHouse head version
.github/workflows/test_local_matrix.yml	Introduces matrix testing workflow for multiple Python and ClickHouse version combinations
.github/workflows/steps_local_testing.yml	Refactors testing workflow into reusable workflow with input parameters for Python and ClickHouse versions

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