Update TypeScript 4.7→5.9 and Jest 27→30

[Copilot]

First step in modernizing core development dependencies using a stacked PR approach.

Dependency Updates

• typescript: 4.7.4 → 5.9.3
• jest: 27.5.1 → 30.2.0
• @types/jest: 27.5.2 → 30.0.0
• ts-jest: 27.1.5 → 29.4.5
• jest-environment-jsdom: added at 30.2.0 (now a peer dependency)

Configuration Changes

tsconfig.json: Removed extends: "@doist/tsconfig" and inlined options to avoid the deprecated importsNotUsedAsValues option (removed in TS 5.0). Cannot override removed options in extended configs.

packages/ui-extensions-react/jest.config.js: Added transformIgnorePatterns to transform ESM modules in node_modules:

transformIgnorePatterns: ['node_modules/(?!(swiper|ssr-window|dom7|adaptivecards)/)']

Jest 28+ no longer transforms node_modules by default, but adaptivecards and its dependencies ship as ESM.

Original prompt

As per the agreed plan, this pull request updates the core development dependencies: TypeScript and Jest.

This is the first step in a larger effort to modernize the repository's dependencies using a stacked PR approach.

Changes:

• Updates typescript, jest, @types/jest, and ts-jest to their latest stable versions in the root package.json.
• Ensures that any necessary configuration changes in tsconfig.json or Jest configuration files are made to support the new versions.
• Runs npm install to update the package-lock.json file.
• Verifies that the integrity-check script still passes after the updates.

This pull request was created as a result of the following prompt from Copilot chat.

As per the agreed plan, this pull request updates the core development dependencies: TypeScript and Jest.

This is the first step in a larger effort to modernize the repository's dependencies using a stacked PR approach.

Changes:

• Updates typescript, jest, @types/jest, and ts-jest to their latest stable versions in the root package.json.
• Ensures that any necessary configuration changes in tsconfig.json or Jest configuration files are made to support the new versions.
• Runs npm install to update the package-lock.json file.
• Verifies that the integrity-check script still passes after the updates.

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